河南省驻马店市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题（含答案解析）

驻马店市2023—2024学年度高三年级期末统一考试英语注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.Whatdoesthewomanasktheboytostopdoing?A.Gettingoutoftheelevator.B.Goingtotheplayground.C.Jumpingintheelevator.2.Whatwillhappenaboutthecitycenter?A.Therewillbemorepollution.B.Therewillbemoreparkingareas.C.Therewillbemorebicycletracks.3.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash.B.Bycreditcard.C.Bycheck.4.Whyisthewomanunsatisfiedwiththefish?A.Ittastesterrible.B.Itisservedtoolate.C.It’snotwhatsheordered.5.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inarestaurant.B.Atagasstation.C.Inatheatre.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Whodoesthemanwanttospeakto?A.MaryJones.B.DavidBowie.C.JackStewart.7.Whenwillthetrainingcoursestart?A.OnJune12th.B.OnJuly12th.C.OnJuly22nd.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.Howmuchistherentfortheextralargetentperday?A.$10.B.$50.C.$60.9.Whatwillthemandonext?A.Reserveatent.B.Lookforacampingsite.C.Changehiscampingplan.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whenwillthemanvisitthecampus?A.OnMondaymorning.B.OnMondayafternoon.C.OnTuesdayafternoon.11.Whichyearofcollegearethespeakersprobablyinnow?A.Thefirstyear.B.Thesecondyear.C.Thethirdyear.12.WhatactivitywillthemantakepartinonTuesdaymorning?A.LibraryTour.B.CareersLecture.C.StudentUnionInduction.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13Whatpositionisthemanapplyingfor?A.Amusicteacher.B.Aradiohost.C.ATVproducer.14.Whatdoesthemansayaboutsendinge-mails?A.Heisgoodatit.B.Heneedstimetopracticeit.C.Heprefersmakingphonecallstoit.15.Whatdoesthejobinvolveaccordingtothewoman?A.Alotoftraffic.B.Gettingupearly.C.Dealingwithcomplaints.16.Whoappearsintheman’sreferencelist?A.Hisformerboss.B.Hisformercolleague.C.Hisformerclassmate.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whenwilltheracebeheldthisyear?A.OnMay11th.B.OnMay23rd.C.OnMay24th.18.Wheredoestheracestart?A.Atthefootballground.B.Onthenorthsideofthepark.CAtthemainentranceofthepark.19.Whatcaneveryrunnergetthisyear?A.AT-shirt.B.Apairofrunningshoes.C.Awaterbottle.20.Whocanrunintheracefreeofcharge?A.Childrenbetween8and15.B.Childrenundertheageof8.C.Adultswhohaveregisteredinadvance.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACulturalWebsitesAncientGreeceThisisaguidewithrichinformationandpicturestoAncientGreece,coveringart,architecture,politics,Olympics,geography,historyandothertopics.Thephotogallerywithbird’s-eyeimagesofGreekartisofnote.Contentsincludemaps,biographiesandrelatedlinks,thoughlittleinthewayofengagingmultimedia.Thewebsitelastupdatedin2008,andsomelinksarebroken.GettyGetty,anonlinemuseum,focusesonthevisualartsandservesbothgeneralaudiencesandspecializedprofessionals.ItsResearchLibraryisaccessibletobothon-siteandfar-awayusers.TheExploreArtpartpermitsyoutolookthroughmanyoftheworksofartonshow.Youcanalsoviewpresentorpastexhibitions.Therearealsotopicsfordiscussiononmanysidesofartandarthistory.LibraryofCongressThewebsitecontainsmainsourcematerialsconnectingtothehistoryandcultureoftheUnitedStates.Itoffersmorethan7milliondigitalartworksfrommorethan100historicalcollections.YoucanselectcollectionstosearchandexploreteachingandlearningideaswithAmericanmemory.InternetHistorySourcebooksProjectThewebsiteiswonderfulcollectionsofpublicareaandcopy-permittedhistoricaltextsforeducationaluse.Withpagesdesignedspecificallytohelpteachersandstudents,itcontainshundredsofwell-organizedsourcesandalsoincludeslinkstovisualandhearingmaterials,asartandarcheologyplayanimportantroleinthestudyofancienthistory.1HowisAncientGreecedifferentfromotherwebsites?A.Itcoversart. B.Itsrenewalissuspended.C.Itstopicsincludehistory. D.Itcontainshistoricalculture.2.WhatcanvisitorsdointheExploreArtpartofGetty?A.Viewartworksondisplay. B.Purchaseartpiecesonline.C.ServetheResearchLibrary. D.Jointhescientificdiscussion.3.Whatdothelasttwowebsiteshaveincommon?A.Theyfocusonancientscience. B.Theyprovideteachingmaterials.C.TheydealwithAmericanissues. D.Theyhaveseveralhundredpages.【答案】1.B2.A3.B【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍了四个与文化有关的网站。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据AncientGreece部分中的“Thewebsitelastupdatedin2008,andsomelinksarebroken.(该网站上次更新于2008年，部分链接已损坏)”可知，AncientGreece与其他网站不同的是，它暂停更新了，最近一次更新是在2008年，故选B。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据Getty部分中的“TheExploreArtpartpermitsyoutolookthroughmanyoftheworksofartonshow.(“探索艺术”部分允许你浏览许多展出的艺术作品。)”可知，参观者可以在theExploreArtpartofGetty上浏览展出的艺术品，故选A。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据LibraryofCongress部分中的“ThewebsitecontainsmainsourcematerialsconnectingtothehistoryandcultureoftheUnitedStates.(该网站包含与美国历史和文化相关的主要来源材料)”和InternetHistorySourcebooksProject部分中的“Withpagesdesignedspecificallytohelpteachersandstudents,itcontainshundredsofwell-organizedsourcesandalsoincludeslinkstovisualandhearingmaterials,asartandarcheologyplayanimportantroleinthestudyofancienthistory.(页面专门为帮助教师和学生而设计，包含数百个组织良好的资源，还包括视觉和听觉材料的链接，如艺术和考古学在古代历史研究中发挥着重要作用。)”可知，最后两个网站的共同之处在于它们都提供教学资料，故选B。BAsanordinaryman,Ihaveaspecialhabittoconfess.WheneverIwalkdownthestreet,Ioffertopourabottleofwaterfromthenearbyriverintothedirtofastreettree.It’sjustmypersonalhabit,andIthinkitdoesn’tmakeadifference,butI’dliketodoit.ImentionthisinlightofacampaignlaunchedbytheArboriculturalAssociationtocallonthepublictowaternewstreettrees.TheUKgovernmenthascommittedtoplantingmillionsoftreestohelpmeetclimatetargetsandaimstoincreasetreecoverfrom14.5%to16.5%by2050.However,asJohnParker,chiefexecutiveoftheArboriculturalAssociation,says,“Plantingatreeisjustthestartofthestory.Thehealthandsurvivalofnewurbantreesisthreatenedbyincreasinglydryweather.Itisrecommendedthatthenewlyplantedtreesbegivenabout50litresofwaterperweekforthefirstthreeyears.”Whileinruralsettings,thenewlyplantedtreesandwoodscantakecareofthemselvesandadapt,thechallengingconditionsmeantreesintheurbanareasneedabitmorecare.Longago,Iassumedthatthegoodofstreettreeswastosoftenthehardedgesofurbanenvironments.But,whatanunderestimationoftreepowerthatwas!AstudyfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCitiesillustratestheycanprovideinspirationoracalmingatmosphereinanotherwisecrowdedcity.Treesareresponsibleforeasingurbanheatislandeffectsandairandpollutantfiltration.AndIthinktheyprovidethehabitatforwildlife,especiallybirds.Treescan’trunaway.Unfortunatelyforthemandfortunatelyforurbanresidentscitytreesarestuckwithus.Ifwewanttocontinueenjoyingallthegoodtheydo,weshouldtrytounderstandtheirneedsanddoallthatwecantosupportthem.Abottleofwaterwon’tdomuch,butnexttimeyoualltogetherhaveabucketofwatertopour,youknowwhatbigeffectwillhappen.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhispersonalhabit?A.Itisoflittleeffect. B.Itisenforced.C.Itisofmuchsignificance. D.Itiscommon.5.WhatdoesJohnParkersayabouturbantrees?A.Theyhavestartedtobewateredregularly.B.Moreworkneedstobedonefortheirliving.C.Theyarethreatenedbytheincreasingflood.D.Thenewlyplantedonescan’tlookafterthemselves.6.Whatcanwelearnaboutstreettreesfromparagraph3?A.Theirusageisoverrated.B.Theirvalueisthoughthighlyofbythepublic.C.Theybenefitresidentsphysicallyandmentally.D.Theycanthoroughlysolveenvironmentalproblems.7.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraph?A.Wheninneed,askforit. B.Talltreescatchmuchwind.C.Manyhandsmakelightwork. D.Misfortunesseldomcomealone.【答案】4.A5.B6.C7.C【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者给人行道树浇水的故事及其引发的感悟。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“It’sjustmypersonalhabit,andIthinkitdoesn’tmakeadifference,butI’dliketodoit.(这只是我个人的习惯，我认为这不起什么作用，但我愿意这样做。)”可知，作者认为给行道树浇水只是他的个人习惯，作用不大，故选A。【5题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段JohnParker所说的话“Plantingatreeisjustthestartofthestory.Thehealthandsurvivalofnewurbantreesisthreatenedbyincreasinglydryweather.Itisrecommendedthatthenewlyplantedtreesbegivenabout50litresofwaterperweekforthefirstthreeyears.(植树只是故事的开始。日益干燥的天气威胁着城市新树木的健康和生存。建议新栽树前三年每周浇水约50升)”可推知，他认为树只是开始，城市树木若要健康地存活下来，还需要更多的照顾，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“AstudyfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaTwinCitiesillustratestheycanprovideinspirationoracalmingatmosphereinanotherwisecrowdedcity.Treesareresponsibleforeasingurbanheatislandeffectsandairandpollutantfiltration.(明尼苏达大学双城分校的一项研究表明，它们可以在拥挤的城市中提供灵感或平静的氛围。树木负责缓解城市热岛效应以及空气和污染物过滤)”可知，行道树有益于城市居民的身心健康，故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Abottleofwaterwon’tdomuch,butnexttimeyoualltogetherhaveabucketofwatertopour,youknowwhatbigeffectwillhappen.(一瓶水起不了多大作用，但下次大家一起倒一桶水时，你就知道会发生什么大作用了)”可知，作者告诉我们“众人拾柴火焰高”的道理，并通过自己的亲身经历来呼吁大家一起浇灌行道树，发挥众人的力量，即“人多力量大”，故选C。CUNESCOhasaddedItalianoperasinging,alongwithmorethan50otherpracticesfromaroundtheworld,toitslistofIntangible(无形的)CulturalHeritage.Theagencycreatedthelistin2008tohelpsafeguardtraditions,festivals,ritesofpassage,artformsandotherpracticesacrosstheglobe.Italsorecognizesculturallyandhistoricallysignificantbuildings,structuresandpropertieswithitswell-knownlistofWorldHeritageSites.Itoriginatesfromthe2003ConventionfortheSafeguardingofIntangibleCulturalHeritage,whichiscelebratingits20thanniversaryin2023.WithUNESCO’sdecision,operasingingjoinsseveralotherItaliantraditionsonthelist,likepizzamaking.“Performedbypeopleofallgenders,Italianoperasingingisassociatedwithspecificfacialexpressionsandbodygesturesandinvolvesacombinationofmusic,drama,actingandstaging,”writesUNESCO.ThepracticedatesbacktotheMedicifamilyinFlorenceinthelate16thandearly17thcenturies.JacopoPeri’sDafne,whichwasperformedfortheMedicisin1598,isconsideredthefirstItalianopera.“Thisisaconfirmationofwhatwe’vealreadyknown:Operasingingisaworldexcellence,”saysGennaroSangiuliano,Italy’scultureminister,inastatement.Awidevarietyofculturalpractices,fooddishesandfestivalsalsomadethelistatUNESCO’sIntergovernmentalCommitteefortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritagemeetinginBotswana.Thecommitteenarroweddownnominationssubmittedby72nations,ultimatelyselecting55toaddtothelist.Thefulllistnowincludes730practicesfrom145countries.Sixofthenewadditionsare“inneedofurgentsafeguarding”,accordingtoUNESCO.TheseincludeSyrianglassblowing,olivecultivationinTürkiyeandatraditionalMalaysianperformancecalledMekMulung.Thenon-urgentadditionsincludeseveralannualevents,suchastheRotterdamSummerCarnivalintheNetherlands,theSangoFestivalofOyoinNigeria,theJunkanoointheBahamasandtheShuwalidfestivalinEthiopia.8.WhywasItalianoperasingingaddedtotheUNESCO’slist?A.Toproveitsperfection. B.Topreservethisartform.C.Tostrengthenitscompetitiveness. D.Tocelebratethisart’s20thanniversary.9.WhatdoesUNESCOmentionaboutItalianoperasinginginparagraph2?A.Itsfeatures. B.Itsprospects. C.Itsorigin. D.Itscost.10.WhatcanweinferaboutItalianoperasingingfromGennaroSangiuliano’swords?A.Ithasalonghistory. B.Itawaitsconfirmation.C.Ithasreceivedhighrecognition. D.Itcomesfromawell-knownperformance.11.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.TheArtFormsinItalyB.TheIntroductiontoUNESCOC.730PracticesAreReadytoBeAddedtotheUNESCO’sListD.TheUNESCO’sListWelcomesItalianOperaSinging&OtherPractices【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织将意大利歌剧演唱及其他来自世界各地的文化遗产列入其非物质文化遗产名录。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Theagencycreatedthelistin2008tohelpsafeguardtraditions,festivals,ritesofpassage,artformsandotherpracticesacrosstheglobe.(该机构于2008年创建了这份清单，旨在帮助保护全球的传统、节日、成人仪式、艺术形式和其他习俗)”可推知，意大利歌剧演唱被加入非物质文化遗产名录是为了保护该艺术形式，故选B。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“WithUNESCO’sdecision,operasingingjoinsseveralotherItaliantraditionsonthelist,likepizzamaking.“Performedbypeopleofallgenders,Italianoperasingingisassociatedwithspecificfacialexpressionsandbodygesturesandinvolvesacombinationofmusic,drama,actingandstaging,”writesUNESCO.(根据联合国教科文组织的决定，歌剧演唱与其他几种意大利传统（例如披萨制作）一起被列入名单。联合国教科文组织写道：“意大利歌剧演唱由各种性别的人表演，与特定的面部表情和身体姿势相关，涉及音乐、戏剧、表演和舞台的结合。”)”可知，联合国教科文组织提到了意大利歌剧演唱的特点，即它由不同性别的人表演，有特定的面部表情和肢体动作，并与音乐、戏剧、表演和舞台结合，故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段引号中GennaroSangiuliano所说的话“Thisisaconfirmationofwhatwe’vealreadyknown:Operasingingisaworldexcellence(这证实了我们已经知道的事情：歌剧演唱是世界一流的)”可知，从GennaroSangiuliano的话中我们可以推断出，意大利歌剧演唱得到了高度认可，故选C。