专题02定语从句口语2完形填空（知识梳理提高）（原卷版）

专题02定语从句+口语2+完形填空·模块一定语从句考点归纳·模块二口语：情景提问·模块三完形填空·模块四高考常考词组2·模块五2024届上海高三名校真题速递模块模块一定语从句考点归纳关系词关系代词关系副词考点一：区分用关系代词还是关系副词。先判断定语从句句子成分，若从句缺主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾补，则用关系代词，指人用who或that，宾格用whom或that，指人或物的定语用whose，指物用which或that，as则用于固定搭配thesame/such/soas中；注意：关系代词作宾语时可以省略，此时容易做错题目。若缺状语则用关系副词，先行词是时间用when，地点用where，原因用why。Thisisthemanwho/thathelpedmewhenIwasintrouble.Thedoctor(whom/that)youarelookingforisintheroom.Thecowswhich/thatmayhavebeenexposedtoBSEwillbedestroyed.That’sthestudentswhoseapplicationwehavejustread.I’mwearingthesamedressasyouworeyesterday.(同一类)Thisisthesamedressthatyouworeyesterday.(同一个)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishaschildrencouldunderstand.(定语从句)TheytalkedinsuchsimpleEnglishthatchildrencouldunderstandit.(结果状语从句)DoyouknowtheyearwhenTheDeclarationofIndependencewaspublished?Thehotelwherewestayedwasveryclean.Canyoutellmethereasonwhyyouaresounhappy?Iknowthereason(which/that)heexplainedatthemeeting.考点二：先行词为抽象时间和地点名词。常考抽象时间：occasion；常考抽象地点：case,point,situation,circumstance,stage,state,position等。Thereareoccasionswhenjokingisnotpermissible.IgottothestagewhereIwasn’tcopinganymore.Igottothestage(which/that)Iwasn’tcopingwithanymore.考点三：关系代词只用that,which或who的情况。用that的情况：1、先行词为all,much,few,little,something,everything,anything,nothing,none等不定代词时。2、先行词有thevery,theonly,thesame,all,any,each,every,few,little,no,oneof等词修饰时。3、先行词有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。4、先行词是数词或被数词修饰。5、先行词既有人又有物时。6、在以which，who，what引起的问句中。7、关系代词在限定性从句中作表语。Wehaven’tgotmuchthatwecanofferyou.Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthathehadvisited.Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.用which的情况：1、非限制性定语从句中。2、关系代词前有介词时。Myhouse,whichIboughttwoyearsago,hasgotalovelygarden.IwasputinapositioninwhichIhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.用who的情况：1、先行词是one,ones,anyone,those时。2、当先行词有较长的后置定语时。3、在therebe开头的句子中。4、一个句子带有两个定语从句时，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that,另一个宜用who。Onewhohasnothingtofearforoneselfdarestotellthetruth.Thereisayoungmanwhowantstoseeyourfather.ImetagirlinthestreetyesterdaywhogrewupinwesternYunnanprovince.考点四：非限制性定语从句及其关系代词as,which的用法区别。非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明或描述的作用，用逗号与主句隔开。关系词只有who,whom,whose,which,as,when,where。其中as与which都可指主句整个句子。其区别为：1、位置不同which引导的定语从句只置于所限定的句子后；as引导的定语从句可置于所限制的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.2、先行词不同as引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词多为一个句子；which引导非限定性定语从句时，其先行词可以是一个词，一个短语或一个句子。Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.3、as有“正如”、“就像”之意，对主句内容进行评述，which则没有此含义。常用的结构有asweknow;asoftenhappens;asisoftenthecase;asweallcansee;asisannounced/expected/known/imagined/mentioned/said/shown/reported等。4、which在非限定性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语；而as做主语时，谓语常用系动词，如be,seem,bee等，一般不用其他行为动词。Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.Hedidn’tsayanythingatthemeeting,as/whichseemedverystrange.考点五：介词+关系代词（which，whom，whose）的情况。1、介词+关系代词2、名词/代词/数词+介词+关系代词3、形容词最高级+介词+关系代词4、介词+关系代词+名词MandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.MandelawastheblacklawyerforwhoseadviceIasked.Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI’vepletelyforgotten.Chinahasthousandsofislands,thelargestofwhichisTaiwan.Icalledhimbythewrongname,forwhichmistakeIapologized.