2021届全国新高考英语冲刺复习-阅读理解之细节题解题技巧讲义

［示例］全国卷阅读

2021届全国新高考英语冲刺复习(2019•IB)

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradein

阅读理解之细节题解题技巧讲义Patchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowit7s

ChrisPalaez,sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokerofthe

解题步骤class.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindof

kidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe'snervous/Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyou

shoukL.shouki.."Christripsonthe"-Id,"a

pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglish

speakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,

whisperingsupport.”...Votefor...me...”Exceptforsome

Step3：比对比时原文和选项一确定答案

stumbles,ChrisisdoingamazinglywelLWhenhebrings

hisspeechtoaniceconclusion.Whaleyinvitestherest

［选项特征］

oftheclasstopraisehim.

做细节理解题时务必要树立回原文定位的意识，每

24.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

一题、每一选项都要回到原文中的某一处进行定位，然

后画出相关语句，并与选项仔细比对，找出正确选项的Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.

理由和错误选项的理由。

C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

1.正确选项的特征

分析：Step1：找词，题干中的关键词为Chris

(1)同义替换：对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替nervouso

换。如把loseone'sjob换成了beoutofwork0有时候

Step2：定位，查找原文，根据题干关键词直接定

词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词

位到第一段中的"...todayisspeechday,andrightnow

性，如把important改成ofimportance；改变原文中句

it'sChrisPalaez,sturn."和"...heseemslikethekind

子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。

ofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking."<>

(2)语言简化：把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，

Step3：比对，比对原文和选项可知，今天是演讲

设置为答案。

日，现在轮到了Chris,虽然他看起来像那种喜欢在公

(3)正话反说:把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正共场合讲话的孩子，但是他很紧张。由此可知，演讲使

确选项。Chris紧张。

2.干扰选项的特征［主要类型］

(1)是原文信息，但不是题目要求的内容。1.直接信息题

(2)无中生有，虽然符合常识，但不是文章的内容。解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容

易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择

(3)与原文的内容极其相似，只是在某个细节处有些

定位关键词。关键词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词，

变动。

即问题的核心信息，再进行信息定位，运用略读及寻读

(4)在意思上与原文大相径庭甚至完全相反。的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相

关的句子，得出正确答案。

(5)部分正确，部分错误。

［示例］(2019•全国卷I阅读A)

SummerEmptoymentOpportunities(机会)的语言去归纳文中的信息或事实，然后再看选项，挑选

出和自己所归纳的信息最接近的选项作为正确答案。

ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunities

program,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyof［示例］（2018•全国卷n阅读B）

summerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestin

itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.

vitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberries

Whoiseligible：Studentsaged15orolder.Somecontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白质），ironandzinc（not

positionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forthatfruitshavemuchprotein）.Blueberriesare

personswithadisability.particularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物质）.The

yellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehigh

23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?

inthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichare

AJobsforYouth.antioxidants.Asforcherries（樱桃），theyaresodelicious

whocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.

B.SummerCompany.

24.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeabout

C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram.

cherries?

D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.

A.Theycontainprotein.

分析：本题属于直接信息题。根据题干中的关键词

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

disabled,迅速在文中找到最后一段的personswitha

disability,通过分析这句话可知，与题干中的theC.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

disabled属于典型的同义词替换，故选D项。

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

2.间接信息题

分析：选Co本题属于间接信息题。根据第二段倒

考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础数第二句可知，应该选C项,樱桃很美味。haveapleasant

上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中taste与besodelicious表义相同,属于同义替换。

语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。因此

在做细节理解题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比

其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。命题人主要从以下两个

角度命制正确选项。

(1)同义替换

同义替换是指命题人利用同义词或近义词对原文

的关键信息进行解释。解题时，同学们应该根据题意，

快速跳读全文，找到关键信息，然后在选项中寻找与原

文信息最接近的同义词或近义词，这样就可确定正确答

案。

(2)归纳信息

归纳信息是指命题人用精炼的语言来概括原文中

比较分散或复杂的信息，这是命题人设计细节理解题时

经常使用的手段之一。同学们首先应抓住该题所涉及的

重要信息去理解、提炼其中的关键信息，可尝试用自己

立足老教材兼顾新教材阅读训练meeting.Sheneedsthisdress—itdriesquicklyand

preventswrinkles（褶皱）.

A篇阅读满分集训FlorenceTravelDressbyOrvis,$119,A

1.Whichofthefolbwingisaperfectgifttoa

A

motherwhogetsupearly?

Whethershebveswine,mornings,coffee,the

A-Alooserobe.B.Acoffeecup.

greatoutdoors,oralloftheabove,there'saperfectgift

foryournumberonemama.C.Aphotoalbum.D.Abeautifuldress.

ShortRobe（袍）2.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoubuytwobook-

themedcupsatA?

