2022届高考英语一轮复习 阅读之说明文拔高训练

2022高考英语阅读之说明文拔高训练

(A)

Fishtongues,harvestedbychildren

Cod鱼)tongueisafamousdishinNorwayandbeyond.Around80tonsare

cuteveryyearfromfishcaughtinNorway'snorthernwaters.Softerintastethanthe

fleshofthefish,codtonguemeltsinthemouthwithahintofsaltiness.Itisnature's

gift,saysJanErik,vice-presidentoftheNorwegianfishermen'sassociation.

LivEva,a35-year-oldwhoworksforaresearchinstitute,saysthatwhenshe

wasagirl,menandboysdominatedthecod-tongue-cuttingtradeonLofbten,a

Norwegianisland.Thisyear,shewashappytoseeagrandmotherandgranddaughter

sellingtongues.

Inotherways,however,theartoftungeskjaerioghashardlychangedoverthe

centuries.Thedelicateworkofremovingthetonguefromanalreadybeheaded(去头

的)fishisreservedmainlyforchildren.Thepracticeservesasakindofcareer

preparationforwould-befishers,anditpayshandsomely.Thetonguesarevaluable,

soanhour'sworkcanpay1,200kronor($143);notbadifyou'resix.Modestyguides

attitudesinLofbtenandothernorthernparts,soitwouldn'tbeacceptedtospendthe

cashonsomethingwasteful,saysLivEva.Youngsterstendtosaveupforafishing

boat,acaroradepositonahome.

Noteveryonegetsinvolved.Thosewithambitionskeeptheirdistance;

tongue-cuttingissomethingofafisherman'sroughlife.AndcitizensinNorwaywere

upsetbyarecentdocumentaryshowingthechildrenatworkintheirblood-stained

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overalls."Childlabor!9,theycried.Thegovernmentlookedintotheissue,andchose

torespecttheircultureandtradition.Abiggerthreattotheindustryisthatstocksare

low.FromApril27th,2021Norwegiancodcaughtincoastalwaterswillloseits

sustainabilityratingfromtheMarineConservationCouncil,aglobalfishwatchdog.

1.Whatisthepurposeofthefirstparagraph?

A.Tobringupthetopic.B.Toputforwardanargument.

C.Tosetoffaconflict.D.Tobringforwardasuggestion.

2.Theunderlinedphrase"theartoftungeskjBering“refersto.

A.thetastingofcodtongueB.thecuttingofcodtongue

C.thecookingofcodtongueD.thedrawingofcodtongue

3.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphfocuson?

A.Thetraditionsofthecodtongueindustry.

B.Theadvantagesofthecodtongueindustry.

C.Theproblemswiththecodtongueindustry.

D.Thechangesofthecodtongueindustry.

4.Whatisthegovernment'sattitudetowardsthechildren'sharvestingcodtongue?

A.Supportive.B.Ignorant.C.Respectful.D.Disapproving.

(B)

Onpaper,hydrogenlookslikeadreamfuel.Inpractice,thingsaretrickier.

Storingmeaningfulquantitiesofhydrogengasrequirescompressing(压缩)itseveral

hundredtimes.Transformingitintoliquidstateisanotheroption,butonethat

requirescoolingthestuffto-253℃.Eitherprocessrequiresruggedtanks.Overtime,

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hydrogengascanpassslowlyintometals,weakeningthemandpotentiallycausing

cracks.Tanksmustbebuiltfromspecialmaterialsdesignedtoresistthisbreakdown.

ResearchersattheFraunhoferInstitute,ledbyMarcusVogt,thinkthatsupplying

hydrogenasgoop（糊状）offersawayaroundsomeofitslimitations.Theyhave

beenexperimentingwithachemicalcompoundthatcanbepumpedintoacontainer

andthenpersuadedtogiveoffitshydrogenondemand.

Theirinvention,whichtheynickname"powerpaste”,looksliketoothpaste.Its

mainingredientismagnesiumhydride,acompoundthat,whenintroducedtowater,

reactswithittoformhydrogenandmagnesiumhydroxide.Theescapedhydrogencan

thenberedirectedintoafuelcell,whereitreactswithoxygenfromtheairtogenerate

electricpower.Themagnesiumhydroxidewasteisemptiedfromthereactor

automatically.

