数据库12cr2概览教程

SafeHarborThefollowingisintendedtooutlineourgeneralproductdirection.Itisintendedforinformationpurposesonly,andmaynotbeincorporatedintoanycontract.ItisnotacommitmenttoSafeHarborThefollowingisintendedtooutlineourgeneralproductdirection.Itisintendedforinformationpurposesonly,andmaynotbeincorporatedintoanycontract.Itisnotacommitmenttodeliveranymaterial,code,orfunctionality,andshouldnotberelieduponinmakingpurchasingdecisions.Thedevelopment,release,andtimingofanyfeaturesorfunctionalitydescribedforOracle’sproductsremainsatthesolediscretionofOracle.Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12cRelease2OracleDatabase12cRelease2已已经可ExadataExpressCloudServiceDatabaseCloudServicesExadataCloudMachine–ExadataOn-PremisesDBCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.6OracleDatabase12cRelease2•–––OracleDatabase12cRelease2•–––敏捷：在线克隆，刷新和在线SaaS应用容器•内存列格式能在ActiveDataGuard中使提升性能（比12.1最多快60倍•Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.8Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,可扩展RowLevelLocking,B-treeSharedCursors,SharedServerRealApplicationAutomaticStorageManagement,IOTsExadata,SmartOracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,可扩展RowLevelLocking,B-treeSharedCursors,SharedServerRealApplicationAutomaticStorageManagement,IOTsExadata,SmartFlash,In-MemoryNativeDatabase高可用Transactions,RefIntegrity,Backup,Point-in-TimeDataGuard(Active),RecoveryFlashback,Clusterware,OnlineDDL,ZeroDataLossRecoveryAppliance,BasedRedefinition,App.数据分Partitions,ParallelSQL,AnalyticFunction,DataMining,OLAP,SQLPatternMatch,R,BigData安Privileges,Roles,Auditing,Encryption,DataEncrypt,Masking,VirtualPrivateDB,Security,DBVault,AuditVault,RealApplicationSecurity,DB开发人SQL,Views,PL/SQL,Triggers,JavainDB,NativeXML,TableFunctions,PHP,AppExpress,SQLNativeJSON,RESTServices,管EnterpriseManager,v$,waitMultitenant,DB&ExaCloud,DB集DBLinks,2PC,Replication,GoldenGate,XATransaction,ExternalBigDataSQL,BigDataCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12c•••数据库OracleDatabase12c•••数据库ADO••数据自DataGuardFar•远距离，零数Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12c•失败事••动态遮盖应OracleDatabase12c•失败事••动态遮盖应用对应用•复杂的行间模500项改进Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12cOracleDatabaseIn-•••OracleDatabase12cOracleDatabaseIn-•••JSON•••通过RESTfulAPI访BigData••运行在Hadoop上的高性OracleHadoop数据集Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12c••••OracleDatabase12c••••近似统•一个快速和高效打补丁的中心••FIPS140支OracleKeyCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12cRelease主要特OracleDatabase12cRelease主要特MassiveCostSavingsandCloudAgilitywithwithDatabaseIn-MassiveWebwithCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12cCPU和OracleDatabase12cCPU和I/O隔快速供应和克可插拔在线租应用无4,096个Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabase12cIn-亚秒级报OracleDatabase12cIn-亚秒级报表和分析性能OLTP和分析型应 把分析任务卸载到ActiveDataGuard备库亚秒级报表和分析性3x速度提升连接，10x速度提升表达式，60x速度提升JSON应用无无内存大小限Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.……水平分区多达1000个……水平分区多达1000个分在线分割和重分片可运行不同数据库Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.