Ifyourmomlikesnothingmorethanenjoyinglife

intheearlyhoursofthedaywithacupofcoffee,she'llA.$7.98.B.$18.49.

likethisshortrobe.lthassidepocketsandanattached

C.$36.98.D.$119.

belt.

3.Thelastgiftappealstothemotherwho.

ShortRobe,$128,NakedP

A.followsthelatesttrendsinfashion

PhotosToArt

B.isafrequentbusinesstraveler

Nothingmakesasuper-proudmomhappierthan

thinkingaboutherchildren-they'resohandsome!SoC.islookingforaspecialdress

smart!Sosweet!Givethisproudmomanopportunityto

D・wantstolookyounger

admireherhandiworkeverydaywithaphotoofher

childrenusingPhotosToArtfeature.PhotosToArtisanB

appwhichcantransformyourdigitalphotointoapiece

ofart.Voluntaryorganizationsaroundtheworldseek

volunteerstofeedthehomeless,buildhousesand

PhotosToArt,startingat$3.99,A

encouragepeoplewhosuffer.Thefolbwingarefour

LibraryCardCupfamousvoluntaryorganizations.

ForthewomanwhotookyoutothelibrarytogetHabitatforHumanity

yourveryfirstcard,showhowmuchyouappreciateher

Foundedin1976,ithasbuiltover400,000homes

loveoflanguageandwordswithoneofthesebook-

andservedmorethan2millionpeoplearoundthe

themedcups.Youcanchoosefromanold-fashioned

worldlthelpscreateaffordablehomesforthoseaffected

librarycard,abook'scover,oroneofyourfavorite

bynaturaldisastersandhomelessness.Familiesinneed

literarycharacters.

ofahomecanapplytotheorganizationforrelief.Itsgoal

（消除）

LibraryCardCup,$18,49,Aistoeliminatehomelessnessfromthework!

FtorenceTravelDressPeaceCorps

Whenshe'snotbusyteachingherchildrenhowtoOver200,000PeaceCorpsvolunteershaveworked

tietheirshoesandmindtheirmanners,themomyouin139countriesaroundtheworldThisorganization

loveisflyingacrossthecountryforanimportantbeganin1960.ItseeksvolunteerstoworkonAIDS

relief,businessdevelopmentandinformationC.Theyhavethesameserviceprograms.

technologyaroundtheworldin2011,37%ofits

volunteerswereservinginAfrica,24%inLatinAmericaD.Theyhavethesamenumberofvolunteers.

and21%inEasternEuropeandCentralAsia.ltaimsto

promote(促进)worldpeaceandfriendship.c

MakeaWishFoundationLatinAmericanWeekincludesanumberofevents

thatshowLatinAmericancultureindifferentways.The

Thisorganizationseekstohelpchildrenwith

interestingpartsoftheweekin2018arelistedbetow.

life-threateningmedicalconditions.ltwasfoundedin

1980andhasreachedmorethan193,000childrenFiestaBlancaSalsaCruise

aroundtheglobe.Childrenwithlife-threateningmedical

：：

conditionsareselectedtohaveapersonalwishcomeDate&Time:June30,2018(from930pmto12

true.Thisorganizationcreatesanunforgettable30am)

experienceforachildinneed

Thiseventisa3-hourcruise(巡航)ontheboatof

VolunteersofAmericaMVBritannia,wherepeoplewearwhite,danceandhave

awonderfulparty.TheeventinvolvedLatinmusicwith

Ithashelpedover2millionpeoplein400

differentDJsonallthreelevelsoftheboataswellasa

communitiesintheUnitedStates.Thisorganizationis

salsa(萨尔萨舞)danceshow.Ticketscost$31andfood

famousintheUSforitshumanservicesprogramsfor

at-riskyouths,theelderlyandhomelessanddrinkisavailable.

people.Approximately70,000volunteershelpthis

LatinFilmNight

organizationreachitsaim.For115years,ithasbrought

meals,medicineandwarmthtopeopleinneedintheDate&Time:July3,2018(startingat5：30pm)

UnitedStates.

TwofilmsareshownattheVancityTheatrein

1.WhomdoesHabitatforHumanitymainlyserve?

2O18.TheyareLaCarga,fromMexico,andCoracao

A.Homelesspeople.B.AIDSvictims.Vagabundo,fromBrazil

C.Childreninneed.D.Poorfamilies.TheeveningbeginswithlivemusicbyBrazilian

singerDuoMaraCoelho.ltcosts$13foradultsand$11

2.Whichorganizationhastheshortesthistory?

forstudents/seniors(ages60+)foronefilm,or$20for

A.HabitatforHumanity.

bothfilms.

B.PeaceCorps.

