新教材英语选择性学案Unit2第二课时Usinglanguage

第二课时UsinglanguageⅠ.词汇初探1．worthwhileadj.值得做的；有价值的；有用的→worthadj.值……钱；相当于……的价值→worthyadj.有价值的；值得……的；可敬的2．blanketn.毯子；毛毯3．cucumbern.黄瓜4．enthusiasticadj.热情的；热心的→enthusiasmn.热情；热心5．upsetadj.心烦意乱的；不安的vt.使不安；使心烦→upset/upset/upsetting(过去式/过去分词/现在分词)6．electvt.选举；推选→electionn.选择；选举Ⅱ.短语互译1．充分地；尽可能地to_the_full/fullest2．由……组成be_made_up_of3．起起伏伏ups_and_downs4．对……有影响have_an_effect_on5．lendsb.anear倾听6．cheersb.up使……振作起来7．eacross偶遇8．contributeto对……做出贡献Ⅲ.经典句式1．Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasyto_maintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。2．Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.(P18)看到光明的一面是我们能为自己和他人做的最好的事情。3．Whydon'tyoutellmewhat's_up？(P19)你为什么不告诉我出什么事了？Ⅳ.语法初探——单句语法填空1.(2019·新课标Ⅰ卷)Scientistshaverespondedbynoting(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregating(聚集)aroundhumansettlements.2.(2019·浙江卷)Butsomestudentsdidn'twantto_wear(wear)theuniform.3.(2018·天津)Ididn'tmeanto_eat(eat)anythingbuttheicecreamlookedsogoodthatIcouldn'thelptrying(try)it.4．Thefilmstarwearssunglasses.Therefore,hecangoshoppingwithoutbeing_recognized(recognize)．5．It'squitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoing(go)foraswim?1eq\a\vs4\al(worthwhileadj.值得做的，有价值的，有用的)[教材原句]Eventhoughbeingascouthasitschallenges,Ifeelitisworthwhile.(P17)尽管当童子军有挑战，但我觉得这是值得的。eg.However,theeveningmakesitallworthwhile.然而这个傍晚让这一切都是值得的。[归纳拓展]eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(1It'sworthwhiledoingsth.,It'sworthwhiletodosth.))值得做某事(2)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(beworth＋n.值得……,bewellworthdoingsth.很值得做某事))(3)theworthof……的价值[名师点津]worth一般只作表语，需用程度副词well修饰，不可用very修饰；而worthwhile既可作表语又可作定语。[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Itisworthwhilevisiting/to_visitthebeautifulWestLake.参观美丽的西湖是值得的。②Thecoinisofhighqualityandworthcollecting(collect)．2eq\a\vs4\al(effectn.结果；效力)[教材原句]Agoodattitudecanhaveapositiveeffectonotherpeople.(P18)一个好的态度会对别人产生积极的影响。eg.Themedicinealsohasapositiveeffecton/upontheheartandthebloodflow.这种药对心脏和血液流动也有积极的影响。[归纳拓展](1)haveaneffecton/upon对……有效；对……产生影响put/bringoeffect实施；实行；使生效eintoeffect/takeeffect(法律、规则或制度)生效；实施ofnoeffect没有效果的；没有影响的sideeffect副作用(2)effectiveadj.有效的；实际的[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①It'sreportedthatthisregulationwille_into_effectfromSeptember1,2021.据报道本章程自2021年9月1日起生效。②Thechangesinourpopulationwillhavelastingeffectson/uponoursocialdevelopmentandourwayoflife.③Oneofthemosteffective(effect)waystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.eq\o(\s\up1(3),\s\do5())upsetadj.心烦意乱的；烦恼的vt.使不安；使心烦upset，upset，upsetting[教材原句]Whyareyousoupset？(P19)你为什么这么难过？[归纳拓展](1)beupsetabout/over/atsth.为某事烦心beupsettodosth.对做某事感到不安/难过beupsetthat...……让人不安(2)upsetoneselfaboutsth.为某事而烦恼Itupsetssb.todosth./that...让某人心烦的是……[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①It_upsets_me_tothinkofherallaloneinthatbighouse.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。②Inmyopinion，thereisnopointbeingupsetabout/over/atit.③Hestoodupsuddenly,upsetting(upset)aglassofwine.④Shewasupsetto_know(know)thatherapplicationforthepositionwasrefused.[熟词生义]①Iupsetacupofcoffeeonhisshirt，makingmequiteembarrassed.(vt.打翻)②Allmyplanswereupsetbythesuddenchangeintheweather.(vt.打乱)1eq\a\vs4\al(bemadeupof构成；组成)[教材原句]Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns,itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.(P18)生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。[归纳拓展]makeup组成；编造；化妆；弥补；和好makeupfor弥补……bemadeof/from由……制成bemadeinto把……制成bemadeoutof由……制成bemadein(某物)产于某地makeit获得成功；准时到达makeout看清；分清；辨认清楚[即时巩固](1)写出下列句中makeup的汉语意思①Thequarrelwasonlyaboutatrivialmatter,butitwasyearsbeforetheymadeitup.讲和；和好②TheteacheraskedthechildrentomakeupapoemaboutChristmas.编造③Somehowthepanyhasgottomakeupforallthetimewe'velost.