考点六：theway后、分隔式和有插入语的定语从句Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway(that/inwhich)hesaidit.Thecountryhasariverflowingthroughthecitythatplaysanimportantpartinthelivesofitspeople.Thisisthewomanwhothemusiciansaidwasregardedasthebestpianistinthecountry.模块模块二口语：情景提问测量目标：能运用所学的语言功能意念知识/根据情景要求进行询问以获得所需的信息。答题时，首先应该正确理解所给情景，其次要针对情景中需要解决的问题提问，也就是要问在点子上。尤其是当有些题目对提问的范围已做出明显的限制时，更要注意提问的有效性。另外根据指示语的要求，对每个情景所提的两个问题中，一定要有一个特殊疑问句，不能是两个一般疑问句。但两个问题都是特殊疑问句的话是可以接受的。情景提问部分评分标准：1分 能对所给的情景进行提问，内容恰当，问句结构正确。0.5分 提问基本符合情景要求，但语言结构有错误。0分 不能提问或提问不符合情景要求。(注：1.对同一情景问两个一般疑问句，第二个问题得0.5分；2.两个问题针对同一信息，第二个问题得0.5分；3.问两个特殊疑问句不扣分。）Directions:Asktwoquestionsabouteachsituationgivenbelow.Atleastonespecialquestionshouldbeaskedabouteachsituation.Questions12:YourAmericanteacherisgoingtogiveyoudramalessonsthissemester.Youasktheteacheraboutthelessons.Question1:Question2:Questions34:YouaregoingtovisitaroyalpalaceinThailand.Youaskyourtourguideabouttheroyalpalace.Question3:Question4:模块模块三完型填空1、解题步骤1）要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。2）在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。3）再次细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。4）答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。2、解题技巧1）精读首句，把握主题。Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneofthekeythinkersintheartofmanagement,developedthemostfamousTheoryXandTheoryY.TheoryXistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51workandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwork.51.A.desire B.seek C.lose D.dislike2）注意句子逻辑关系。——并列、递进、对立（转折/对比/让步）、因果、例证等。并列：Expensiveworksofartareoftenstoredinprotectiveboxespletewithdetectorstomonitorhumidityandtemperaturelevels,andtoprotectthemfromsundamageorother__45__suchasaspilledcupofcoffee.45.A.accidentsB.appliances C.measures D.drinks因果：Eatingfastfoodmakespeopleimpatientevenwhentheyarenotshortoftime,anewstudyclaims.StudentsinthestudybecameanxiousevenwhenshownthelogoofburgerchainMcDonald’ssoquicklyonscreenthattheycouldnot__42__it.42.A.recognizeB.investigate C.diagnoseD.recall对立：Participantsalsopreferredtimesavingproductslikethreeinoneskincaretreatmentsratherthan__49__versionsafterseeingthelogos.49.A.separateB.specialC.expensive D.original总分：Theoutesmaywellvaryaccordingtoindividualresponsestothedrugs.__47__,someresearchhasfoundthatwhilestimulantscanimprovetestperformanceforthosewhoarelessintelligent,forthesmartestfolks,thedrugscanhavetheoppositeeffect.47.A.ForexampleB.OnthecontraryC.Asaresult D.Ontheotherhand递进：Listeningwellalsorequirestotalconcentrationuponsomeoneelse.Anessentialpartoflisteningwellistheruleknownas‘bracketing’.Bracketingincludesthetemporarygivinguporsettingasideofyourownprejudicesanddesires,toexperienceasfaraspossiblesomeoneelse’sworldfromtheinside,steppingintohisorhershoes.___55___,sincelisteningwellinvolvesbracketing,italsoinvolvesatemporaryacceptanceoftheotherperson.55.A.ThereforeB.Moreover C.However D.Forinstance3）根据上下文，理解语篇。