多租户4PDB，热克隆/迁移/多租户4PDB，热克隆/迁移/Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.12.1多合一CPU和I/O12.1多合一CPU和I/O隔快速供应和克可插拔SaaS部署的架应用无Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.PDB云环CRMCRMPDBPDB云环CRMCRMPDB在线的进行PDB数据库的克隆，用HotCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.PDB云环CRMCRMPDB在线的进行PDB数据库的克隆，用PDB云环CRMCRMPDB在线的进行PDB数据库的克隆，用PDBClonedversionnolongerinOnlychangescopiedandChangesmadetoCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.PDBPDB在线的进行PDB数据库的克隆，用PDBPDBPDBPDB在线的进行PDB数据库的克隆，用PDBPDB云环Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.ApplicationPDBsApplicationPDBs(foreachApplicationSeed(forPDBs进一步简化管–应用程序容器里的所有–SaaSCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.•••PDB每个PDB每个CDB支持的PDB•••PDB每个PDB每个CDB支持的PDB252增加到4096个可以在PDB级别收集AWRDataGuardBroker实现PDB级故障转••Multitenant••Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.•–租户(PDBs)•“PDBLockdownProfiles––•–租户(PDBs)•“PDBLockdownProfiles–––•–PublicDBaaS,SaaS,PrivateCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|更多12.2集中CDB云供应框包含服务目录和PDB更多12.2集中CDB云供应框包含服务目录和PDB代理ProxyRemoteAccountsAccountsCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|OracleDatabase12cRelease2OracleDatabase12cRelease2CPU和I/O隔快速供应和克可插拔在线租SaaS部署的架应用无在线租4,096个Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.DatabaseIn-更快，更容易，支持Copyright©DatabaseIn-更快，更容易，支持Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.什么是OracleDatabaseIn-••突破:双格式使用内存列格式什么是OracleDatabaseIn-••突破:双格式使用内存列格式的分析和报表性能提升100全新内存••对于向量处理•交易型负载使用成熟的行格列格•••Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleDatabaseIn-MemoryOracleDatabaseIn-Memory支持实时业务无内存大小限Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.内存选件也能运行在ADG1In-1In-内存选件也能运行在ADG1In-1In-高效利用备用数据库Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.In-MemoryColumn热图追踪数据访问In-MemoryColumn热图追踪数据访问策略可定SalesCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.实时的分析查询JoinGroup使用的列，是用于多HASHJOINExample:Findtotalsalesinoutlet实时的分析查询JoinGroup使用的列，是用于多HASHJOINExample:FindtotalsalesinoutletStoreIDjoin2-CreateGroup(STORES(STORE_ID),SALESCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.StoreStore实时的分析查询Example:ComputetotalsalesNet=实时的分析查询Example:ComputetotalsalesNet=Price+Price*复杂查询比原来快3-5In-MemoryColumnCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Price+PriceX实时/多模式分析内存中的•将来自JSON对象的虚拟列装载到的JSON文档PureIn-Memory••使用JSON_VALUE函数在JSON对JSON内容或表达式的查询自动如：查找包含60xperformancegains{•"Movie":"JurrasicWorld"Tickets":{}}•Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.实时/多模式分析内存中的•将来自JSON对象的虚拟列装载到的JSON文档PureIn-Memory••使用JSON_VALUE函数在JSON对JSON内容或表达式的查询自动如：查找包含60xperformancegains{•"Movie":"JurrasicWorld"Tickets":{}}•Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.In-Columnar•In-Columnar••In-ColumnarOnlyHybridcolumnarcompressedobjectsareCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.加载性能改进In-Memory••列格式保存到列格式存储的数据按照原格式加载性能改进In-Memory••列格式保存到列格式存储的数据按照原格式Column•当数据库重新启动时，IM列数据装载跟原来相比装载速度更快(2-5倍)，因•FastCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.In-MemorywithOracleDatabase12cReleaseOLTP行列In-MemorywithOracleDatabase12cReleaseOLTP行列 60倍速度提升JSON把分析任务卸载到ActiveDataGuard备库In-MemoryonExadataCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Copyright©2017,OracleCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.•RACDataGuard能满99%以上的应用•RACDataGuard能满99%以上的应用连续性要••SQL用于分片表，可分布1000个分SQL一个大数据库分区到许多小数据Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.可扩展可扩展Web应用程序必须指定一个分区主要应用基于分区键值的单分区数据操作，如customer_idaccount_id辅助使用Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.