新教材英语选择性学案Unit5第二课时Usinglanguage

第二课时UsinglanguageⅠ.词汇初探1．characteristicn.特征；特点；品质→charactern.角色；人物2．declinev．衰退；下降；减少3．blamev.责备；谴责n.过失；责备4．primitiveadj.原始的，低等的5．worldwideadv.遍及全世界6．giantadj.巨大的7．tortoisen.陆龟8．spinen.刺，刺毛Ⅱ.短语互译1．源于……的；原产于……be_native_to2．把……归咎于……blame...on...3．最后，终于in_the_end4．尤其地，特别地in_particular5．抵抗；击退fight_off6．bycontrast相比之下7．sofar到目前为止8．carryout实施9．behometo是……的栖息地10．beharmfulto对……有害Ⅲ.经典句式There_is_evidence_thatallthedifferentiguanashavedevelopedfrommoreprimitiveonesandshareamonancestor.(P55)有证据表明，所有不同的鬣蜥都是从更原始的鬣蜥进化而来，并有着共同的祖先。Ⅳ.语法初探——单句语法填空1．Ihad_hoped(hope)tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage，butIcouldn'tmanageit.2．Whentheyfirstcametothecity,myparentsoftenwenttoneighborsforatalk,justastheyhad_done(do)inthecountryside.3．Silkhad_bee(bee)oneoftheprimarygoodstradedalongtheSilkRoadbyabout100BC.4．Shehad_changed(change)herhairstyleinherhometownbeforeshecametoChongqingforabetterjob.5．Nosoonerhadhegot(get)homethanItoldhimtheinspiringnews.6．ItwasthreeyearssinceJackhad_been(be)ateacher.1eq\a\vs4\al(blamen.过失，责备v.责备)[教材原句]TheextinctionofthePintaIslandtortoiseisblamedonhumans.(P53)平塔岛龟的灭绝归咎于人类。eg.Policeareblamingtheaccidentondangerousdriving.警方把事故归咎于危险驾驶。[归纳拓展](1)blamesb./sth.forsth.因某事而责备某人/某事blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人头上betoblame(forsth.)(因某事)受到指责(2)taketheblame(for)(为……)承担责任lay/puttheblame(forsth.)onsb.(把某事)归咎于某人[即时巩固]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theyblamedhimfortheaccidenthappeningtheotherday.②Don'talwaysblameyourownfailureonothers.Sometimesyouyourselfareto_blame(blame)．③Thegovernmentwillhavetotake_the_blame_forthepollution.政府将不得不对这次污染承担责任。2eq\a\vs4\al(declinen.&v.衰退；下降；减少；减弱；谢绝；婉拒)[教材原句]Aftergoatsinparticularhadbeenbroughttotheisland，thePintaIslandtortoisepopulationdeclined.(P53)特别是山羊被带到岛上后，平塔岛龟的数量减少了。eg.Herhealthwasdecliningrapidly.她的健康状况在迅速恶化。[归纳拓展](1)beindecline处于下降、衰退中onthedecline在下坡路上；在衰退(减少)(2)declinetodosth.拒绝做某事declineby/to下降了/到……declineanoffer/invitation拒绝请求/谢绝邀请[易混辨析]decline“婉言拒绝，谢绝”，相当于refusepolitely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人refuse语气比decline重，主语可以是人也可以是物。一般指否决、不予接受(建议、提议、想法和要求等)reject比refuse语气更重，指坚决、果断、坦率地拒绝，意为“抛弃；拒收；不采纳”[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Thenumberofpeoplewhoruntheredlighthasbeenonthedeclinesincethenewtrafficregulationscameintoeffect.②Thenumberoftouriststotheresortdeclinedby10%lastyearto5million.③Theofficeratfirstdeclinedto_make(make)astatementaboutthisincident,butlatersheagreedunderthepressureofpublicopinion.3eq\a\vs4\al(remainvi.仍然是；留下；剩余n.[pl.]剩余物)[教材原句]Eventually，onlyGeorgeremained.(P53)最后，只有乔治留了下来。eg.Verylittleofthehouseremainedafterthefire.火灾过后，房子所剩无几。[归纳拓展](1)remaintobedone有待/尚需/尚未……Itremainstobeseen...……拭目以待；……有待证实remainunchanged保持不变(2)remainingadj.剩下的theremainingmoney剩余的钱remainsn.剩余物；遗址[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Thepassengerremainedseated(seat)untilthebuscametoapletestop.②Whilethere'salotofpromise,theresultremainsto_be_seen(see)．③Theboyboughtsomeflowerswiththeremaining(remain)money.4eq\a\vs4\al(nativeadj.本国的；本地的n.本地人；本国人)[教材原句]TheGiantTortoiseReserveonSantaCruzishometoseveralspeciesofgianttortoisethatarenativetotheGalápagosIslands.(P55)圣克鲁斯岛上的巨型乌龟保护区是加拉帕戈斯岛上几种土生土长的巨型乌龟的家园。[归纳拓展]benativeto原产于……anativeof...