——句意理解、词汇复现、释义词汇复现：Wearefloodedbyemails,texts,orthenewsfeedsonourFacebookpages.MyfriendRonreferstothistechnologyas“weaponsofmassdistraction.”Buthowisthismassdistractionaffectingourdegreeofpresenceandabilitytoattendtotheeverydaydemandsoflife?The__45__isjustpartofthelargerpicture.Dealingwithacrowdofdailytextmessagesandemailsmakesitdifficultforustobebyourselveswhenallthatactivitystops.45.A.attention B.association C.demand D.distraction释义：Shecanalsodeterminetherighttreatmentwhenyourconditionfallsoutsideofwhatisinthe___43___,wherenewbiesgetmostoftheirideas.Formanymedicaltreatments,there’sadirectconnectionbetweenphysicianexperienceandyourtreatingoute.43.A.mediaB.traditionC.realityD.textbook句意理解：Clichéscanbe__42__accordingtowhethertheywereoriginallyidioms,similesandproverbs,expressionsfromtradesor__43__phrases.42. A.confirmed B.quoted C.inferred D.classified43. A.invented B.customized C.recognized D.underlined模块模块四高考常考词组2(A)需要熟记的词组 bansb.fromdoing/abanon 禁止…做 abarriertoprogress 进步的障碍blockone'sprogress 阻碍某人进步beinbalance 在平衡状态adeadbattery 电池没电了bearsth.inmind 记住bebehindmeinEnglish. 英语比我差fallbehind/outofdate 落后/过时了forthetimebeing 暂时bebeneficialto …对…有好处beyondone'simagination 超出想象believein 相信belongto 属于blamesb.forsth. 指责…有错botherabout 为担心boastof 对…自豪、吹嘘goonboardtheplane 登上飞机breakthebadhabit 改掉坏习惯bringsb.up 养育某人browsethroughabook 随便翻看书burstintolaughter 忍不住大笑buildupenergy 积蓄能量takesth.bymistake 拿错bymeansof 以…为手段rise/increase/decreaseby10% 增长10%abarriertoprogress 进步的障石bebornin 出生于beblindinbotheyes 双目失明breakout （火、战争）爆发bringabout 造成结果(B)单词中容易混淆的词base/basisbeat/winblock/barrier(C)常考句型Itwasn’tlongbeforesb.didsth.当时没过多久就…Itwon’tbelongbeforesb.do/doessth.不久后就将Itwasn’tlongbeforeherealizethemistake.当时不久他就发现了错误Itwon’tbelongbeforewegetreunitedagain.不久我们就将重聚模块模块五2024届上海高三名校真题速递一、定语从句1．Thisisthereasonhedidn’tetothemeeting.A．when B．why C．that D．who2．ThereisagirlsellsChinaDailyaroundthecorner.A．who B．where C．inwhich D．which3．DoyouknowtheyeartheChinesemunistPartywasfounded?A．which B．that C．when D．whose4．—DoyouliketheweeklyprogramReadersonCCTV?—Sure.It’sagreatTVprogram_________candevelopthehabitofreading.A．who B．that C．what D．whose5．iswellknowntous,Tianjinhasahistoryofmorethan600years.A．As B．What C．Where D．It6．Mostwomenidentifiedatleastonetrustedfriends________theycouldturnforhelp.A．towhich B．onwhich C．towhom D．onwhom7．________isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A．Which B．That C．As D．What8．Mary,________drawingswereshownattheexhibitionlastmonth,isamodelstudent.A．who B．which C．whom D．whose9．WrittenChinesehasalsobeeanimportantmeansChina’spresentisconnectedwithitspast.A．forwhich B．onwhich C．bywhich D．onthat10．Lastsummerholiday,Iwentbacktomyhometown,__________theneighborsandthehouse__________Iusedtobefamiliarwithweregone.A．onlyfinding;which B．onlytofind;that C．tofind;where D．found;that11．Thatboywasrudetotheconductor,______ofcourse,madethingsevenworse.A．who B．whom C．what D．which12．John,aprofessorattheKing’sCollegeLondon,isoneofthesmallbutgrowingminority______arecuttingbackontheirairtravelbecauseofclimatechange.A．what B．which C．where D．who13．ADisneythemedairplane,________bodyhugeMickeyMousefigureswerepainted,appearedinShanghai.A．ofwhich B．acrosswhose C．acrosswhich D．ofwhose14．Theabsolutemostimportantskill________youlearnwhenyouplaychessishowtomakegooddecisions.A．that B．what C．whether D．how15．________isknowntousallthattheoldscientist,for________lifewashardinthepast,stillworkshardinhiseighties.A．As;whose B．It;whom C．It;whose D．As;whom16．Sheishalfwaythroughthepreparationyears,________mostforeignstudentspletesbeforeapplyingforadegreecourse.A．inwhich B．which C．ofwhich D．when17．Mymotherisgratefultothesurgeon,without________firstaidshewouldneverrosetoherfeetagain.A．whom B．his. C．which D．whose18．StephenHawkingbelievesthattheearthisunlikelytobetheonlyplanet______lifehasdevelopedgradually.A．what B．that C．where D．which19．CelesteNg’slatestbook,plotisquitenewandoriginal,hasreceivedalotofattention.A．which B．where C．whose D．that20．—Doyouknowthegirlwith________wetalkedjustnow?—Ofcourse.Sheismybestfriend.A．whose B．which C．who D．whom二、完形填空（2023上·上海松江·高三统考期末）Parishaslongbeenattheheartofthehistoryofflight.ItiswheretheMontgolfierbrotherswentupinthefirsthotairballoonin1783,andwhereCharlesLindberghpletedthefirstonepersontransatlanticareophanejourneyin1927.Nextyear,ifallgoestoplan,Pariswillwitnessthebirthofanotherindustry21,whenVolocopter,aGermanmakerofelectricaircraft,launchesaflyingtaxiserviceduringtheOlympicGames.AttheParisAirshowinJune,Volocopterandsomeofitspetitorsdisplayedanewgenerationof22flyingmachinesdesignedforurbantransport.Theelectrificationofaviation(航空)hasoftenbeendismissedasapipedream,withbatteriesassumedtooheavya23fortraditionalfuelinanairbornevehicle.Forlongerjourneys,thatmaywellbetrue.YetupstartslikeVolocopterarebettingthatelectrificationcan24aboomindemandforcleanandquickairjourneysovershorterdistances.Themainformofaflyingtaxiunder25,calledanelectricvertical(垂直的)takeoffandlanding(eVTOL)aircraft,isexpectedtocarryuptofourpassengersplusapilot.Poweredbybatteries,itispredictedtobebothquietenoughtoreduceplaintsincrowdedcities,andfast:capableofupto300kph,enoughtofortably26acar,especiallytheonestuckintraffic.AndoptimistsbelievetheabsenceoftrafficintheskywillalsomakeeVTOLswellsuitedto27operation.Theycouldprovehandyfortransportinggoods,too.Thatvisionhasinspired28predictions.Forexample,MorganStanley,aninvestmentbank,estimatesglobalspendingoneVTOLscouldhit$1,000billionby2040!Regardlessoftheabove29expectations,challengesremain.Oneproblemistechnicalcertification,whichisturningouttobea(n)30processasaviationregulatorsworkonanentirelynewformofaircraft.Latelastyear,duetoregulatorydelaysandsomeotherfactors,Joby,aSiliconValleystartup,wasforcedto31itslaunchbyonemoreyearuntil2025.Manyhaveevenlongertogo.Thebiggerquestionis—isthebusinessofflyingtaxis32practicable?EVTOLscurrentlyrangeinpricefrom$1millionto$4million.Somebelievethattheircostmayedownastheindustrydevelops.BrianYutkoofWisk,amakerbackedbyBoeing,saysthatflyingtaxirideswillbeaccessibleto33inthenearfuture.AndJobypromisesthatitsfareswillbeparabletocatchingamontaxi.34,thereisanoppositebeliefthateVTOLsarelikelytoremainexpensive.Somestudiessuggestthecostcouldendupashighas$7perkilometer,manytimesaregulartaxifare.Thatmeans,evenwithoutapilot,flyingtaxismayremainaconvenience35onlytoaluckyfew.Let’sexpectplentymoreexperimentswithelectricaircraftintheyearsahead.21．A．cooperator B．petitor C．observer D．pioneer22．A．winddriven B．batterydriven C．gasdriven D．solardriven23．A．substitute B．shelter C．treatment D．desire24．A．regulate B．maintain C．unlock D．reverse25．A．pressure B．attack C．development D．repair26．A．underestimate B．update C．outpace D．overdo27．A．rigid B．autonomous C．attentive D．illegal28．A．daring B．discouraging C．unclear D．ordinary29．A．technological B．unrealistic C．rewarding D．enthusiastic30．A．efficient B．simple C．lengthy D．intelligent31．A．putoff B．speedup C．objectto D．approveof32．A．historically B．technically C．theoretically D．economically33．A．thelearned B．