物流专业英语（第5版） 电子课件 Ch14

IntelligentLogisticsChapter14chapteroutlinePartIAutoidentificationTechnologyMakingSupplyChainVisibleRFIDtracksthecargoanditscontainersRFIDWillEnhanceVisibilityPredictionsforRFIDSolutionsInspectionCertificateofQualityVeterinaryInspectionCertificateWhatisArtificialIntelligence? GrowthofArtificialIntelligenceinLogisticsConclusion

PartII

ArtificialIntelligenceinLogisticsPartIIIAutomationforMaximizedProductioninMeatWarehousingPalletTechnologyStreamlinesHandlingofFrozenandCannedMeatsMulti-deepstorageoffrozenmeatproductsLightGoodsTechnologySpeedsThroughputofFreshMeatsMiniloadCranesProvideEfficientHandlingofMeatProductsMiniloadShuttleSystemsforRapidPickingofDiverseSKUsLightGoodsConveyorsforSeamlessIntegrationWMSforIntegratedSystemControlandProductTrackingPartIAutoidentificationTechnologyMakingSupplyChainVisibleRFIDtracksthecargoanditscontainers

It’s10p.m.Doyouknowwhereyourcontainersare?Infact,therearemorethan200millionseacargocontainersorigineveryyearamongtheworld’sseaports.Whenthecontainersareunloadedfromships,theycontinuetheirjourneyfromportsonthebackoftrucksortrains.Aone-TEUcontainercanholdabout47,900lbsofcargo.WhileeachcontainerhasitsownpermanentIDnumberpaintedontheside,Identificationofcontainersisslowandpronetoerrors.Ifyouhadtofindonecontaineronadockcontainingover1,000containers,youwouldhavetoreadeachIDnumberuntilyoufoundtheoneyouwanted.Trackingcontainersisjustonepartofthelargerproductidentificationprobleminsupplychainmanagement.Barcodetechnologydevelopedin1970swasaninitialfirststeptowardsautomatingtheidentificationofgoods.Butitrequiredhumansorsometimesmachinestoscanproducts.Theproblemwithbarcodesisthattheydon’ttalk—theyarepassivelabelsthatmustbereadorscanned.Radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)isthenewtechnologytoreplacebarcodesamongthelargestmanufacturingandretailingfirms.RFIDinvolvestheuseoftagsattachedtoproductsorproductcontainersthattransmitaradiosignalinthe850megahertzto2.5gigahertzrangethatcontinuouslyidentifiesthemselvestoradioreceiversinwarehouses,factories,retailfloors,oronboardships.OneofthemostimportantadvantageofRFID,insteadoflookingatawarehousefilledwiththousandsofpackagesthatcan’ttalk,isthatyoucouldlistentothesesamethousandsofpackageseachchirpingauniquecode,identifyingthemselvestoyou.Findingthesinglepackageyouarelookingforismuchsimplified.RFIDtagsproduceasteadystreamofdatathatcanbeenteredintoInternet-andIntranet-basedcorporateapplicationssuchasSCMandERPSystem.MajorcomputerfirmssuchasMicrosoft,IBM,andHPinvestedoverhundredsofmillionsofdollarseachin2010stodevelopRFIDsoftwaretolinkitsdatatofirms’SCMsystems.Wal-Mart,oneoftheworld’slargestretailers,hasmadeitstopsuppliersplaceRFIDtagsonallcasesandpalletsheadedforthefirm’sdistributioncenters.NowaboutallWal-MartstoresandmostdistributioncentersareRFID-enabled,andintroducedfarmoresophisticatedelectronicIDtagstotrackindividualitemsofgood.Wal-Martplacesso-calledremovable“smarttags”oneachpieceofproduct.Asadoptionofthetechnologyincreases,RFIDwillhaveaprofoundimpactonB2Be-commercebyreducingthecostoftrackinggoodsthroughindustrysupplychains,reducingerrors,andincreasingthechancesthattherightproductwillbesenttotherightcustomer.RFIDcanhelpfortifyvisibilitywithbetterdatagranularityandmoretimelyupdates.RFIDgoesbeyondthetraditionalbarcodeproductidentificationtooffercriticalinformation,suchastheproductsource,destination,andexpirationdate.RFIDdatacanhelpcombatcounterfeitingandsupplychainsecuritybreaches.RFIDWillEnhanceVisibilityEffectiveuseofRFIDdatarequirestradingpartnerstoshareandrespondtosignificantsupplyanddemandindicators.UsercompaniesmustfocusoncertainsupplychainprocesseslikeinboundlogisticsororderfulfillmentanddeterminehowRFIDcanenhanceit.TouseRFIDdatatostrengthenthisvisibility,acollaborationfoundationisneededintheprocessesbelow:Promotionalreplenishment-Collaboratingonapromotionaleventpresentsabiggerchallengeforsuppliersandretailers.Theseeventsoftenresultinademandincreaseforthepromotedproductaswellasmoresubtlesideeffects-suchasahaloordisruptioneffect-forotherproducts.TouseRFIDinpromotions,acompanylikeTropicanamustfirstestablishacollaborativerelationshipwithkeyretailpartnerstoplan,execute,andmeasurethesuccessofpromotionalevents.Suppliermanagement-Manufacturersarestartingtosharesalesororderforecastsandtransportationplanswiththeirsupplierstobetterrespondtotheircustomers’demand.ComputermakerDellhascreditedmuchofitssupplychainsupremacytocollaborativerelationshipswithitssuppliersthatenableittoorderjust-in-timeinventorytomeetitscustomers’demand.ThisrelationshipcanbefurtherstrengthenedwithRFID-baseddatatoprovidethecomputermakerwithbetterinboundinventoryvisibilityfromitssuppliers.Transportationmanagement-Manufacturersandretailersrequiretheirtransportationproviderstooffervisibilityofin-transitinventoryandpotentialcapacityshortages,aswellasmanagepickupanddeliverytoavoidbottlenecksatshippers’andconsignees’dockdoors.Manycompaniesinformallycollaboratewiththeircarrierstogainthatvisibility.Facedwiththenewhours-of-servicerules,logisticsleaderslikeSchneiderLogisticscanleverageRFIDtogainmoreassetvisibility-intransitandatitsyard-tooptimizeitsdrivers’timeondutyandmeetitscustomers’demandforontimepickupanddelivery.Visibilityinwarehousesenables:•Laborcostminimization•WarehousemanagementTransportationvisibilityenables:•In-transitinventorymanagement•Trailer/assetmanagementSuppliervisibilityenables:•Vendor-managedinventory•SuppliercollaborativereplenishmentDemandvisibilityenables:•Orderfulfillment•Vendordrop-ship•Direct-to-storedeliveryManufacturingvisibilityenables:•Work-in-processmaterialmanagement•Finishedgoodsplanning•ReplenishmentplanningFig.1UsersSeekVisibilityAcrosstheSupplyChainPredictionsforRFIDSolutionsBeingpushedbyRFIDmandates,vendorslikeManhattanAssociatesarerushingtomarketwithsolutionsthatcollect,manage,anduseRFIDdataindistributioncenters.ButthesesolutionswillfailtosustainRFID-enabledvisibilitywithintheenterpriseandamongtradingpartners.Forexample,acompanylikeInternationalPapermightuseRFIDtotagpaperrollstoverifydeliveryatitscustomers’locations,thusgainingvisibilityofcustomerfulfillmentandspeedingitsbillingprocess.Inthiscase,RFIDdatawillbecommunicatedtodisparateapplications,suchasfinancialsystems,ERPs,warehousemanagementsystems,andtransportationmanagementsystems.ToensuretheavailabilityofRFIDdatainsupplychainsolutionsmeansthat:Middleproviderswillofferrobustbusinessprocessmanagement