【11题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段第一句“UNESCOhasaddedItalianoperasinging,alongwithmorethan50otherpracticesfromaroundtheworld,toitslistofIntangible(无形的)CulturalHeritage.(联合国教科文组织将意大利歌剧演唱以及来自世界各地的50多种其他做法列入其无形文化遗产名录)”可知，文章主要介绍了联合国教科文组织将意大利歌剧演唱及其他来自世界各地的文化遗产列入其非物质文化遗产名录。由此可知，D项“联合国教科文组织的名单欢迎意大利歌剧演唱和其他文化遗产”适合作文章标题，故选D。DTheGreatWallinChinaisaniconicculturallandmarkthathasstoodforalongtime.Butthelongstructureisalsoatriskofdisappearingbecauseofnaturalerosion.Now,scientistshavediscoveredthatsomepartsofthewallarebetterconservedfromtheelementsthanothers.Someplantshavecreatedalayerofbiocrusts(生物外壳)onsomesectionsofthewall,accordingtoastudypublishedinajournal.Inadditiontostrengtheningthewall,thebiocrustsshielditfromwindandwater.Theresearchersreportthe“livingcover”alsoinsulatesthewallfromtemperaturechanges.TheGreatWallwasconstructedandconnectedoverthousandsofyearsagotohelpcreatea“uniteddefensesystem”forChina’snorthernborder.Somesectionswerebuiltusingrammedearth(夯土),aprocessthatinvolvescompactingnaturalmaterialslikestonesandsoiltocreatefirmstructures.Thosematerialsalsoprovidedanidealhabitatfororganismstogrow—andovertime,theycreatedabiocrustlayeratoptherammedearth.ScientistsinChinawantedtobetterunderstandthewall’sbiocrusts,sotheytooksamplesfromaroughly300-mile-longsection.Whentheyanalyzedthesamples,theyfoundthat67%oftheareatheystudiedwascoveredinbiocrusts.Theyalsoconductedaseriesofexperimentstocomparethebareandbiocrust-coveredsamples.Thebiocrust-coveredsectionsheldupbetterintestsmeasuringtheirstrengthandstability.Somebiocrustsampleswerethreetimesstrongerthanthebarerammedearthsamples.ThenewresearchcouldhelpinformconservationstrategiesfortheGreatWallandotherheritagestructurescreatedfromrammedearth.Someconservationistshavesupposedthatbiocrustsmaycausehistoricstructurestoworsenmorequickly,butthisstudysuggestsotherwise.Instead,biocrustshelpfullycombinethefunctionsofseveralconventionalmeasuresintoonenature-based,eco-friendlyandlong-lastingstrategy.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“insulates”inparagraph1mean?A.Protects. B.Takes. C.Removes. D.Creates.13.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.HowtheGreatWallwasbuilt. B.Whatrammedearthoncewaslike.C.WhatroletheGreatWallplayedinhistory. D.HowbiocrustswereformedontheGreatWall.14.Whatcanthefindingsbeusedtodo?A.Conserveplantsamples. B.Stoptheformationofbiocrusts.C.Helpkeeprammedearthheritagestructures. D.Replaceconventionalbuildingprotectionmeasures.15.Howisthetextmainlyorganized?A.Byanalyzingthemethodsofwallrestoration.B.BycomparingdifferentsectionsoftheGreatWall.C.BytrackingthehistoricalsignificanceoftheGreatWall.D.Byexplaininganewscientificdiscoveryanditsimpacts.【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.D【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了中国长城上的具有保护作用的生物外壳。【12题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Someplantshavecreatedalayerofbiocrusts(生物外壳)onsomesectionsofthewall,accordingtoastudypublishedinajournal.Inadditiontostrengtheningthewall,thebiocrustsshielditfromwindandwater.