•不需要像NoSQL一样使用专用…CREATESHARDEDTABLE(CustId…)VARCHAR2(60)•不需要像NoSQL一样使用专用…CREATESHARDEDTABLE(CustId…)VARCHAR2(60)NOT•••••Systemmanaged-consistentUserdefined-range,…•…•…Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.App快速指向需要访问的Shard。如果应用不CoordinatorDB来协助判定。•ShardingApp快速指向需要访问的Shard。如果应用不CoordinatorDB来协助判定。•ShardingShardRoutingKEY•可扩展：轻松扩展更多的客户端和分片•…支持OCI,ODP.NET和•…Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.没有键值的访问和跨分片查Coordinator没有键值的访问和跨分片查CoordinatorSQL并且将请求转•App•ShardRouting•…••…Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.ShardedTableFamilyCREATESHARDEDTABLECustomers(CustNoNUMBERNOTNULL,Name…ClassSQLDDLCREATESHARDEDShardedTableFamilyCREATESHARDEDTABLECustomers(CustNoNUMBERNOTNULL,Name…ClassSQLDDLCREATESHARDEDTABLE(OrderNoNUMBER(5),CustNoNUMBER(3),OrderDateDATE…CONSTRAINTCustFKFOREIGNRootPKREFERENCES))PARTITIONHASHPARTITIONS;TABLESPACESET;CREATESKUNUMBER(4)PRIMARYKEY,ProductVARCHAR2(20),PriceNUMBER(6,2)))TABLESPACEduplCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.ShardedLineCopyright©2017,OracleShardedLineCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.OracleShardingDataCenterDataCenterPrivateOracleShardingDataCenterDataCenterPrivateCloudforLargePublicCloudforAvailabilityZoneAvailabilityZoneCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Copyright©2017,OracleCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|管理Copyright©2017,Oracleand/orits管理Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,管V$ViewsExplainPlanWaitEventsSQLTracingTuningPackTestingPacksLifecyclePackAWR,ASHSQLMultitenantDatabaseDatabaseApplianceDatabase&ExadataCloud12.2EMCloud•••PerPDBAWRPDB12.2EMCloud•••PerPDBAWRPDB••SupportforvolumePDBestatesEMRealApplication••ImprovedSimplerManagerImprovedscalabilitylargeforlongrunningcalls•••Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|12.2ManageabilityImprovementsIndexUsage•Trackindex12.2ManageabilityImprovementsIndexUsage•TrackindexusagenoViewsprovideusageSQLTuning•Supportfor•Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Copyright©2017,OracleCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|高可用性Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,高可用性Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,CrashRecoveryOnlineBackupDataGuardRecoveryManagerPortableClusterwareOnlineDDLZeroDataLossEditionBasedRedefinitionApplicationContinuityCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|•WhatItEBR可以修补或升级，在Oracle数据库中实现零停机时间应用程序的持久它允许数据库，从客户端代码的•WhatItEBR可以修补或升级，在Oracle数据库中实现零停机时间应用程序的持久它允许数据库，从客户端代码的POV电子商务套件12.2版（2013）采用EBR做修补和升•–S和美国运通在What’s 2014和2015介绍采用EBR•–12.1新增功能使EBREditionabilityofobjectsbecameaperobjectpropertyavoidingneedforschema12.2Editionedobjectsnolongerinusearecleanedupautomaticallyinthe–Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|12.2•Diagnostic,Tuning,andSQLPlanonNouserdisconnectonfailoverMulti-node12.2•Diagnostic,Tuning,andSQLPlanonNouserdisconnectonfailoverMulti-nodeparallelapplyinRACprimaryandstandbyMoresecure(SSL-basedredotransport,automaticallymaintainpasswordfiles)•Planned••••SALESCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|RACCopyright©2017,RACCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.RACMassivescalabilityofReader•RACMassivescalabilityofReader•RACReaderNodessupportadynamic,largenumberofcomputenodesTypicalRACAttachedServers•–RACReaderNodesutilizeLeafnodesstartingwith12.2FlexClusterLeafnodesarelooselycoupledandtypicallydonotdirectlyaccessstorageLeafnodefailuresdonotimpactanyothernodeoranyotherworkload–12.2FlexClusterswithRACReader–CoupledServers•Use–LocalreaderfarmsandAttachedServersLeafnodesI/OisCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.RACMassivescalabilityofParallelRACMassivescalabilityofParallel•UtilizingFlexCluster,parallelcanbedistributedacrossLeaf•Use–MassivescalabilityofParallelCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.ASMFlexPre-12.2ASM12.2ASMFlexPre-12.2ASM12.2ASMFileresourceFlexDB1:File File File File File File File DB3:File DB2:File DB3:File DB2:File DB1:File DB2:File File File File DB1:File Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|FileDB2:FileDB3:FileASMFlex12.2ASMFlexDiskgroupsenableOperationstobetargetedagainstallfilesinadatabasee.g.ASMFlex12.2ASMFlexDiskgroupsenableOperationstobetargetedagainstallfilesinadatabasee.g.QuotaFlexfortesting/Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|FileFileFileFileOracleDatabase12cAutonomousHealthWorkingforYou•IntegratesnextOracleDatabase12cAutonomousHealthWorkingforYou•IntegratesnextgenerationrunningDiscoversPotentialIssuesandNotifieswithCorrectiveActionsSpeedsIssueDiagnosisandPreservesDatabaseandServerAvailabilityandPerformanceAutonomouslyMonitorsandManagesresourcestomaintainSLAs••••Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|RapidHomeProvisioning,Scaling,PatchingandWhat’sRapidHomeProvisioning,Scaling,PatchingandWhat’snewinManageexisting11.2and12.1Provisionnewpools(11.2,12.1,12.2)ontobasemachinesGridInfrastructure:provision,scale,patch,upgradeDatabase:scale,upgrade•••••••NotificationAuditRHPGLOBALCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|ClusterLargescaledeploymentsmade•ManaginghundredsofClusterLargescaledeploymentsmade•Managinghundredsofsystemsinadatacenterisachallenge:Maintaingoldimagesforinstalland12.2ClusterDomainenablescentralizedmanagementforsoftwaredeploymentsandupdatesusingRapidHomeProvisioningforcollectingdiagnose-abilityinformationasthebasisforreal-timedataanalysisviatheAutonomousHealthGoal:Onlypayattentiontonodesthathavebeendiagnosedwithsevereissuesthatcouldleadtounplanneddowntime.••DomainServicesSingleNodeCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Copyright©2017,OracleCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Security–ContinuousInnovation&InternetCloudSecurity–ContinuousInnovation&InternetCloudCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,PrivilegesandRolesVirtualPrivateDatabaseLabelSecurityDataEncryptionDataMaskingDatabaseVaultAuditDatabaseFirewallPrivilegeAnalysisDataRedactionKeyVaultDatabaseThreatActors,Vectors,andCloud/OS/DBRiskDatabaseThreatActors,Vectors,andCloud/OS/DBRiskHighAvailabilityLegacyApplicationsCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|ExabytesofunencrypteddataexistExabytesofunencrypteddataexist12.2introducesonlineencryptionofexistingdatabasefilesAlsosupportsonlinere-AlsoFullencryptionofinternaldatabasei.e.SYSTEM,SYSAUX,andUNDOAcme10Acme3Acme5Acme12Acme4Acme2DF@£!1ah Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Newin12.2DatabaseVaultSimulationDefineandtestsecurityprotectionprofilesthroughapplicationNewin12.2DatabaseVaultSimulationDefineandtestsecurityprotectionprofilesthroughapplicationRealmandHRCreateHRCreateDVIPs,Users,Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|MaintainControlandVisibilityonMaintainControlandVisibilityonKeyAuditCustomerOn-CustomerCloudCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|OracleAVAVAVOracleAVAVAVAVAuditCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.KeyVaultKeyOracleKeyVaultKeyOracleSSHKeyCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.