跨文化商务交际导论 课件Unit4 intercultural communication barriers and adaptation

1.AnxietyanduncertaintyWhendopeoplefeelanxious?Whatmaymakepeoplefeeluncertain?AnxietyinanewjobAnxietyAnxietyoccursbecauseofnotknowingwhatoneisexpectedtodo,andalsobecauseoffocusingonthatfeelingandnotconcentratingonthecommunication.UncertaintyUncertaintyreferstoone’sowncognitiveinabilitytoexplainhisorherownorothers’feelingsandbehaviorininteractionsbecauseofanambiguoussituationthatevokesanxiety.UncertaintyAnxietyTheyarealwaysinextricablyboundupwitheachother.Anxietyhappensbecauseofbeingafraidoffailureincommunicationevents.

Uncertaintyhappensbecauseoneisunabletopredictothers’ideasandbehavior.UncertaintyAnxietyuncertainty2.AssumingsimilarityinsteadofdifferenceAssumingsimilarityinsteadofdifferencereferstotheideathatpeoplecomingfromanotherculturearemoresimilartousthantheyactuallyareorthatanotherperson’ssituationismoresimilartooursthanitactuallyis.Assumingtherearenodifferencesbetweenthewaysofbehavinginthenewcultureandthoseinourhomeculture;Regarddingandtreatingotherpeopleas“ourpeople”;Assumingtheremustbeonlyonewayofdoingthings:Thatis“ourway.”2.AssumingsimilarityinsteadofdifferenceIn1997,aDanishwomanlefther14-month-oldbabygirlinastrolleroutsideaManhattanrestaurantwhileshewasinside.OtherdinersattherestaurantbecameconcernedandcalledtheNewYorkCityPolice.Thewomanwaschargedwithendangeringachildandwasjailedfortwonights.Herchildwasplacedinfostercare.InDenmark,parentsoftenleavetheirkidsbundleduptobreathefreshair.Thethinkinggoesthatsleepingoutsideisgoodfortheimmunesystemsandreducestheriskofcough,colds,andinfectionbybuildingnaturalimmunityandreducingthenumberofmicrobesbabieswouldinteractwithindoors.Ethnocentrismreferstonegativelyjudgingaspectsofanotherculturebythestandardsofone’sownculture.

1.EthnocentrismTypicalethnocentricattitudesMostotherculturesarebackwardcomparedwithmyculture.Mycultureshouldbetherolemodelforothercultures.Otherculturesshouldtrytobemorelikemyculture.Mostpeoplefromotherculturesjustdon’tknowwhat’sgoodforthem.Ihavelittlerespectforthevaluesandcustomsofothercultures.Mostpeoplewouldbehappieriftheylivedlikepeopleinmyculture.Peopleinmycultureprobablyhavethebestlifestylesintheworld.Lifestylesinotherculturesarenotasvalidasthoseinmyculture.Idonotcooperatewithpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthoseinmyculture.Idonottrustpeoplewhoaredifferentfromthoseinmyculture.Idislikeinteractingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Otherculturesshouldlookuptomyculture.Otherpeoplearemuchthesameasmypeople.OurwayofdoingthingsistheonlyrightwayStereotypingisnegativeorpositivejudgmentsmadeaboutindividualsonthebasisofanyobservableorbelievedgroupmembership.

2.Stereotypingsmartandconscientiouseloquentandhumorousboringundependable

2.StereotypingregionsoftheworldcountriesregionswithincountriescitiesreligionsagesoccupationsrelationalrolesphysicalcharacteristicsCategoriesusedtoformstereotypesaboutgroupsofpeoplePrejudicereferstotheirrationaldislike,suspicion,orhatredofaparticulargroup,race,religion,etc.

3.PrejudiceTheresaMaryMayHillaryClinton

3.PrejudiceIrrational

feelingsofdislikeandevenhatredofacertaingroupBiased

perceptionsandbeliefsaboutthegroupmembersthatarenotbased

ondirectexperiencesandfirsthandknowledgeThereadinesstobehaveinnegativeandunjustwaystowardthegroupmembersDifferentformsofprejudicedattitudesRacismistheincitationofdiscrimination,hatred,orviolencetowardapersonoragroupofpeoplebecauseoftheiroriginortheirbelonging,ornotbelonging,toaspecificethnicgrouporrace.

4.RacismAfavorendedupinamurder!Cultureshockoccurswhensomeoneiscutofffromfamiliarsurroundingsandcultureaftermovingortravelingtoanewenvironment.Cultureshockcanleadtoanxiety,confusion,anduncertainty.Itisimportantfororganizationsandindividualstounderstandcultureshock,includingitssymptomsanddifferentforms.1.ThedefinitionofculturalshockTravelersExpatriateworkersExchangestudents1.Thedefinitionofculturalshock1.ThedefinitionofculturalshockCultureshockreferstothetraumaticexperiencethatanindividualmayencounterwhenenteringadifferentculture.2.Thesymptomsofcultureshock(1)(3)(5)(8)(2)(4)(6)(7)(9)(10)3.TheformsofculturalshockLanguageshockRoleshockTransitionshockCulturefatigueEducationshockAdjustmentstressCulturedistanceThreeminiinterviews1.ThedefinitionofinterculturaladaptationInterculturaladaptationrefers

broadlytotheprocessof

increasingourleveloffitnesstomeetthedemandsofanewcultural

environment.2.ThestagesofinterculturaladaptationStagesofinterculturaladaptationUWUHoneymoonperiodCrisisperiodAdjustmentperiodBiculturalismperiodUHoneymoonperiodThisstageischaracterizedbyfascinationwiththenew

cultureandbytheexcitementaboutallthenewthingssojourners

encounterinthehostculture.Inthisstage,theyarestillviewing

thenewenvironmentfromtheirownculturalperspective.UCrisisperiodThecrisisperiodisalsocalledthehostilityorfrustrationstage.Duringthisstage,sojournersexperiencecultureshock.Thisstageischaracterizedbyfrequent

confusionanddisintegrationastheyconfrontdifferencesinvalues,

beliefs,behavior,andlifestyles.UAdjustmentperiodThisperiodisreferredtoastheadjustment

periodortherecoverystage,duringwhichsojournersalsobeginto

appreciateandrespectthenewcultureandtodevelopsensitivity

towardculturaldifferences.UBiculturalismperiodInthis

stage,sojournersmaystillexperienceoccasionalanxietyand

frustration,buttheyhavecultivatedanunderstandingofthehost