(根据期刊上发表的一项研究，一些植物在墙壁的某些部分形成了一层生物外壳。除了加固墙壁之外，生物外壳还能保护它免受风和水的影响。)”可知，一些植物在长城的某些部分形成了一层生物外壳，不仅可以加固墙壁，还能保护它免受风和水的影响，这是在介绍生物外壳的好处，结合划线单词所在句子“Theresearchersreportthe“livingcover”alsoinsulatesthewallfromtemperaturechanges.(研究人员报告说，“活体覆盖物”还能使墙壁insulates温度变化的影响。)”中的also可知，划线句子也是在介绍生物外壳的好处，由此可推知，生物外壳能使墙壁免受温度变化的影响，划线单词意为“使免受”，与A项“Protects.(保护)”意思相近，故选A。【13题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Somesectionswerebuiltusingrammedearth(夯土),aprocessthatinvolvescompactingnaturalmaterialslikestonesandsoiltocreatefirmstructures.Thosematerialsalsoprovidedanidealhabitatfororganismstogrow—andovertime,theycreatedabiocrustlayeratoptherammedearth.(有些部分是用夯土建造的，这一过程涉及压实石头和土壤等天然材料以形成坚固的结构。这些材料还为生物体的生长提供了理想的栖息地，随着时间的推移，它们在夯土顶部形成了生物外壳)”可知，第二段主要介绍了长城上的生物结皮是如何形成的。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中“ThenewresearchcouldhelpinformconservationstrategiesfortheGreatWallandotherheritagestructurescreatedfromrammedearth.(这项新研究可以帮助为长城和其他夯土遗产建筑的保护策略提供信息)”可知，研究结果可以用来帮助保存长城和其他夯土遗产建筑。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。第一段介绍了有关长城的新发现——夯土的生物外壳能提供保护；第二段和第三段进一步解释了这个发现；最后一段探讨了这个发现对于保护长城和其他遗产建筑的重要性。由此可知，本文是通过解释一个新的科学发现及其影响来展开描写的，故选D。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Wewatchoursaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Weapplysunscreentoprotectourskin____16____Investinhigh-qualitysunglasses.Protectingeyesfromsunlightisveryimportant.Toprotectyoureyes,wearsunglassescertifiedtoblockout99%to100%ofUVAandUVBlightThelenses(镜片)areessential.____17____Infact,ifthelensesaredarkbutnotUVprotected,that’sworseforyoureyes.Takeabreakfromscreens.Thereissomemedicalevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.____18____Oneofthebestwaystopreventthatisdrinkingfourorfiveglassesofwateraday.Ifyoustillfeelyoureyesaredryortired,useeyedropstokeepyourvisionclear.____19____Firstly,stopsmoking.Obviously,itishardtostopsmoking,butitisnotonlybadforyourlungsbutalsoharmfultoyoureyes.Itcausesdryeyesandevenincreasestheriskofeyediseases.Besides,trynottorubyoureyesoften.Rubbingmakesinfectionworse.Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Instead,takemedicationoruseeyedropsfordryeyes.Haveaneyetest.Don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly,ifpossible.____20____Butmedicalequipmentcandetectthem.Allarebesttreatedwhenfoundearly.Formostpeople,unlessthereareproblems,thatmeanshavingyoureyestestedbyahealthcareprovidereveryonetotwoyears.A.Stopbadhabits.B.Smokingisbadforeyesight.C.Notalleyeproblemsarenoticeable.D.Ifthelensesaredarkenough,it’sgoodforoureyes.E.Similarly,wecandosomethingindeedtoprotectoureyes.F.Surprisingly,darklensesarenotnecessarilythemostprotective.G.Staringatthemcanleaveyoureyesexhaustedandmakeyouseethingsvaguely.【答案】16.E17.F18.G19.A20.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些保护视力的方法。【16题详解】上文“Wewatchoursaltandfatintaketoprotectourhearts.Weexerciseandtakecalciumtoprotectourbones.Weapplysunscreentoprotectourskin(我们注意盐和脂肪的摄入量以保护我们的心脏。我们锻炼并服用钙来保护我们的骨骼。我们涂抹防晒霜来保护我们的皮肤)”介绍了保护心脏、骨骼和皮肤的方法，下文“Investinhigh-qualitysunglasses.(投资优质太阳镜)”，“Takeabreakfromscreens.