Note:TheLatinFilmNighteventisforadults(ages

C.MakeaWishFoundation.19+).

D.VolunteersofAmerica.Tango&WineNight

3.WhatdotheotherthreeorganizationshaveinDate&Time:July5,2018(from7pmuntil10pm)

common,comparedwithVolunteersofAmerica?

Thisisaboutaneveningfortangodancingatthe

A.TheyhavethesamegoalPerformanceWorksTheatre.Dancersarefrom

ArgentineTangoLab.Inadditiontothedancingitalso

B・Theyhavethesameservicearea.

offersaselectionofLatinAmericanwines.

Abcalbutcher（屠夫）builttheEdwardMooney

Itcosts$30inadvanceand$35atthedoor.

Housebetween1785and1789aftertheRevolutionary

CarnavaldelSolWar.AsoneoftheoldesttownhousesinNewYorkCity,

thebuildinghasservedasastore,ahotel,arestaurant,

Dates:July7&8,2018

aChineseclub,andsoon.Itnowservesasabank.

Itisafreefamily-friendlyfestivalattheendofLatin

AmericanWeekandwithoutadoubtthenumberoneTheFivePoints

attraction.FortwodaysVancouver'sConcordPacific

AtthesouthofColumbusPark,you'llfindwhat's

Placeisfulloffoodtrucks,concertsandotherlive

leftofTheFivePoints.Thisslumneighborhood（贫民

entertainment.

窟）wasmadefamousintheGangsofNewYork

1.Howmuchshould62-year-oldMr.Blackandhismovie.It'snowoppositetotheNewYorkCounty

sonaged35paytoseeafilmatLatinFilmNight?SupremeCourt.

A.20.B.22.ColumbusPark

C.24.D.26.TheparkisfamousforatraditionalChinesegame

calledmahjongandchesstables,whichyou'lloftenfind

2.WhoaremostinterestedinTango&WineNight?fullofplayersinallweathers.Ifyou'reupearly,you'll

catchpeoplestartingtheirdaywithtaichi；thereare

A.Filmlovers.B.Foodlovers.

plentyofplacestoplaysportsanditisagreatkids'

C.Dancetovers.D.Musictovers.playground

3.WhicheventismostsuitableforallmembersofMahayanaBuddhistTemple

theaveragefamily?

Itishometowhatisbelievedtobethelargest

A.FiestaBlancaSalsaCruise.BuddhainNewYorkCity.Takeamomentofcalminfront

ofthe16-footgoldstatueorattendaweekendpublic

B.LatinFilmNight.

service.Thisisthesecondhouseofworshipf礼拜

堂）

C.Tango&WineNight.foundedbytheEasternStatesBuddhistTempleof

America.Theirfirsthasservedthelocalcommunityat

D.CarnavaldelSol64MottStreetsince1962.

D1.WhatdoweknowaboutEdwardMooneyHouse?

WhafsthebestplacetogoifyouwanttoA.It'snowusedasaChineseclub.

experienceChinesecultureinNewYorkCity?The

B.Itwasbuiltinthe17thcentury.

answeristheChinatown.ltishometoChinesepeople

arrivinginNewYorkCity.BelowaresomeofthebiggestC.Itwillbeusedasabanksoon.

attractionsthere.

D.Ithasservedmanypurposes.

EdwardMooneyHouse

2.Ifyou'reinterestedinChinesemahjong,where

willyougo?

A.ColumbusPark.destroyedschoolbuildings.Manypeoplewerealso

trappedintheirhomes.Reportssaythatentiretowns

B.TheFivePoints.

andvillageswerecompletelywipedoutinnorthern

Pakistan.Theseriousdamagewasmainlybecauseof

C.EdwardMooneyHouse.

poorbuildings.

D.MahayanaBuddhistTemple.

IndianOceanEarthquake

3.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthe

KnownastheSumatra-Andamanearthquake，

passage?

IndianOceanEarthquakehappenedonDecember

A.TotellusaboutthehistoryofaChinatown.26,2004.Whiletheearthquakeitselflastedforonly10

seconds,itcausedatsunami（海啸）.Thetsunamikilled

B.TointroducesomeattractionsintheChinatown.

about200,000to310,000peoplealongtheshores（海滨）

C.ToexplainreasonsforvisitingNewYorkCity.ofIndonesia,SriLanka,SouthIndiaandThailandThere

wasonedeathevenhappeningatPortElizabethin

D.ToencourageustoexperienceChineseculture.

SouthAfrica,8,000milesawayfromthecenter

E1.WhatcanbelearntfromParagraph2?

EarthquakeshavekilledmanypeopleandhaveA.Haitiisapoorcountry.

causedseriousdamagetopeople'slife.Herearesomeof

B・Haitisufferedmanydisasters.

theworstearthquakesthathappenedaroundtheworld.