thedisabled C．theseniors D．themasses34．A．Furthermore B．However C．Fortunately D．Consequently35．A．affordable B．valuable C．unbelievable D．unsuitable（2023上·上海·高三上海市建平中学校考期中）InMumbai,there’stheceaselessclamorofcarhomesasdriversedgethroughtraffic.There’spoundingandbuzzingfromtheconstructionofofficetowersandapartmentblocks.Drumbeatsandtrumpetmelodiesspilloutfromweddingsandcountlessfestivals.Andit’salltoppedoffbybellowing(大声吼叫的)streetvendorsandgarbagetrucksblastingBollywoodsongs.LivinginMumbairequiresahuge36fornoise.WhenSumairaAbdulalibegancampaigningagainstnoisepollutioninIndia’sfinancialcapitaltwodecadesago,friends,acquaintancesandevenherlawyersinsisteditwas37.“Peopletoldmeit’sfoolishtoeventry,becauseIndianslovenoise,”shesays.“We’reanoisycountry.”Butin2003,Abdulaliwonalawsuitseekingto38environmentalrulesthathadallowedloudmusiclateintothenightduringafestival.39,thevictoryledtoabanonloudspeakerswithin100metersofschools,hospitals,courtsandplacesofworship.AndshehassincewonmorethanadozenotheractionsbothonherownandviatheAwaazFoundation(awaazmeans“noise”inHindi),whichshelaunchedin2006.TheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatnoiseisatopthreattohuman40,affectingnotonlyhearingbutalsosleep,braindevelopmentandcardiovascularhealth.AbdulaliclaimsMumbaiistheworld’s41city.AstudyledbyRiteshVijay,anexpertfromIndia’sNationalEnvironmentalEngineeringResearchInstitute,didfindthatnoiselevelsinMumbaiandsurroundingareasin2020dramaticallyexceedlegallimits.Inrecentyears,thebattleagainstnoisehasbeeincreasingly42,withAbdulalioftenfacingpowerfulinterestswhoconsideritaninevitablebyproductofgrowth.Withincreasing43,evermorepeopleareexposedtocontinuousnoise.InarapidlyexpandingcitysuchasMumbai,withapopulationtopping12million,demandforhousingputsnoiserules44developmentplans.Althoughsoundbarriersarerequiredforconstructionprojects,they’reexpensive,sodevelopers45installingthem.Trafficisatougherproblem.Noiseontheroadcanreach110decibels(分贝)—alevelthatcanleadtopermanenthearingdamageafterjust15minutesofexposure,accordingtotheUSCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention.Luckily,46canhelpinthefight,Vijaysays.Hesuggestsdevicesthatmeasurehornuse,whichwouldletofficialsoffer47driversrewardslikedeductions(扣除)oncarinsurance.Dynamicsignaling,wheresensorslinkedtostoplightsdetecttrafficdensity,wouldimprovevehicleflowand48

theurgetoresorttohorns,hesays.Localgovernmentalso49.Mumbaidecreed(颁布)India’sfirst“NoHonking”dayin2008,withpolicehandingoutbookletstoraiseawarenessabouttrafficnoiseandimposingfinesupto1,000rupees($12)onoffendingmotorists.Farmoreimportantisthelongertermimpactofthedaytodaynoise,sothat’swhereVijaybelievesactivistsshouldfocustheirenergy.“InIndiawecelebratefestivalswithlotsofnoise,”hesays.“Butour50noiseitselfisbeyondtheallowedlimit.”36．A．talent B．potential C．demand D．tolerance37．A．encouraging B．reasonable C．ridiculous D．depressing38．A．takeadvantageof B．putanendto C．layemphasison D．throwlighton39．A．Therefore B．Similarly C．Subsequently D．However40．A．wellbeing B．intelligence C．interaction D．behavior41．A．largest B．busiest C．loudest D．richest42．A．difficult B．successful C．diverse D．easy43．A．availability B．capitalization C．urbanization D．convenience44．A．inpacewith B．incontactwith C．inleaguewith D．inconflictwith45．A．remend B．justify C．resist D．advocate46．A．government B．technology C．