DrVogfsschemeoffersseveraladvantagesoverbatteries,petrolandmore

conventionalwaysofhandlinghydrogen.Oneisthestorageofmoreenergythan

eitherbatteriesorpetrolcanmanage.Asecondiseaseofrefilling,whichissimplya

matterofswappinganemptycontainerofpasteforafullone,andtoppingupthe

water,whichisstoredinaseparatetank.Athirdadvantageisthat,unlikeabattery,

thepastedoesnotgraduallyloseitsstoredenergyifitisleftontheshelf.Moreover,

thepasteitselfisharmless,asarethereaction'sby-products.

Buttherearestillmoretoworkthrough.Magnesiumhydridereactsonlyslowly

withwater.Toovercomethis,DrVogtandhisteamhavefoundachemicaladditive

thatgreatlyacceleratesthereaction.Theyhavealsofoundawaytoensurethatthe

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reactioncanbecontrolledpreciselyenoughtosupplyonlyasmuchhydrogenasis

neededatanygivenmoment.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“rugged"underlinedinparagraph1?

A.Creative.B.Fragile.C.Tough.D.Enormous.

2.Whatcanweknowabouttheinventionaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Magnesiumhydridemixedwithwaterreleaseshydrogen.

B.Severalchemicalreactionsoccurinthesametank.

C.Waterandelectricityarenecessaryintheprocess.

D.Theremainingwasteneedsremovingwithextrahelp.

3.Howisparagraph4mainlydeveloped?

A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bydrawingcomparisons.

C.Byquotingsayings.D.Byexplainingaconcept.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.DreamFuel:HydrogenGasB.NewCleanEnergy

C.AdvantagesofHydrogenGoopD.“Toothpaste"inYourTank

(C)

Schoolisstilloutforthesummer,butatEasternSeniorHighSchoolin

Washington,D.C.,studentsarehardatworkoutdoors.Inagardenfilledwithflowers

andbedsburstingwithvegetablesandherbs,nearlyadozenteenagersareharvesting

vegetablesfortheweekend'sfarmersmarket.

RoshawnLittleisgoingintoherjunioryearatEastern,andhasbeenworkingin

thisgardenforthreeyearsnow.Duringthesummer,LittlegetspaidtoworkTuesday

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throughSaturdayfrom9a.m.until2p.m.withCityBlossoms,anonprofitthat

bringscommunitygardenstoschoolsinurbanareas.Shebelievesthatworkinginthe

gardenhastaughthertotryallsortsofnewthings,likeeatingdifferentkindsof

vegetablesmoreoften.Andshe'stakenthosehealthybehaviorshomewithherandher

eatinghabitshaveencouragedherfamilytobuymorefruitsandvegetables.

CityBlossomsisoneofmanygroupsacrossthecountryteamingupwithlocal

communitiestobuildschoolgardens,liketheoneatEastern.Itworkswithschoolsto

createlearninggardensandtrainsteachersonhowtousethemtogetstudents

engagedandboostacademics.Thesegardensarereallyoutdoorclassrooms.For

example,thegardenscanbeusedformathlessons,likecalculatingtheareaofaplant

bedorlearningthescienceofhowplantsgrow.

Forthestudents,theexperiencecanbeanutritionaleye-opener,whichhas

totallychangedtheirperceptionsofwherefoodcomesfrom,andwhatittakesto

producefood.Partnerschoolshavealsoseena12to15percentincreaseinthe

numberofstudentspassingstandardizedtestsand94percentofteachersreported

seeingincreasedengagementfromtheirstudents,accordingtoanindependent

evaluationconductedbyPEERAssociates.

1.WhatdoesRoshawnLittlethinkofthesummeroutdooractivity?

A,Itisagoodwaytoearnpocketmoney.

B.Ithasimprovedherfamilyrelationship.

C.Itcontributestoherhealthyeatinghabit.

D.Itishelpfultoheracademicperformance.