HaitiEarthquakeC.Over400,000peoplediedintheearthquake.

AgreatearthquakehitHaitionJanuary12,2010.ItsD.Haitireceivedinternationalhelpafterthe

centerwaslocatedjustsouthwestofPort-Au-Prince,theearthquake.

capitalandlargestcityofHaiti.ltisthestrongest

2.WhyweremanyyoungpeopleburiedinKashmir

earthquaketohitthecountrysince1770.Itledto

Earthquake?

100,000to316,000deathsandleft2millionpeople

homelessand3millionpeopleinneedofimmediateA.Itisthestrongestinhistory.

help.Atleast$195millionhavebeengivenbydifferent

B.ItscenterwasnearMuzaffarabad

countries,alongwithalargenumberofrescueworkers

（支援）

tosupportrescueefforts.C.Ithappenedduringtheschooltime.

KashmirEarthquake

D.Thereweretoomanyschoolbuildings.

TheKashmirearthquakehappenedonthemorning

3.WhydoestheauthormentionadeathinSouth

ofOctober8,2005.Itwascenterednearthecityof

Africainthelastparagraph?

MuzaffarabadTheofficialnumberofdeathswas75,000

andtherewere106,000peoplewhowereinjured.AsA.TosuggestSouthAfricaisfaraway.

Saturdayisanormalschooldayinthearea,most

B.Toshowhowstrongtheearthquakewas.

studentswereatschoolswhentheearthquake

happenedManyyoungpeoplewereburiedunderC.Totellustheearthquakekilledmanypeople.

D.ToprovetheearthquakewasfeltbySouthhasa500-footdock（码头），justincaseyou'dpreferto

Africa.arrivebyboat.

FBookatableinadvance,asitgetsbusy.

OfferingalargenumberofhighqualitydiningReservationPhone:/p>

choices,Miamihasbecomeafoodheaven.Butwhichare

1.WhatcanyoudowheneatingatUpland?

itsbestrestaurants?

A.Sitoutsideonthepatio.

Upland

B-Watchthecookingprocess.

Featuringanopenexhibitionkitchen,Uplandis

styledaftertheNewYorkCityoriginalandfeekmoreC.Appreciatethebeachview.

likeNewYorkthanMiami.

D.TastetraditionalNewYorkfood

Ifyouwanttoseeyourfoodprepared,bookoneof

theufrontrow”tableswithviewsoftheopenkitchen.2.Whichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwantto

haveanItaliandish?

ReservationPhone:/p>

A.B.

Red,theSteakhouse

C.D.

Servingonlythefinestcutsofmeatinitsown

uniquestyle,therestaurantisacontemporaryand3.Whichofthefollowingrestaurantswillyou

relaxedsteakhouse.There'savastchoiceofsteakswhichchooseifyouwanttosailthere?

areservedwithachoiceofsixsauces,aswellasagood

A.UplandB.Red,theSteakhouse.

selectionofseafood

C.ILGabbiano.D.Seaspice.

ReservationPhone:/p>

ILGabbiano

Popularwithlocals,globalvisitorsandsportsstars,

ILGabbianoservesadeliciousItalianmenuinafine

diningatmosphere.Thisisaverycompact（紧凑的）

restaurant.Tablesclosertothebarandatthewindow

offeralittlemorespace.Withmoreroomandgreat

views,outsideonthepatio（露台）isabetterchoice.

ReservationPhone:/p>

Seaspice

Thisdowntownrestaurantislocatedonthebankof

theMiamiRiver.Withhugewindowsandalargeoutside

答案

woodenarea,Seaspicehasaverymoderncharm.ltalso

A篇【语篇解读】语篇类型是应用文，主题语境1.C［细节理解题。根据LatinFilmNight中的It

是生活。不知道给母亲送什么礼物？作者给了我们一些costs$13foradultsand$11forstudents/seniorsfages

建议。60+)foronefilm,or$20forbothfilms可知,Mr.Black

是老年人，他的儿子是成年人，他俩看一场电影需要24

1.A［细节理解题。根据有关ShortRobe介绍中

美元。］

的Ifyourmomlikesnothingmorethanenjoyinglifein

theearlyhoursofthedaywithacupofcoffee,she'lllike2.C［细节理解题。根据Tango&WineNight中

thisshortrobe可知，对于经常早起的母亲来说，一件的Thisisaboutaneveningfortangodancing...Dancers

宽松的袍子是不错的礼物。］arefromArgentineTangoLab可知，探戈舞爱好者会对

这项活动很感兴趣。］

2.C［细节理解题。根据有关LibraryCardCup介

绍中的LibraryCardCup,$18.49,A可知应3.D［细节理解题。根据CarnavaldelSol中的Itis

选C项。］afreefamily-friendlyfestivalattheend