(远离屏幕休息一下)”，“Haveaneyetest.(进行视力测试)”介绍了一些保护视力的方法，由此可知，空处引起下文，指出有一些办法可以保护眼睛，E项“同样，我们确实可以做一些事情来保护我们的眼睛”符合语境。故选E。【17题详解】上文“Toprotectyoureyes,wearsunglassescertifiedtoblockout99%to100%ofUVAandUVBlight.Thelenses(镜片)areessential.(为了保护您的眼睛，请佩戴经认证可阻挡99%至100%UVA和UVB光的太阳镜。镜片必不可少)”指出镜片很重要，根据下文“Infact,ifthelensesaredarkbutnotUVprotected,that’sworseforyoureyes.(事实上，如果镜片颜色较深但不防紫外线，那对你的眼睛来说会更糟糕)”可知，深色镜片不一定具有保护作用，F项“令人惊讶的是，深色镜片不一定是最具保护性的”符合语境。故选F。【18题详解】上文“Thereissomemedicalevidencethatthelightfromelectronicscreensdamageseyes.(有一些医学证据表明电子屏幕发出的光会损害眼睛)”指出电子电子屏幕的光会损害眼睛，空处承接上文，具体解释如何损害眼睛，G项“盯着它们会让你的眼睛疲惫不堪，让你看东西变得模糊”符合语境。故选G。【19题详解】下文“Firstly,stopsmoking.Obviously,itishardtostopsmoking,butitisnotonlybadforyourlungsbutalsoharmfultoyoureyes.Itcausesdryeyesandevenincreasestheriskofeyediseases.Besides,trynottorubyoureyesoften.Rubbingmakesinfectionworse.Themoreyourub,themoreitchyyoureyeswillget.Instead,takemedicationoruseeyedropsfordryeyes.(首先，戒烟。显然，戒烟很难，但它不仅对肺部有害，而且对眼睛也有害。它会导致眼睛干涩，甚至增加患眼病的风险。另外，尽量不要经常揉眼睛。摩擦会使感染恶化。揉得越多，眼睛就越痒。相反，服用药物或使用眼药水治疗干眼症)”主要介绍了要戒掉一些对眼睛不好的坏习惯。A项“戒掉坏习惯”符合语境，能概括本段内容，故选A。【20题详解】上文“Don’tforgettoseeaneyespecialistforacheckupregularly,ifpossible(如果可能的话，不要忘记定期去看眼科专家进行检查)”指出要定期去看眼科专家，根据下文“Butmedicalequipmentcandetectthem.(但医疗设备可以检测到它们)”可知，空处和上文是转折关系，C项“并非所有眼睛问题都很明显”符合语境，承接上文，指出去看眼科专家的原因，同时和下文是转折关系，故选C。第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Manyyearsago,becauseIdidn’thaveacar,mydaughter,Sarah,hadbeendrivingmeeverywhere.At60,Icouldn’tgetusedto____21____onanyoneelse.Idesiredfor____22____.Oneday,Sarahdrovemetoalocalseniorcitizencenter,whereIencounteredaflyer,advertisingthetaxiservice.Asanurse,Ihadspentmuchtimelookingaftermypatients,andIhad____23____tomydaughter,too.WhenIretired,Ifeltmylifewas____24____.I’dhopedworkingasa____25____inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.However,nothavingacar,Ifeltitwouldbea____26____.Ifthetaxicouldserveme,Iwouldgetridoftheworry.ThenIdialedthenumber.Butthe____27____wasreceivedbyanansweringmachine.SoIleftamessage.Thatwasreallya____28____.Disappointed,Iwentbackhome.Suddenly,thephonerang.“ThisisJenny.Youhavethewrongnumber.I’mnottheheadofthetaxiservicecenter”.Myheart____29____asIwasstillstuck.“I’msorrytohavebotheredyou,”Isaid,tryingto____30____.“Iwasjusttryingtofindaride.”Shesaid____31____,“Icandoit”.Icouldfeelherfirmtone.ButI____32____.CouldItake____33____fromstrangers?Buteventually,Ipersuadedmyselftoacceptherkindness.Thenextday,IsawJenny____34____atthedoor.TakingJenny’scarwaslikedrivingwithanoldfriend,andwecherishedour____35____.Later,InolongerdependedonSarah’scarJennyandIhadourownlife,andweoftendidgoodwithoutgettingpaidtogether.21.A.acting B.looking C.counting D.blaming22.A.independence B.responsibility C.curiosity D.assistance23.A.turned B.attended C.objected D.submitted24.A.worthless B.priceless C.comfortable D.recognizable25.A.sponsor B.visitor C.leader D.volunteer26.A.lesson B.success C.barrier D.mistake27.A.call B.note C.request D.appeal28.A.get-together B.let-down C.breakthrough D.workout29.Alifted B.relaxed C.stopped D.sank30.A.congratulate B.inquire C.apologize D.entertain31.A.definitely B.mysteriously C.ridiculously D.awkwardly32.A.continued B.agreed C.hesitated D.exploded33.A.orders B.favors C.measures D.invitations34.A.goaway B.holdback C.takeoff D.pullup35.A.acquaintance B.rank C.territory D.promise【答案】21.C22.A23.B24.A25.D26.C27.A28.B29.D30.C31.A32.C33.B34.D35.A【解析】【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者以前一直靠女儿开车送作者去任何地方，作者在60岁时决定不再依靠任何人。