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2.What,isthepurposeoftheschoolgardens?.

A.Toprovideacreativewayoflearning；

B.To-promoteteachers1teachingskills.

G.Togetstudentsinterestedinscience.

D.Toinvitestudentstocareforplants.

3.WhatdoesthelastparagraphfocusonabouttheprojectofCityBlossoms?

A.Itsstrategies.

B.Itsoutcomes.

C.Itsoperations.

D.Itsparticipants.

4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CityBlossoms：TeamupwithLocalCommunityTeachers

B.HappyHoliday,Sweetmemory：HowKidsEnjoytheHarvest

C.OutdoorClassrooms：GetoutfortheWeekend'sFarmersMarket

D.HealthyEaters,StrongMinds：WhatSchoolGardensTeachKids

(D)

ToddBol,aretiredbusinessman,couldneverhaveexpectedthat

awoodencontainerhebuiltinhisfrontyardonedaywouldhavethe

globalimpactiidoestoday.

Bolbuiltadollhouse-sizestructurethatlookedlikea

schoolhouseonapostandheputitinhisyardasafreecommunitylibraryto

rememberhismother,whowasabookloverandschoolteacher.Bed'sprototypegave

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birthtoLittleFreeLibrary(LFL),anonprofitorganizationthatseekstoplacesmall,

accessiblebookexchangeboxesinneighborhoodsaroundtheworld.Theconceptis

simple：Neighborsareinvitedtoshareabook,leaveabook,orboth.Today,there

areover50,000oftheselibrariesregisteredin70countries.

AlmosteveryonecanregisterwithLFLandstartalibraryaslongastheperson

keepsitingoodshapeandmakessurethatbookmaterialsareappropriateforhis/her

neighborhood.Libraryownerscancreatetheirownlibraryboxes；therefore,the

librariesareusuallyuniqueinappearance,andthereseemstobenolimittothe

possibilities.OnelibraryinCaliforniawasbuiltoutofausedwinecontainer；

anotherinTexashadtinystairsandbrightcoloredwalls.Onceregistered,librariesare

assignedanumberatLFL'swebsite.TheLFLIndexliststhelocationsofalllibraries

withGPScoordinates(©仑标)andotherinformation.Ownersreceiveasignsaying

“LittleFreeLibrary”.

PeoplesaytheyhavebeenattractedtopickupabookwhenwalkingbyaLittle

FreeLibrary,outofcuriosityandbecauseit'sconvenient.Somesidewalklibrarians

saytheyhavemetmoreneighborssincehavingalittlelibraryintheirfrontyard.Bol

isalsomostproudofthewayLittleFreeLibraryisbringingcommunitiestogether.

"It'sstartedaneighborhoodexchange.Itgetspeopletalkingandmorecomfortable

withtheirneighbors,"hesays.nThisleadstothemhelpingeachother.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prototype”inparagraph2referto?

A.Acommunitycenter.B.Adollhouseonapost.

C.Abookexchangebox.D.Anonprofitorganization.

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2.WhatcanwelearnabouttheoperationofaLittleFreeLibrary?

A.Thereisnolimittotheselectionofbooks.

B.Thelibrarycancomeinanyshapeandcolor.

C.Thelibraryneedstohiremanyprofessionallibrarians.

D.TheownermustfirstbeassignedanumberfromtheLFLwebsite.

3.WhatcanbeinferredaboutLittleFreeLibrary?

A.IthelpsimproveGPSfunctions.

B.Itconnectslibrariesaroundtheworld.

C.Itmakesreadingaccessibletothepoor.

D.Ithelpsrestorehumanconnections.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.LFL：ABoostertoSharedReading

B.LFL：TheBestPlacetoMeetNeighbors

C.ToddBol：ASuccessfulBookBusinessman

D.Reading：AnApproachtoImprovingYourself

（E）

Theideaofbillionsofpeoplegoingthroughafewmasksaweekduringthis

pandemicdefinitelyringsalarmbells,butateamofresearchersinMelbournemay

havethesolution.