……的人[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Itiswell­knownthatthepandaisnativetoChina.②MrSmith,anativeofNewYork,cametoChinatogiveEnglishlessonsatJiangnan1eq\a\vs4\al(intheend最后；终于)[教材原句]Intheend,hedevelopedabettertypeofrice.(P53)最后，他研制出了一种更好的大米。eg.Hetriedvariousjobsandintheendbecameanaccountant.他尝试过各种各样的工作，最后当上了会计。[归纳拓展](1)attheendof在……尽头；在……末端bytheendof到……结束时；到……时候为止(常与完成时态连用)(2)eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(put/bring...toanendputanendto...))使……结束etoanend完成；结束atanend结束；终结(3)make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵；量入为出(4)endupwith以……结束endupdoing最终做某事[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Thelonghotsummerwasatlastatanend!②Themeetingcametoanendandhesetdownmanykeypoints.③Atfirstherefusedtoacceptanyresponsibilitybutheendedupapologizing(apologize)．2eq\a\vs4\al(beharmfulto对……有害)[教材原句]Bacteriaarealwaysharmfultohumans.(P54)细菌对人类总是有害的。[归纳拓展](1)harmn.&vt.损害；危害dosb./sth.harm(＝doharmtosb./sth.)对……造成伤害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.做某事无害处(2)harmfuladj.有害的 harmlessadj.无害的[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Asweallknow,smokingisharmful(harm)tohealth.②Staringatthescreenoftheputerwilldoharmtoyoureyes.③Thereisnoharmingivinggiftstochildren,buttheyshouldnotberewards.3eq\a\vs4\al(fightoff抵抗；击退)[教材原句]Ourimmunesystemsareabletofightoffallgerms.(P54)我们的免疫系统能够消灭所有的细菌。eg.Thejewelerwasstabbedashetriedtofighttherobbersoff.珠宝商在试图抵抗强盗时被刺伤了。[归纳拓展]fightfor为……战斗/奋斗fightagainst与……作战fightone'sway奋力前进；努力开辟fightback反击；克制[即时巩固]单句语法填空/完成句子①Themenarefightingforhigherwages.②Shelookedaway,fighting_backhertears.她看着别处，强忍着泪。③Ifought_my_wayintoacarriagejustbeforethedoorclosed.我正好在车门关闭之前挤进了一节车厢。4eq\a\vs4\al(carryout实行；执行；进行；履行诺言、义务等)[教材原句]TheislandisalsohometotheCharlesDarwinResearchStation,wherescientificstudiesarecarriedout.(P55)该岛也是查尔斯·达尔文研究站的所在地，在那里进行科学研究。eg.Weexpecthimtocarryouthispromises.我们期待他履行诺言。[归纳拓展](1)carryoutapromise履行诺言carryoutaplan实施计划(2)carryaway带走；使兴奋carryoff成功地完成(困难的事情)；获得(奖项)carryon(with)继续做；坚持carrythrough渡过(难关等)；完成[即时巩固]单句语法填空/完成句子①Theywillcarryonwiththeirplan.②Hecarriedoffmostoftheprizes.③Determinedtocarry_outtheplanasexpected,theymadeverycarefulpreparations.决心要按预期执行计划，他们做了非常细心的准备。④Hisdeterminationcarriedhimthroughthedifficulty.他靠坚强的决心渡过了难关。Thereisevidencethatallthedifferentiguanashavedevelopedfrommoreprimitiveonesandshareamonancestor.P55有证据表明，所有不同的鬣蜥都是从更原始的鬣蜥进化而来，并有着共同的祖先。[句式分析]Thereisevidencethat...有证据证明……，that引导同位语从句。eg.Thereisnowconvincingevidencethatsmokingcauseslungcancer.现在有令人信服的证据表明吸烟会导致肺癌。[归纳拓展](1)inevidence显眼；显而易见(2)evidentadj.明显的；明白的It'sevidentthat...很明显……(3)evidently明显地；清楚地[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Thereisclearevidencethatthemostdifficultfeelingofalltointerpretisbodilypain.②Itwasevident(evidence)thatshehadoncebeenabeauty.③Evidently(evidence),theSpanishteamwillwinthecup.过去完成时一、过去完成时的构成过去完成时由“had＋过去分词”构成。二、过去完成时的用法1．过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作或存在的状态。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可通过上下文来表示。Whentheexplorerhurriedtothedestination，theothershadalreadyleft.当这名探险者匆忙赶到目的地的时候，其他人已经离开了。Bynineo'clocklastnight，wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到飞船发来的200张图片。2．表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for，since构成的时间状语连用。Hetoldusthathehaddonethescientificresearchfor5years.他告诉我们他做科学研究已经5年了。3．