finance D．psychology47．A．quiet B．brave C．safe D．alert48．A．trigger B．satisfy C．reduce D．maintain49．A．stepsin B．takesover C．cutsin D．takesoff50．A．traffic B．construction C．ceremony D．background（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Whatwillyoudowhenyouarehungry?Ofcourse,anyonewouldgoandgrabsomethingtoeat.Andthen,whatdeterminesthe51offoodyoutakein?Youmaynotberightifyouransweristhedegreeofhunger.Theconventionalconceptthat52isthekeyfactorisopentochallenge.Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintake(摄入)areinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesour53needforenergy.Someofthefactorsincludeoureating54andourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.Studieshaveshownthat55eating,forinstance,eatingwhilewatchingTV,orasimilardistraction,canincreasebothhungerandfoodconsumption.Evensimple56clues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectconsumption.Anewstudysuggestedthatourshortterm57alsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people’shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey’dseeninfrontofthem—58,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.Thisdifferencesuggeststhattherecallofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonour59thantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.Thesefindingsagreewiththeearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimes60

ourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame380caloriemilkshakeontwo61occasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhungerrelatedhormones(荷尔蒙),dependingonwhethertheshake’s62

saiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeeling63whentheythoughtthey’dconsumedahighercaloriesshake.Whatdoesthismeantooureatinghabits?Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltocheatourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenifitoffocusingonourfood,avoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.Thesocalledmindfuleatingstrategiescanfightagainst64whileweareeating.By65mindfuleatingtechniques,youhavetheopportunitytochangeyourcurrenteatinghabitsbybeingmoreselfawareandintunetoyourbody’shungercues.51．A．quality B．amount C．nutrient D．variety52．A．deliciousness B．hunger C．nutrition D．flavor53．A．occasional B．potential C．external D．biological54．A．environment B．content C．time D．ability55．A．habitual B．purposeful C．unfocused D．absorbed56．A．optional B．visual C．hidden D．flexible57．A．vacancy B．hunger C．supply D．memory58．A．inotherwords B．asawhole C．byallmeans D．allinall59．A．motive B．growth C．appetite D．health60．A．advocate B．trick C．justify D．enhance61．A．identical B．alternative C．dependent D．separate62．A．label B．function C．usage D．material63．A．wiser B．healthier C．happier D．fuller64．A．distress B．waste C．distraction D．fullness65．A．employing B．perceiving C．clarifying D．assuming（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Youhavetomakeaspeech.Youhavedoneyourresearchandnowhaveplentyofideasbouncingaroundinyourheadthatyouwanttogetacross.Thebig66youfaceatthispointishowtoorganizethosethoughts.Orperhapsyouareplanningtowriteapaper,andallyouhaveisthemaintopic.Youneedtobrainstormsomesupportingideasandthen67howthoseideasfittogether.Thesearejusttwocasesthatmanypeopledealwith68.Someuseoutliningtofleshoutand69theirideas,butisthatthebeststrategy?Ifeveryonethoughtinalinear(