Unit+4+Adversity+and+courage+Learning+About+Language++词汇讲解课件【高效课堂精研】高中英语人教版（2019）选择性必修第三册

XB3Unit4ADVERSITYANDCOURAGEWordsandexpressions

SectionIILearningAboutLanguage⁠

⁠⁠

⁠cruel/ˈkruːəl/adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的【教材原句】

LifewascrueltoOliverwhenhewasyoung.奥利弗小时候，生活对他很残酷。Somepeoplechoosenottoeatmeatbecausetheybelievethatit

is

cruel

to

animals.【派生】（2）cruelly

adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty

n.

残忍；残酷【固搭】（1）becruelto

对……残忍becrueltobekind

为使其受益而严格要求有些人选择不吃肉，因为他们认为吃肉对动物太残忍了。单句语法填空①Thedeliberate故意的

cruelty

⁠

（cruel）ofhiswordscutherlikeaknife.②Thetramp流浪汉

hadbeen

cruelly

⁠

（cruel）treatedbeforesheadoptedhim.

完成句子③Ican’tputupwithpeople

who/thatarecrueltoanimals

⁠.

我不能容忍对动物残忍的人。crueltycruellywho/thatarecrueltoanimalscrueladj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的【派生】（2）cruelly

adv.残忍地；残酷地cruelty

n.

残忍；残酷【固搭】（1）becruelto

对……残忍⁠

⁠unfortunately/ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/

adv.不幸地；遗憾地【教材原句】

Unfortunately，hisapplicationwasturneddownbecausehewastooyoungandnot

qualifiedenough.

不幸的是，他的申请被拒绝了，因为他太年轻，资质不够。fortune

n.【U】机遇；运气(chance,luck)；【C】大笔钱，巨款fortunate

adj.幸运的--fortunately

adv.幸运地--unfortunateadj.不幸的【佳句】

①Unfortunately，hesubmittedhimselftothetemporary暂时的

difficultyandhedidn’tachievehisgoal.不幸的是，他屈服于暂时的困难，没有实现他的目标。②Wehadtoeatoutallthetime.Itendedupcostingafortune.我们不得不总在外面吃饭，结果花了很多钱。submitoneselfto(It)endupdoingsth单句语法填空①Theyoungmanresolvedto

seekhis

fortune

⁠

（fortunate）inthatcity，butinvain徒劳无功.②Iwaslate，but

fortunately

⁠

（fortune）themeetinghadn’tstarted.完成句子③

Iamfortunatetohavesuchapreciousopportunity/chance

⁠

toserveasavolunteerintheactivity.

我很幸运有这样一次宝贵的机会在活动中担任志愿者。Iamfortunatetohavesuchapreciousopportunity/chancefortunefortunatelyresolvetodo决心做某事seekone’sfortune寻找发迹的机会；寻出路makea/one’sfortune[C]发财;赚大钱learningaboutlanguageP40-41crew/kruː/[集合名词]cruel/ˈkruːəl/(to)-cruelly-crueltythorough/ˈθʌrə/(adj.)-thoroughlyfurniture/ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/[U/C]fortunately/ˈfɔːtʃənətli/unfortunately/ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/bark/bɑːk/(at)rugby/ˈrʌɡbi/bat/bæt/damp/dæmp/recreation/ˌrekriˈeɪʃən/-recreationalguidance/ˈɡaɪd(ə)ns/-guidenephew/ˈnefjuː/-nieceadvertise/ˈædvətaɪz/（+ment/er）advertising/ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/corporate/ˈkɔːpərət/thorough/ˈθʌrə/

adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的thoroughly

adv.

彻底地；完全地

crew/kruː/[集合名词+v.sing/pl]

n.(轮船、飞机等上面的)全体工作人员；专业团队；一群人crewmember(s)

furniture/ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)/

n.[U]家具

apieceof/anitemoffurniture一件家具

furnish

vt.