在退休后，作者决定在老年中心当志愿者，但是作者不会开车，于是给出租车服务打电话，但是作者打错电话了，电话那头的人决定开车送作者，自此两人成为了朋友。【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：60岁时，我无法习惯继续依赖别人。A.acting表演；B.looking看；C.counting计数；D.blaming责备。上文“Manyyearsago,becauseIdidn’thaveacar,mydaughter,Sarah,hadbeendrivingmeeverywhere.”指出许多年前，作者没有车，一直靠女儿莎拉开车送作者去任何地方，下文“Ifthetaxicouldserveme,Iwouldgetridoftheworry”指出作者给出租车公司打电话，想让他们送自己出行，由此可知，作者不再继续依赖别人。故选C。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我渴望独立。A.independence独立；B.responsibility责任；C.curiosity好奇；D.assistance帮助。上文“At60,Icouldn’tgetusedto_______onanyoneelse.”可知，作者无法习惯继续依靠他人，这说明作者渴望独立，故选A。【23题详解】考查动词义词辨析。句意：作为一名护士，我花了很多时间照顾我的病人，我也照顾我的女儿。A.turned转向；B.attended出席；照料；C.objected反对；D.submitted提交。由上文“Ihadspentmuchtimelookingaftermypatients”和too可知，作者照顾病人，也照顾自己的女儿，attendto固定搭配，意为“照料”，故选B。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我退休的时候，我觉得我的生命毫无价值。A.worthless无价值的；B.priceless无价的，非常有用的；C.comfortable舒服的；D.recognizable可辨认的。由下文“I’dhopedworkingasa_______inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.”可知，作者希望找到自己的价值，这说明在退休时，作者觉得生命毫无价值，故选A。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我希望在这个中心担任志愿者能够帮助我找到自己的价值。A.sponsor赞助者；B.visitor参观者；C.leader领导；D.volunteer志愿者。由下文“inthiscenterwouldhelpmefindmyvalue.”可知，作者退休后，想在这个老年中心当志愿者，以此找到自己的价值，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，没有车，我觉得这会是一个障碍。A.lesson课；B.success成功；C.barrier障碍；D.mistake错误。由下文“nothavingacar”可知，作者没有车，所以去这个老年中心当志愿者会不方便，由此可知，没有车对她来说是一个障碍，故选C。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但电话是由答录机接听的。A.call电话；B.note通知；C.request要求；D.appeal呼吁，申诉。由上文“ThenIdialedthenumber.”可知，作者给出租车服务打电话，故选A。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这真是令人失望。A.get-together团聚；B.let-down令人失望的事；C.breakthrough突破；D.workout锻炼。由上文“Butthe________wasreceivedbyanansweringmachine.”和下文“Disappointed”可知，没打通电话，作者很失望，故选B。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的心沉了下去，因为我仍然有困难。A.lifted举起；B.relaxed放松；C.stopped停止；D.sank下沉；受挫。由上文“Youhavethewrongnumber.I’mnottheheadofthetaxiservicecenter”和下文“asIwasstillstuck.”可知，作者打错电话了，仍然没有解决自己租车的问题，所以感觉受挫，即心沉了下来，故选D。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“很抱歉打扰你了，”我说，试图道歉。A.congratulate祝贺；B.inquire询问；C.apologize道歉；D.entertain使娱乐。由上文“I’msorrytohavebotheredyou”可知，作者打错电话了，所以在向这个人道歉，故选C。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她肯定地说：“我能做到”。A.definitely肯定地；B.mysteriously神秘地；C.ridiculously荒谬地；D.awkwardly尴尬地。由下文“Icouldfeelherfirmtone.”可知，电话那头的人语气坚定，由此可知，此处指她肯定地说，故选A。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我犹豫了。A.continued继续；B.agreed同意；C.hesitated犹豫不决；D.exploded爆炸。由下文“CouldItake________fromstrangers?”可知，作者不知道自己是否可以接受陌生人的帮助，所以犹豫不决，故选C。【33题详