-ProviderswillexpandtheirsolutionsbusinessprocessmanagementtocontrolthedistributionofRFIDdata,withminimalchangestothereceivingapplications.Forexample,tosatisfyhigherdemand,HersheyFoodsmightcontractadditionaltemporarylogisticsproviders.Hersheywillneedtoadjustthebusinesslogicinitsmiddlewarelayertoallowfordatareadsfromtheseproviders,filterthedata,andcommunicatesignificantdriverstoitsretailercustomers.3PLsanddistributorswillofferRFIDservicestosmallerpartners-AfterretailleaderslikeTargetmandateRFIDadoptionwiththeirtopsuppliers,theywillsoonrequirethesamefromtheirsmallerpartners.Buttier2suppliersdonothavethetechnicalorfinancialresourcestocomplywiththeserequirements.Inadditiontotheirtraditionalservices,logisticsproviderslikeUPSLogisticsTechnologieswilljumpontheopportunitytooffersupplierslikeCrayolamakerBinney&Smithandtheirretailpartnersacost-effectivecommonsolutiontocollect,filter,andcommunicatetherequiredRFIDinventoryandassetdata.NewWordsandPhrases

Intranet 内联网Permanent/ˈpɜːmənənt/adj.(permanent) 永久的；长期不变的；proneto 有…倾向的；易于；倾向于chirp/tʃɜːp/n.v. （虫鸟）鸣叫声；（通信）啁啾声；（虫鸟）

吱喳而鸣pallet/ˈpælɪt/n. 托盘；栈板；货盘sophisticated/səˈfɪstɪˌkeɪtɪd/adj. 复杂的；精致的；富有经验的profound/prəˈfaʊnd/adj. 深厚的；意义深远的fortify/ˈfɔːtɪfaɪ/vt.vi. 加强；增强；筑防御工事in-transitinventory 在途库存counterfeit/ˈkaʊntəfɪt/adj.v.n. 伪造的，假冒的；伪造，仿造；仿冒品breach/briːtʃ/n.vt. 违背，违反；缺口；破坏；打破subtle/ˈsʌtl/adj. 微妙的；精细的；敏感的；狡猾的；稀薄的asset/ˈæset/n. 资产；优点；有用的东西robust/rəˈbʌst/adj. 强健的；健康的drivers/ˈdraɪvə/n. 驱动程序，驱动器complywith 遵守；照做；遵从Theworldoftechnologyisgrowingsofast,thateachbusinesssectoraroundtheglobehasimplementedadvancedtechnologiesineachstrategyandbusinessmodel.Hereishowartificialintelligencehasbeenimplementedinlogistics.

PartIIArtificialIntelligenceinLogisticsWhatisArtificialIntelligence?Tobebrief,artificialintelligencecanbedefinedasthetheoreticalanddevelopmentalaspectsofcomputer-controlledsystems.Theuniqueaspectofartificialintelligenceisitsproficiencyindoingtaskswithmuchmorecapabilityandpotentialthanahumanbrain.Thecurrentworldofglobalbusinessnetworksisthrivingonthegroundsofadvancedartificialintelligenceoperatedtasksandactions.Itisoneofthelatestprogressingindustriesinthelogisticsworld.ArtificialIntelligence(AI)inlogisticsisunquestionablyplayingasignificantandcentralroleofoperation.Thecorefunctionalitiesofthisindustryaregettingcomplicatedandabsolutelydata-driven.HerearethetopfivewaysinwhichArtificialIntelligenceistransformingthelogisticsindustry.PredictiveCapabilitiesSkyrocket.ThecapabilitiesofAIareseriouslyupgradingcompanyefficienciesintheareasofpredictivedemandandnetworkplanning.Forexample,byknowingwhattoexpect,theycandecreasethenumberoftotalvehiclesneededfortransportanddirectthemtothelocationswherethedemandisexpected,whichleadstosignificantlyloweroperationalcosts.Thetechisusingdatatoitsfullpotentialtobetteranticipateevents,avoidrisksandcreatesolutions.Thisallowsorganizationstomodifyhowresourcesareusedformaximumbenefit-andArtificialIntelligencecandotheseequationsmuchfasterandmoreaccuratethaneverbefore.GrowthofArtificialIntelligenceinLogisticsForexample,DHLanalyzes58differentparametersofinternaldatatocreateamachinelearningmodelforairfreight.Ratherthansubjectiveguesswork,thismethodallowsfreightforwarderstopredictiftheaveragedailytransittimeisexpectedtoriseorfalluptoaweekinadvance.Furthermore,thissolutioncanidentifyotherfactorswhichcouldinfluenceshipmentdelayslikeclimateandoperationalvariables.Suchinsightsareincrediblyvaluableinasectorlikeairfreight.Forexample,DHLanalyzes58differentparametersofinternaldatatocreateamachinelearningmodelforairfreight.Ratherthansubjectiveguesswork,thismethodallowsfreightforwarderstopredictiftheaveragedailytransittimeisexpectedtoriseorfalluptoaweekinadvance.Furthermore,thissolutioncanidentifyotherfactorswhichcouldinfluenceshipmentdelayslikeclimateandoperationalvariables.Suchinsightsareincrediblyvaluableinasectorlikeairfreight.Ingeneral,thepredictiveanalyticssolutionsinlogisticsandsupplychainareontherise.However,whilethetechnologyisavailable,thereisstillascarcityofpeoplewhocanmakesenseoutoftheincompleteandlow-qualitydata,whichisthecasecommonlypresentedinthelogisticsindustrynow.Onlyafewlargestcompaniescanaffordtohireawholeteamofdatascienceprofessionalstodevelopsuchatool,asinthecaseofUPS.Meanwhile,otherplayerscanalsobenefitfromAIpredictivecapabilitiesbyimplementingalreadyavailablesolutions.AIanalysiscanalsobeusedtosafeguardagainstrisk.AnothergoodexamplefromDHListheirplatformwhichmonitorsmorethan8milliononlineandsocialmediapoststoidentifypotentialsupplychainproblems.Throughadvancedmachinelearningandnaturallanguageprocessingthesystemcanunderstandthesentimentofonlineconversationsandidentifypotentialmaterialshortages,accessissuesandsupplierstatus.Robotics.ArtificialIntelligencerelateswiththefieldofrobotics，whicharealreadyembeddedinsidethesupplychain.TracticaResearchestimatesthattheworldwidesalesofwarehousingandlogisticsrobotswillreach$27.4bytheendof2025.Robotsarelocating,tracking,andmovinginventoryinsidewarehouses,andareconveyingandsortingoversizedpackagesatgrounddistributionhubs.AgoodexampleofsupplychainroboticsistheworkofstartupFizyr.TheDutchdeeptechcompanyisinthebusinessofautomatinglogisticsgloballyandputtingrobotstowork.Fizyrincorporatestheirdeeplearningalgorithmsintoroboticsandbringsautonomousdecision-makingtoprocessesthatinvolveidentifying,analyzing,counting,pickingandmanipulatinggoods.Pickingisoneofthemostlabor-intensivepartsofthelogisticprocess,soFizyrhascreatedasolutionwhichallowstherobottoidentifypackagetype-inlessthan0.2seconds-andphysicallymovetheitemtothedesiredlocation.Big,cleandata.TheArtificialIntelligenceanswerisnotonlyaboutrobots.ThepowerofBigDataisallowinglogisticscompaniestoforecasthighlyaccurateoutlooksandoptimizefutureperformance.TheinsightsofBigData,especiallywhengeneratedbyAI,canimprovemanysidesofthesupplychainlikerouteoptimizationandsupplychaintransparency.Justlookatreal-worldexamples:likeUPSsaving10milliongallonsoffuelannuallybyoptimizingtheirroutes,orhowcompaniesaregettingsmarterwithlast-miledeliveries.Theindustryunderstandshowbigofachangebigdatawillbring:accordingtoThirdPartyLogisticsStudy,81percentofshippersand86percentofthird-partylogisticscompaniesbelievethatusingBigDataeffectivelywillbecome“acorecompetencyoftheirsupplychainorganizations”.Why?Becauselogisticsectoriscomplex,dynamicandreliesonmanymovingparts.BigDatahelpstooverseeeverything.Computervision.Anothersetofeyesisalwaysabonuswhenmovingcargoaroundtheworld-andthisisespeciallytruewhenthoseeyesareconnectedtostate-of-the-arttechnology.Computervision-basedAIisallowingustoseethingsinnewways.AccordingtologisticsgiantDHL,visualinspectionpoweredbyAIisidentifying“damage,classifyingthedamagetype,anddeterminingtheappropriatecorrectiveaction”fasterthaneverbefore.IBMWatsonisaprimeexampleofwhatcanbepossiblewithAIvision.Themachinehadbeenprogrammedtoidentifywhatdamagedtrainwagonslookedlike.Thenwhencameraswereinstalledalongtraintrackstogatherimagesofthewagons,IBMWatsonquicklygatheredandprocessedtheirstatus.Withinashortperiodoftime,therobot’svisualrecognitioncapabilitiesareimprovedtoanaccuracyrateofmorethan90percent.AnothergoodexamplefromretailgiantAmazon,whoutilizecomputervisionsystemswhichcanhelptounloadatrailerofinventoryinonly30minutescomparedtohourswithoutusingsuchsystems.Autonomousvehicles.Whiledriverlesstrucksmaystillneedmoretime,high-techdrivingassistanceiscomingtothelogisticsindustrytoincreasesafetyandefficiency.Roadhaulageissetforbigchangeswithhighwayautopilot,lane-assistandassistedbraking

featurespredictedtoleadthewaytotrueautonomy.Betterdrivingsystemsalreadyallowformultipletruckstodriveinformationtolowerfuelconsumption.Theseformations,controlledbycomputerswhichcommunicatewithoneanotherinamethodcalledplatooning,followcloselybehindothertrucksintheirfleet.Suchdrivingformationshavebeenprovedtosavefueluseby4.5percentfortheleadtruck,and10percentforthefollowingtruck.Inthemeantime,companieslikeTesla,DaimlerandVolkswagenareworkingonfullyautonomoussolutions.ConclusionThesefiveindustrychangesaregroundbreaking,buttheyarejustthetipoftheiceberg.ThemostexcitingthingaboutAIinlogisticsistherearemanymorethanjustfiveapplicationsimpactingtheindustry.Thetechishavingaholisticimpactonthewayweship-andtheforthcomingyearsanddecadesaresuretobringmorecollaborationbetweenlogisticscompaniesandstartupstodeliverevenmoreadvancement.implement/ˈɪmpləment/n.vt. 工具，手段；实施，执行thrive/θraɪv/vi. 繁荣，兴旺；茁壮成长data-driven/ˈdeɪtədrɪvn/adj. 依照数据处理的；数据驱动skyrocket/ˈskaɪˌrɒkɪt/n.v. 冲天火箭；（价格）飞涨，猛涨predictive/prɪˈdɪktɪv/adj. 预言性的；预测parameters/pəˈræmɪtə/n. 参数，参量，特征（parameter的复数）algorithms

/ˈælɡərɪðəms/n. [计][数]算法；算法式（algorithm的复数）manipulate/məˈnɪpjəleɪt/vt. 操纵；巧妙地处理labor-intensive/ˈleɪbərɪnˈtensɪv/adj. 劳动密集型utilize/ˈjuːtəlaɪz/vt. 利用；运用；使用haulage/ˈhɔːlɪdʒ/n. 拖运；拖曳；运费autopilot/ˈɔːtəʊˌpaɪlət/n. [航]自动导航装置，即automaticpilotplatoon/pləˈtuːn/n. 排，团；一组holistic/həʊˈlɪstɪk/adj. 整体的；全盘的NewWordsandPhrasesPartIIIAutomationforMaximizedProductioninMeatWarehousingPalletTechnologyStreamlinesHandlingofFrozenandCannedMeatsMeatproductmanufacturersneedtoprovideincreasinglyefficientstorageandthroughputofhighvolumeSKUs,suchasfrozenandcannedmeats,storedinwarehousesonpallets.Forhandlingtheseloads,ASRS,roboticlayerpickingandothertechnologiesarebecomingmorewidelyutilizedtospeedthroughput,improvecostefficiencyandmaintainmorepreciseproducttracking.Multi-deepstorageoffrozenmeatproductsASRSforHigh-DensityPalletHandling-ASRSarecomputercontrolledsystemsforautomaticallydepositing,storingandretrievingpalletsfromdefinedstoragelocations.Theyallowinventorytobemovedquickly,safelyandpreciselywithinawarehouseenvironment.High-baysystemsoptimizecubicspaceusage,notonlybytheirverticalstackingcapability,butalsobyminimizingaislecubicfootage.Byeliminatingtheneedforforklifttrucks,aislescanbemadesignificantlymorenarrow,allowingupto3.7-meter(12-feet)wideaislestobecomejust1.5-meter(5-feet)wide.Thisspacecanthenbeusedformorepalletpositions.Thelatestgenerationofautomatedpalletcranesprovideauniquelyflexibleandmodulardesignthatisequippedwithamultiloadpallethandlingcapability,idealformovingpalletsofmeatinambienttemperatureanddeep-freezeenvironments.High-baywarehousesareusedforhigh-volumeSKUs,whereasminiloadsystemsareappliedforfastermovingfreshmeatproductstransportedintotesorcrates.TheseASRSsystemsallowrapidconfigurationtotherightstorageandretrievalneedforanymeatstorageapplication.Fromfloorleveltoupto40meters(131feet)tall,moststackercranescanprovidesingle-deep,double-deep,triple-deepandmulti-deeppalletstacking,withtheflexibilitytohandleoneloadatatimeormultiloads.Whenapalletisontheloadhandlingdeviceitiscarriedoffthepalletcraneintotherack.ConventionalASRSmachinesonlygooneortwopalletsdeep,usingaforkattachedtothemachine.Butsomesystemscangothreepalletsdeeputilizingatelescopefork.Then,withasatelliteremoteunittheycanrunapallet12meters(40feet)intotherack,asmuchas10palletsdeepormore.RoboticLayerPickingAcceleratesOrderFulfillment-Meatproducers,facedwiththeincreasingdemandforlessthanfullpalletdeliveries,canachieveafirstlevelofautomationwithroboticlayerpicking.TherobotcanefficientlybuildlayersofdifferentSKUsonapalletintheexactorderquantitiesanddeliverysequencesrequiredbyretailers.Thesystemoperateswithahighlevelofflexibilityanderror-freepicking.PalletConveyorsEnsureFlexibility-Transportingpalletsthroughoutthemeatwarehousewithoptimumflexibilityandefficiencyrequiresmodularconveyorsystemscapableofcontinuousoperationinchilled,deep-freezeandambienttemperatureenvironments.Suchconveyorsystemsprovideauniqueflexibilityforintegratingautomatedsystemswithinthemeatwarehouseintoacontinuousfluidthroughput.Inadditiontoconnectingmajormaterialhandlingsystemslikehigh-bayASRS,theseconveyorsenableauniqueflexibilityofconfigurationwithelementslikechainconveyors,rollerconveyors,transferunits,turntables,verticalconveyors,andpalletcarriersanddispenserswithinvarioussectionsofthewarehouse.Fastturnaroundofchilled,freshmeatproductsanddelimeatsrequiresefficienthandlingwithtimelyprecision.Freshmeatproductsmustmovethroughthewarehouse,fromstoragethroughpickingandshipping,withatypicalturnaroundtimeoflessthantwodays.Specializedautomatedsystemsforhandlinglightgoodsintotesandcratesprovidethehighthroughputandsuperiorefficiencyrequired.LightGoodsTechnologySpeedsThroughputofFreshMeatsMiniloadCranesProvideEfficientHandlingofMeatProducts–Miniloadcranesystemsofvariousconfigurationsandcapabilitiesareequippedtopickandmovetotes/cratesandcasesofmeatproducts.Theyemploylightweight,high-speedcranesthattransportindividualcases,totesortrayssupportinggoods-to-personpickstations.Asresult,hightoteandcasepickthroughputinthemeatwarehouseenvironmentcanberealized.MiniloadShuttleSystemsforRapidPickingofDiverseSKUs–Somerecentlyintroducedversionsofminiloadshuttlesystemshavesignificantlyincreasedspeedoforderprocessing,atconstanthighaccuracy.Thesesystemsprovideveryhigh