弥补；偿还④Whenshegoesouttovisitfriends,sheisverymuchmadeup.化妆；打扮⑤Leavethisnoticehangingonyourdoor,askingtheservanttomakeupyourroom.铺床；整理(2)完成句子①Lifeismade_up_oftinytrifles.生活是由琐碎的事构成的。②Don'tmake_up_anyexcuseanymoreforyouringlate.不要再为你来晚了编造任何理由了。2eq\a\vs4\al(passon传递；继续前进)[教材原句]Remember,yourattitudeiscontagious,somakesureyoupassonagoodone！(P18)记住，你的态度是有感染力的，所以一定要传递好的态度！eg.Pleasepassonthemessagetoasmanypeopleaspossible.请将这个消息传递给尽可能多的人。[归纳拓展]passaway消失；去世passby(时间)逝去pass...down(fromsb.)tosb.把……传给……；把……往下传pass...onto传递pass...offas...(某人)冒充成……passout晕倒passthrough经历；体验passover忽略；省略[即时巩固]完成句子①Attheparty,shepassedherselfoffasanexperiencedactresswhichislaughedbyothers.在晚会上，她冒充有经验的演员，别人都嘲笑她。②Inearlypassed_outwhenIsawalltheblood.看到那么多血，我差点晕了过去。3eq\a\vs4\al(eacross偶然遇见；碰见)[教材原句]TodayIcameacrossmyfriendDawei.(P19)今天我遇到了我的朋友大伟。eg.Whilecleaningthehouseyesterday,Icameacrossanoldphotographofmymother.在打扫房屋时，我偶然发现了一张妈妈的旧照片。[归纳拓展]eabout发生eon快点；加油；得了吧eout出现；开花；发行；发表eup(问题、计划等)被提及；升起；长出地面eupwith提出eto共计；达到；被想出[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Asolutioncameupattheendofthemeeting.②Whenhecameacrossanewword,hewouldoftenlookitupinthedictionaryandfindoutitsexactmeaning.③Howdiditeaboutthatheknewwherewewere?④Itsuddenlycametoherthatshehadbeenwrongallalong.4eq\a\vs4\al(contributeto有助于，促成，为……做贡献)[教材原句]Youfeelannoyedbecauseagroupmemberdoesn'twanttocontributetoyourgroup'swork.(P19)你感到恼火是因为一个小组成员不想为你的小组工作做贡献。[归纳拓展](1)contributev．促成；捐献，捐助；撰稿contribute...to/towards...向……捐献……；向……投稿contributeideas/money/anarticle出主意/捐钱/投稿(2)contributionn.贡献makeacontributionto/makecontributionsto对……做出贡献[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Volunteeror,ifyoucan，contributealittlemoneytoacause.做志愿者或者如果可以的话，给某个事业捐点儿钱。②Medicalnegligencewassaidtohavecontributedtoherdeath.③Thescientistwasrewardedbythegovernmentforhavingmadesuchagreatcontribution(contribute)tothecountry.④Theirinventionshavecontributedtodeveloping(develop)electricalengineering.eq\o(\s\up1(1),\s\do5())Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns，itisnotalwayseasytomaintainagoodandenthusiasticattitude.P18生活是由起起落落组成的，要保持一种良好而热情的态度并不总是容易的。[句式分析]句中Withlifebeingmadeupofupsanddowns属于“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构。该结构常作原因、条件、时间、方式或伴随状语，也可作后置定语。[归纳拓展]with的复合结构可细化为以下几个情景：(1)with＋名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语。(2)with＋宾语＋todo。不定式和宾语之间是被动关系，表示尚未发生的动作。(3)with＋宾语＋done。过去分词和宾语之间是被动关系，表示动作已经完成。(4)with＋宾语＋doing。宾语和动词­ing之间是主动关系，动词­ing所表示的动作和主句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。[即时巩固]单句语法填空①Withourinesincreasing,moreandmoreofushaveprivatecars.②Witheverythingheneededbought(buy),heleftthestore.③Withsomanypeoplemunicating(municate)inEnglisheveryday,itwillbeemoreandmoreimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish.④Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothesto_wash(wash)．eq\o(\s\up1(2),\s\do5())Lookingonthebrightsideisthebestthingthatwecandoforourselvesaswellasforothers.P18看到光明的一面是我们能为自己和他人做的最好的事情。[句式分析]aswellas也；既……又……；不但……而且……；和……一样好[归纳拓展]aswellas的用法：(1)用作连词，连接两个相同的成分，如名词、形容词等，通常不位于句首，相当于notonly。当aswellas连接主语时，谓语动词必须和aswellas前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致(即与比较远的那个主语保持一致，简称“就远原则”)。类似的词还有togetherwith,alongwith,with,besides,but,except,including,ratherthan等。(2)用作介词，相当于besides,inadditionto，意为“除……之外(还有……)”，后面通常接名词或动词­ing形式。may/might(just)aswelldo...表示委婉的建议，一般是针对当时的情况提出另外的提议，意为“不妨……，还是……吧”。[即时巩固]完成句子/单句语法填空①Shecansing；shecanplaythepianoas_well.她会唱歌，她也会弹钢琴。②Theteacheraswellashisstudentswas(be)interestedinthefilm.③Thedeadlineoftheprojectisnear，sowemightaswellget(get)somehelp.非谓语动词作宾语一、动词不定式作宾语1．下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：决心学会想希望；拒绝设法愿假装。主动答应选计划；同意请求帮一帮。decide/determine，learn，want，expect/hope/wish;refuse，manage，care，pretend;offer，promise，choose，plan；agree，ask/beg，help。