数据库安全评估工具••快速扫描数据库，报告安全风险和数据库安全评估工具••快速扫描数据库，报告安全风险和配置，权限，加密，审计推荐相关TDE,DatabaseVault,AVDF,and••可从上免费下载的工–10.2,11.2,OracleSupportDocument2138254.1(OracleDatabaseSecurityAssessmentToolCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.BigDW&SQLBigDW&SQLCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.分析Client-ServerInternetCloudCopyright©2017,分析Client-ServerInternetCloudCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Oracle5,6,7,Oracle8i,9i,Oracle11g,ParallelQuery(SQL)CostBasedOptimizerQueriesonHierarchiesDirectDataDataMiningResourceBigDataApplianceRAnalyticsOraclePartitioninginOracleDatabaseOveradecadeofdevelopmentandbetterthaneverOraclePartitioninginOracleDatabaseOveradecadeofdevelopmentandbetterthaneverCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|CoreOracle10gR2andRangeLocalandglobalRangeindexing,Hashpartitioning,Listpartitioning,GlobalHashindexing,StaticpartitionPartition-wisejoins,FastpartitionSPLIT,Multi-dimensionalBasicmaintenance:ADD,DROP,EXCHANGE,MERGEGlobalindexmaintenance,LocalIndexmaintenance,FastDROPTABLEOracleMorecompositechoices,Referencepartitioning,Hash-*ExpandedReference“AND”PartitionAdvisor,IncrementalstatsMulti-branchexecution(akatableor-Oracle12cInterval-ReferenceAsynchronousglobalindexmaintenanceCascadingTRUNCATE,Partialindexing,Oracle12cAuto-listIntervalsubpartitioning,PartitionedexternaltablesOnlinepartitionmaintenanceoperations,OnlinetableconversiontopartitionedReducedcursorinvalidationsforReadonlypartitions,BigData分区的外SALESTABLEBigData分区的外SALESTABLEexena)FullstatisticsgatheredonexternalDynamicUKPaonGmanyPaonUSAPaonExternaltablescanbepartitionedusinganypartitioningtechniquePartitionpruningandbasicpartitionCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Movesbusinesslogic(Aggregations,Hierarchies,Calculations)backintoSimpleMovesbusinesslogic(Aggregations,Hierarchies,Calculations)backintoSimpleSQLforcomplexanalyticnojoinsorGROUP-BYclausesdefiningcalculationsWorksontopofexistingnopersistentCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Newin12.2ApproximateQueryCopyrightNewin12.2ApproximateQueryCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Newin12.2IndexCompressionNewIndexHighcompressionenablesfurthercompressionofindexesNewin12.2IndexCompressionNewIndexHighcompressionenablesfurthercompressionofindexesSignificantspacesavingsforindexheavyapplications(i.e.OLTP)IndexcompressioncanalsoresultinI/OimprovementsasahigherproportionofindexcanbecachedSAP(10,00013%Improvementinworkloadthroughput(forlowCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|PropertyScalesPropertyScalestotrillionsofMemory-basedGraphMorethan35graphanalysisSQL,Tinkerpop:Blueprints,Gremlin,Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Rules:e.g.UsedefaultparametersRules:e.g.UsedefaultparametersinActions:Copyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.|Copyright©2017,OracleCopyright©2017,Oracleand/oritsaffiliates.Allrightsreserved.Developers–ContinuousInnovation&Client-ServerInternetCloudDevelopers–Continuous