They'vediscoveredthataddingmillionsofdiscardedfacemaskstoroad-paving

（铺路）mixtureswouldactuallylowerthecostoftheroad,whilepreventingbillionsof

themfromlandfills.Justonekilometerofroadwouldneedthreemillionmasks,and

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thepolypropylene（聚丙烯）plasticusedtomakesingle-usesurgicalfacemasksalso

increasedtheflexibilityanddurabilityoftheroad.

Thenewmaterialisamixtureofabout2%tornmasks,withrecycledconcrete

aggregate（RCA）—amaterialobtainedfromwasteconcreteandothermineralsfrom

destroyedbuildings.Thisrecycledmaterialwasfoundinthestudytobeidealfortwo

ofthefourlayersgenerallyrequiredtocreateroadways.Pavingakilometerof

two-wayroadwiththeRCAandthreemillionfacemaskswouldresultinachangeof

93tonsofwastefromlandfills.

Thefinalproductthenismoreresistanttowearthanasphalt（沥青），aswellas

beingcheapertoo,providedtherewasamethodforcollectingmasks.Theresearch

teamdidacost-analysisandfoundthat,at$26perton,theRCAwasabouthalfthe

costofminingrawmaterials,andasmuchasathirdofthecostofshippingtheused

maskstoalandfill.

Thewidespreadapplicationwouldbeidealforlargeinfrastructure（基石出设施）

projects.Forexample,Washingtonhasthe11thworstroadsintermsofunaddressed

repairsintheU.S.IfthedamagedroadsinWashingtonstatewererepairedwiththe

RCA/maskmixture,itwouldreusenearly10billionmasks,sparingAmerican

landfillshundredsofmillionsoftonsoftrash.

It'ssaidthattheteamislookingfbrprivateindustrypartnersorgovernments

willingtogivetheirplasticmaskroadanopportunityfbralarge-scaletest.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“discarded“meaninparagraph2?

A.Recycled.B.Produced.C.Mixed.D.Abandoned.

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2.Whatisthenewmaterialusedtopavewaysmadeof?

A.2%tornmasks,concreteandtonsoftrash.

B.Polypropyleneplasticandbuildingmaterials.

C.Single-usesurgicalmasksandrecycledconcreteaggregate.

D.Wasteconcreteandothermineralsfromdestroyedbuildings.

3.Whyarenumbersmentionedinparagraph5?

A.Totelluswhattheteamhasfound.

B.Toprovethismaterialiscost-effectiveinpavingroads.

C.Toexplainrepairingroadscostsalotofmaterials.

D.Topraisethehardworktheteamhasdone.

4.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?

A.Thematerialusedtopaveroadsismadeofmasks.

B.Generallyspeaking,itrequirestwolayerstocreateroadways.

C.Itremainstobetestedwhetherthesolutionispractical.

D.ThedamagedroadsinWashingtonwererepairedwiththeRCA.

(F)

FromthebeachesofLumbahai,toairports,gasstations,evenurbanparkinglots,

wildchickensareeverywhereonKauaiIsland.Theywanderfreely,andhaveadapted

toleadavarietyoflifestylesinthisHawaiianparadise,fromeatinggarbageandcat

food,todependingontouristsforfood.

ButhowandwhendidKauaiIslandbecomeaparadiseforwildchickens?Well,

theanswertothatquestionisjustascomplicatedasthebirds'relationshipwiththe

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humanpopulation.Askthelocals,andtheywilltellyouabouthurricanesIwa(1982)

andIniki(1992),whichdestroyedhundredsofchickencages,lettingtheanimals

looseinthewildtobreed(繁殖).Datashowthatthenumberofwildchickens

definitelyincreasedafterthesehurricanes,buttheyareonlypartoftheanswer.

ThetruthisthatKauaihasbeenhometowildchickensforoverathousandyears.

Theywerebroughttotheisland,andhavebeenlivingalongsidethenativechickens

eversince.Sowhenthedomesticchickensthatescapedtheircageswoundupinthe

wild,theydidn'tonlybreedamongthemselves,theybredwiththewildchickensas

well.

LikeallthebirdsofHawaii,thechickenisprotectedasanimportantpartof

nature,andsincenotalotofpeoplecantellthedifference