为……配备家具

furnish…with…【主动】/befurnishedwith…【被动】

furnished

adj.配备家具的

afullyfurnishedroom配备齐全的房间

bark/bɑːk/

vi.&n.(狗)吠叫;吠叫声;树皮Thedogsuddenlystartedbarkingat

us.

rugby

n.橄榄球运动bat

/bæt/

n.球拍；蝙蝠v.拍打；用球板击球Hebatsverywell.他擅长击球。Who'sbattingfirstfortheOrioles?谁代表金莺队第一个出场击球？InChinesefolklorethebatisasymbolofgoodfortune.

在中国民间传说中，蝙蝠是好运的象征。Thisboyhasabaseballbat.damp/dæmp/

adj.潮湿的；湿气重的Idon'tlikeadampweather.

我不喜欢潮湿的天气。Thedampairmakesmyoldboneshurt.

潮湿的空气令我的老骨头受到了伤害。recreation

n.【U】娱乐；消遣；【C】娱乐活动；游戏recreational

adj.娱乐的，消遣的

theneedtoimprovefacilitiesforleisureandrecreation

改进消遣娱乐设施之必要Hisrecreationsincludegolf,footballandshooting.他的娱乐活动包括打高尔夫球、踢足球和射击。occupationn.[C]消遣，业余活动；工作，职业guidance

n.指导；引导；导航

guide

vt.指导，引导

n.导游，向导；指南，手册(guidebook)

underone’sguidance＝undertheguidanceofsb.在某人的指导下nephew/ˈnefjuː/

n.侄子；外甥

niece/niːs/

n.侄女，外甥女advertising/ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/

n.广告活动；广告业radio/TVadvertising广播/电视广告Agoodadvertisingcampaignwillincreaseoursales.advertise/ˈædvətaɪz/

v.公布；宣传；做广告

=putanadvertisement

/ədˈvɜːtɪsmənt/n.

广告advertiser/ˈædvətaɪzə(r)/

n.广告商corporate/ˈkɔːpərət/

adj.公司的；法人的；社团的corporatefinance公司的财务

corporateidentity(=theimageofacompany,thatallitsmembersshare)

公司形象acorporatebody法人团体corporateresponsibility

共同的责任cooperate/co-operatev.合作；协作learningaboutlanguageP40-41crew[集合名词]cruel(to)-crueltythorough/ˈθʌrə/furniture-furnish-furnishedfortunately-fortuneunfortunately/ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli/bark/bɑːk/rugby/ˈrʌɡbi/bat/bæt/damp/dæmp/recreation-recreationalguidance-guidenephew-nieceadvertise(+er/ment)advertising/ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ/corporate/ˈkɔːpərət/SectionIIUsingLanguagegiveup戒除；放弃；让出giveaway不小心透露，泄露；赠送，免费给予giveout

分配，分发；（食物、燃料、力气等）用光，精疲力竭givein（to...）

（向……）屈服，投降，让步；提出，上交giveback

归还giveontosth

有某物的景致；朝向某物(giveupon,lookoutupon)giveover（doingsth）停止做某事⁠

⁠give

off

放出（热、光、气味或气体）③Theauthoritiesshowednosignsofgiving

in

tothekidnapper’sdemands.

屈服⁠完成句子④Withgreatperseverance，Iwillnever

giveinto

⁠anyhardship.Neither

willIgiveupmydream

⁠ofbeingadmittedtoPekingUniversity.

凭着极大的毅力，我决不向任何困难屈服。我也不会放弃被北京大学录取的梦想。（否定副词放句首，句子部分倒装）屈服②Allofusconsiderhimagenuineperson，andtherefore，hewon’tgive

awayoursecret.

泄露⁠泄露giveintowillIgiveupmydream语境辨义①Althoughhewasamanfullofvigour，hisstrengthstillgave

out

becauseoftoomuchwork.

精疲力竭

⁠精疲力竭【写美】

完成句子③ItooktheCollegeEntranceExaminationand

committedmyselftogetting

⁠intocollege.