线性的)manner,thentheanswerwouldbeyes,butmostpeopledon’t.Entermindmapping,a70thatshowshowdifferentideasandfactsrelatetooneanother.Thistwodimensional(二维的)71isdesignedtohelpyourememberinformationbecauseitsformatiseasyforyourmindto72.Mindmapshaveproventoincreasenotonlyproductivityand73butalsomemory.Morethan250millionpeopleworldwideusethem,sowhydon’tyouhaveatryandseewhattheyareallabout?Whatisamindmap?Simplyput,itisone’sideasputintotheformofa74diagramthatstartswithacentralidea.Putthisideainabubble(气泡)inthemiddleofapagewithlinesradiatingouttootherbubblesthatcontainrelatedthemesorconcepts.Itshouldlooklikeamanyleggedspider.Usewords,shortphrasesor75toexpressyourideas.Theseassociationsoftenleadtootherideasthatcanbeaddedatthesamelevelorinsmallerbrancheswhere76.Usecolorcodedbubblesforavisualrepresentationofeachbranch’s77.Youarenowmappingyourthoughtsandideasinthewayyourbrainthinks.Studieshaveshownthatthistechniqueofusingpictures,colorsandvisualarrangementhasimprovedpeople’srecallandmemoryofinformationby10to15percent.Butitdoesn’tstopthere.Creativityisarousedbecauseofthespatialarrangement,78peopletomakemorelinksandassociationsontopicsofanykind.79,itincreasesone’sproductivitybecausemindmappingmakesiteasiertolearnfasterwhilemunicatingmoreeffectively.Sowhetheryou’re80aprojectorwritingaresearchpaper,makethistechniqueacorepartofyourplanningprocess!66．A．purpose B．change C．question D．project67．A．turnout B．takeout C．giveout D．figureout68．A．consequently B．frequently C．entirely D．barely69．A．organize B．express C．share D．spread70．A．process B．foundation C．technique D．result71．A．route B．structure C．objective D．direction72．A．remember B．confirm C．draw D．design73．A．confidence B．capacity C．efficiency D．creativity74．A．vivid B．special C．visual D．normal75．A．images B．sentences C．passages D．languages76．A．obvious B．appropriate C．meaningful D．empty77．A．function B．extension C．connection D．determination78．A．encouraging B．enabling C．reminding D．informing79．A．Additionally B．Sincerely C．Briefly D．Generally80．A．inlovewith B．intermsof C．infavourof D．inchargeof（2023·上海金山·统考二模）ItisNobelPrizeweek,theoneweekeveryyearwhenpeoplefromallcornersoftheglobecelebratescience,readaboutribosomes(核糖体),andgivetheirbestshotattryingtounderstandparticlephysics.Itisalsotheoneweekwhenscienceisguaranteedsomeprimeheadlinespaceonmainstreamnewsoutlets.AndyetthescienceNobels(inmedicine,physics,andchemistry)presenta(n)81viewofscience.Theproblemstartswiththe82ofprizewinnersselectedeveryyear.TherulesgoverningtheNobelPrize83ittojustthreewinnersineachcategory.ThismeansthatforeverydiscoverythatisawardedaNobel,themajorityofcontributingscientistsendupbeing84.Asamatteroffact,sciencehasneverbeena(n)85effort.IsaacNewtonstoodonthe“shouldersofgiants”;NeilArmstrong’s“onesmallstep”wasadreamrealizedbyhundredsofthousandsofengineersandscientists.Scienceis,andalwayshasbeen,andrepetitiveprocesswhereindividualsdrawondiscoveriesmadebyothersto86advancetheboundariesofhumanknowledge.Yes,AlbertEinsteinfamouslywontheNobelPrizeallbyhimselfforapaperhealoneauthored,buthecouldnothavemadehisdiscoverieswithout87workbyMaxPlanck,JamesMaxwell,andseveralothers.Tomakemattersworse,typicaloftheNobelPrizes,noneofthe88wasafirstauthoronanyofthepublicationscitedbytheprizeannouncements.Thefirstauthorofascientificpaperistypicallythepersonwhodidthehandsonlaboratorywork,usuallyagra