Weagreedtomeetattheschoolgate.我们一致同意在校门口见面。ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.当我经过时，她假装没看见我。此外，afford，strive，happen，wait，threaten等也要用不定式作宾语。2．形式宾语it:在某些动词如find,think,consider,feel,make,believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。即“主语＋consider/think/find/feel/make/believe＋it＋adj./n.＋todosth.”。Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。3．可接“疑问词＋不定式”结构作宾语的动词有：teach,decide,wonder,show,learn,consider,know等。Haveyoudecidedwheretospendyourholiday?你决定去哪儿度假了吗？二、动名词作宾语1．下列动词或词组只能用动名词作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：考虑建议盼原谅；承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练；否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险；不禁介意准逃亡。consider，suggest/advise，lookforwardto，excuse/pardon;admit，delay/putoff，fancy;avoid，miss，keep/keepon，practice/practise;deny，finish，enjoy/appreciate;forbid，imagine，risk;can'thelp，mind，allow/permit，escape。Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.我对你今天下午回表示感谢。Thesquirrelsweresoluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.松鼠们很幸运没有被抓住。2．beused/accustomedto，leadto，devoteto，gobackto，stickto，objectto，getdownto，payattentionto，can'tstand(无法忍受)，giveup，feellike，insiston，thank...for，apologizefor，bebusy(in)，havedifficulty/trouble(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)，spendtime(in)等短语和动词词组后也要用动名词作宾语。Heisusedtogettingupearly.他习惯了很早起床。Heartfailurecansometimesleadtobeingkilled.心力衰竭有时可能会导致死亡。三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意：forgeteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.忘记要做某事,doingsth.忘记已经做过某事))regreteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.对即将做的事表示遗憾未做,doingsth.对做过的事表示后悔已做))tryeq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.尽力去做某事,doingsth.试着做某事))gooneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.继续做另一件事,doingsth.继续做原来在做的事))remembereq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.记着去做某事未做,doingsth.记着做了某事已做))meaneq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth.打算做某事,doingsth.意味着做某事))Raisingsalarymeansincreasingpurchasingpower.涨工资意味着提高购买力。Hedidn'tmeantohurtyou.他并没有打算伤害你。Don'tforgettolockthedoor.别忘了锁门。Irememberpostingtheletters.我记得寄过信了。四、need,demand,want,require等在表示“需要”时，用动名词的主动形式表被动，或用不定式的被动形式，但动名词形式更常见。Thewallneedstobepainted.＝Thewallneedspainting.墙壁需要粉刷了。五、接不定式/动名词且意义差别不大的动词1．表示“爱憎喜恶”的情感类动词hate,love,like,prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词作宾语时，意义虽相同，内涵却有些区别——接不定式作宾语时，多表示一次性的、具体的动作；接动名词作宾语时，多表示习惯性的、一般性的动作。如：Theypreferstayingindoorswhenitiscold.天冷时他们喜欢待在屋里。Wouldyouprefertostayathomethisevening?今晚你想待在家里吗？2．begin,start,continue等少数几个动词后接动名词或不定式作宾语时意义差别不大。如：Tombegantolearn/learninghowtouseaputer.汤姆开始学习如何使用电脑。[即时巩固]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskofdying(die)earlybyrunning.2．Iquicklylowermyself,duckingmyheadtoavoidlooking(look)directlyintohiseyessohedoesn'tfeelchallenged.3．Istillremembervisiting(visit)afriendwho'dlivedhereforfiveyearsandIwasshockedwhenIlearntshehadn'tcookedonceinallthattime.4．Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeating(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.5．Butunlikeherschoolfriends,16­year­oldSarahisnotspendinghalf­termresting(rest)．6．Still,theboykeptriding(ride)．7．Theymanagedto_finish(finish)theworkontime.8．Headmittedhaving_stolen(steal)themoneyinthesafe.Ⅱ.完成句子1．Wecan'taffordto_goonvacationthisyear.今年我们没钱去度假。2．Thedoctoradvisedtakingmoreexercise.医生建议多锻炼。3．It'stimeIgotdowntothinkingaboutthatessay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。4．—Thatwouldmeanwastingalotoflabour.——那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。—Really?Idon'tmeanto_wasteanylabour.——是吗？我并没有打算浪费劳动力。5．Hedecidedto_go_abroadforfurthereducation.他决定去国外深造。Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Hethinksitworth