我参加了高考，并决心进入大学。④Ifyou

commityourselftoyourstudy

⁠，you’llsucceedoneday.

如果你专注于自己的学业，终有一天你会取得成功。committedmyselftogettingcommityourselftoyourstudy①Hewasagoodmanwhowas

committed

⁠

（commit）tohisfamilyaswellastohiswork.②Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship，youshouldmakea

commitment

⁠

（commit）.committedcommitmentbecommittedto致力于commitoneselfto(doing)致力于⁠

⁠commitment

/kəˈmɪtmənt/n.承诺；保证；奉献【教材原句】Andhepaidusbackbyhiscommitmenttosaveusfrom

aslowbutpainfuldeath.他用他的承诺回报了我们——把我们从缓慢而痛苦的死亡线上拯救回来。【派生】commitvt.(-tt-)

犯罪；做错事；保证；承诺committed

adj.

尽心尽力的；尽责的;坚定的，坚信的(OPP.un~)【固搭】（1）makeacommitment（todosth）

作出承诺（做某事）commitoneselfto(doing)sth专心致志于（做）某事；承诺/保证（做）某事becommittedto（doing）sth

承诺/全身心地投入（做）某事重点句型解构⁠

⁠句型公式：keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语：使...怎么样【教材原句】Our

disciplin/ˈdɪsəplɪn/纪律andteamspirit

kept

us

optimisticandhelpedusdealwithourfearsinapositiveandsuccessfulway.纪律和团队精神使我们保持乐观，并帮助我们积极成功地应对恐惧感。在keep复合结构（keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语）中，可以用作宾语补足语的有动词-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词以及介词短语。

①Thechallengingpuzzle拼图；谜

kept

her

thinkingforhours，butshestillcouldn’tfindtheanswer.②Pleasekeep

your

hands

behind

your

back.单句语法填空①Itisnecessarythatwekeeptheyounggeneration

informed

⁠

（inform）of通知thecurrent现在、当前的affairs事务，事宜.②Thequestionkeptme

wondering

⁠

（wonder）fortherestofthenight一整晚.③Hekeptthedoor

locked

⁠

（lock）alldaywhilehewasaway.informedwonderinglocked完成句子④Itcanpreventusfrom

gettingshort-sightedanditcan

keepusphysicallyhealthy

⁠.

它能够使我们免于近视，而且能使我们保持身体健康。keepusphysicallyhealthyUsinglangugaeP42-45rough/rʌf/-roughlynavigator/ˈnævɪɡeɪtə(r)/-navigate(vt.)-navigation(n.)

loyal/ˈlɔɪəl/-loyaltymotor/ˈməʊtə(r)/candidate/ˈkændɪdət/makefiregiveoffepisode/ˈepɪsəʊd/commit(todoing)-committed(todoing)-commitmentmotive/ˈməʊtɪv/(for)-motivate-motivationConfucianism/kənˈfjuːʃənɪzəm/rough/rʌf/

adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的roughly

adv.大约，大致，差不多；粗糙地；粗暴地

Roughlyspeaking,wereceiveaboutfiftylettersaweekonthesubject.粗略地说navigator

n.领航员；航行者navigate

v.导航；确定（船、飞机、汽车等）的位置和方向

航行；航海；横渡navigation

n.航行，导航loyal

adj.忠诚的；忠实的

loyalty

n.

忠诚

aloyalfriend/supporter

忠实的朋友/支持者beloyaltosb对……忠诚motor

/ˈməʊtə(r)/

n.发动机；马达

adj.有引擎的；机动车的motorvehicles

机动车辆amotoraccident

机动车事故motorbike=motorcyclen.摩托车candidate

/ˈkændɪdət/

n.候选人；应试者apresidentialcandidate

总统候选人acandidate

forsth某职位的候选人She'stheperfectcandidateforthejob.makefire

生火makeafire生火[fire(C)火灾，灶火]着火，开始燃烧：catch/takefirebe

on

fire

纵火/点火烧某物：setsthonfire/setfiretosthplay