动词think，want，hope，mean，plan，intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法、希望、打算或意图等。Ihadneverthoughtthatyouwerecontenttohelpme.我从未想过你愿意帮我。Wehadhopedtobeabletoeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。4．过去完成时常常用在told，said，knew，heard，thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他说他在国外待了三年了。5．在状语从句中，在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。常由when，before，after，assoonas，till/until引导。WhenIwokeup，ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时，雨已停了。[名师点津]before，after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句多用一般过去时。AfterhearrivedinEngland，heworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.他到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。6．过去完成时的常用固定句型(1)主语＋hadhardly/scarcely/nosooner＋过去分词＋when/than从句(从句用一般过去时)；当hardly，scarcely，nosooner表示否定意义的词位于句首时，主句要倒装。Ihadnosoonerreachedhomethanitbegantorain.＝NosoonerhadIreachedhomethanitbegantorain.我刚到家就下雨了。(2)Itwas＋一段时间＋since从句(从句用过去完成时)ItwasatleastthreemonthssinceIhadleftBeijing.我离开北京至少有3个月了。(3)Itwasthefirst/second/...time＋(that)从句(从句用过去完成时)ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadchattedonlineinEnglish.那是我第一次用英语在网上聊天。(4)主句(过去完成时)＋bythetime...(一般过去时)Wehadgoteverythingreadybythetimetheyarrived.在他们到达之前，我们已经做好一切准备了。(5)句子(过去完成时)＋bytheendof...(表示过去的时间)Bytheendoflastterm，wehadlearnedEnglishatleastforfouryears.到上个学期末，我们至少已经学了四年英语。7．过去完成时与一般过去时的区别(1)一般过去时表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或存在的状态，而过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某个动作之前已经完成的动作，即“过去的过去”，当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前时，常用过去完成时态。Theyhadarrivedattherailwaystationbyteno'clockyesterday.昨天10点之前，他们已经到了火车站。Theyarrivedattherailwaystationatteno'clockyesterday.他们昨天10点到了火车站。(2)一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。WehadlearnedtwoEnglishsongsbytheendoflastweek.到上个星期为止，我们已经学了两首英文歌曲。WelearnedtwoEnglishsongslastweek.上个星期我们学了两首英文歌曲。[即时巩固]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．SheaskedmewhetherIhad_returned(return)thebookstothelibrary,andIadmittedthatIhadn't.2．HeisaprofessorofShandongUniversity.Hestayed(stay)inAmericafor4years.3．—Didyouhavetodomuchforthedinnerparty?—Helenhad_finished(finish)everythingbythetimeIgothome.4．Itwasthesecondtimethathehad_rushed(rush)outoftheclassroomwithoutpermission.5．IwasveryhappytoseeJaneagainyesterday.Wehadn't_seen(notsee)eachotherforsixyears.6．—Hurryup!Yourclassmatesarewaitingforyouattheschoolgate.—Oh!Ithoughttheyhad_gone(go)withoutme.7．Itwasreallyannoying;Icouldn'tgetaccesstothedatabankyouhad_remended(remend)．8．Wehad_hoped(hope)thatyouwoulde,butyoudidn't.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Itwastenyearssincewehad_hadsuchawonderfultime.我们有10年没这么高兴过了。2．Itwasthethirdtime(that)hehad_leftthekeyathome.那是他第三次把钥匙落在家里了。3．Ihad_beenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.我在车站等了20分钟才来了辆公交车。4．Ihadhardlysteppedintotheclassroomwhenthebellrang.我一踏入教室的门，铃就响了。5．BythetimeIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadygone.我到车站时，火车已经开走了。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Perhapsthemostimportantcharacteristic(特征，特性)ofrapmusicisthewaythattheartistssing.2．Iofferedtogivethemalift,buttheydeclined(拒绝)．3．Shedoesn'tblame(责备)anyoneforherfather'sdeath.4．Primitive(原始的)tribeslivedbyfishing，hunting，andgathering.5．Thestoryhasattrac