2022年上海市高二第一学期英语培优讲义第8讲 考纲词汇翻译与新题型与阅读学案

202L2022学年高一升高二英语暑期讲义（上海通用版）

第8讲考纲词汇翻译&新题型与阅读学生版

教学内容

专题能”提升

社会生活类阅读理解分类词汇

>购物消费

>Shoppingcenter购物中心区Supermarket超市

>Mall购物中心Grocery杂货店

>Chainstore连锁店Conveniencestore便利店

>Departmentstore百货大楼Salesman售货员

>Customer顾客Complaint投诉

>Display展示Counter柜台

>Trolley小推车Catalog商品目录

>Famousbrands名牌Luxuriousitems奢侈品

>Hit畅销品Electronicproducts电子类产品

>Laptopcomputer笔记本电脑Women'swear女士服装

>Men'swear男士服装stationery文具cosmetics化妆品

>Sportsgoods体育用品tinned/cannedfood灌装食品

>Shoppinglist购物单pricetag价格标签

>paybyinstallment分期付款deposit押金

ADiscount折扣bargain便宜货n;讨价还价v

>Cash/crasher'sdesk收银处cutprices砍价，削价销售

>Sellout售完beoutofstock没货，脱销

>Beinstork有现货，有库存deliver送货

AClosingtime停止营业时间，打炸时间

>beinseason正和时令，当季

ABeoutofseason过季

>Pasttheprime（水果等）过了最好的时候

>居家琐事

>Housework家务事housekeeper管家housemaid女仆，女佣

>Housewife家庭主妇laundry洗衣店，要洗的衣服

>Iron熨斗fixthedinner摆下饭桌cleanup清理

>Mop拖地atsixesandsevens乱七八糟的

Arealdump脏乱的地方messy凌乱的，杂乱的

>Beinchaos乱的neat整洁的Inamess乱的

>Hoover吸尘器vacuumcleaner真空吸尘器

>Cleaningandwashing洗洗刷刷

>Ke印aneyeonsb./sth照料某人/某物

>Trivialaffairs日常琐事householdexpense家庭开支

>Keepdownthecost降低开支budget预算

>Balance余额，结余economical经济的，节俭的

>Openanaccount开账户deposit存款withdraw（取钱）

>Interestrate利率exchangerate汇率debt债务

>Payoff还清addresser寄信人addressee收信人

>Parcel包裹postage邮费registeredletter挂号信

>Zip/postalcode邮政编码

>日常交往

>Leisuretime闲暇时间date约会chat聊天

>Next-doorneighbour隔壁邻居callonsb.拜访某人

>Dropby/round突然造访

>Dropintosomeplace/inonsb拜访某地或某人（常指突然来访）

>Runintosb偶然遇见某人takeamessage捎口信

>Keepcontact保持联系hospital好客的invitation邀请

>Makeyourselfathome不要客气telephonebooth公用电话亭

>Payphone投币式公用电话long-distancecall长途电话

>Hangup挂断电话operator接线员

>休闲娱乐

>Recreationalactivities娱乐活动entertainmentindustry娱乐行业

>Haveapicnic野餐barbecue烧烤hobby爱好keeppets养宠物

>Tamedogs养宠狗gardening园艺playchess下象棋

>playcards打牌computergames电脑游戏camera照相机

ADV（digitalvideo）数码摄像机focus焦距lens镜头

>Flashlight闪光灯presstheshutter按快门

>takeapicture拍照片arolloffilm一卷胶卷

>Developthefilm冲胶卷，洗胶卷photostudio照相馆

>Gossip闲话，爱说长道短的人TVchannels电视频道

>Broadcast广播，播放livebroadcast现场直播

>Programme电视节目documentary纪录片

>Commercialadvertisement商业广告

>TVtheatre电视剧场tenniscourt网球场

>Footballmatch足球比赛theWorldCup世界杯

>Rockclimbing攀岩performance表演violencemovie暴力片

>Comedy喜剧tragedy悲剧horrormovie恐怖片

APlot情节entertaining有趣的，愉快的

AEnthusiastic热情的clap/applaud拍掌，鼓掌

>外出就餐

>Joininsbfordinner与…共进晚餐

>Reservation预定treat款待，宴请

>godutch各付各的，AA制

>Waiter/waitress服务员napkin餐巾tip小费

>order点菜menu菜单snack快餐

>Specialty/specialdishes特色菜

>Maindish主菜Frenchcuisine法国菜buffet自助餐

>Course一道菜maincourse主菜desert甜点

>appetizer开胃菜redwine红酒yogurt酸奶

>Softdrink软饮料greensalad蔬菜沙拉

Atoast考面包，吐司roast烤肉mutton羊肉pork猪肉

>Beefsteak牛排rare半熟的medium中等熟的

>Done老的，煮熟了的sour/sweet/bitter/hot酸/甜/苦/辣

>Seasoning/flavoring/dressing调料bland味道淡的

>Tangy味道浓烈的sauce调味汁，酱vinegar醋

>Soysauce酱油sugar糖pepperpowder胡椒粉

>Junkfood垃圾食品fattyfood油腻食品

>Fatteningfood令人发胖的食品healthyfood健康食品

>Organicfood有机食品alightmeal一顿清淡的饭菜

>asquaremeal一顿丰盛的饭菜delicious美味的

>Disgusting令人作呕的

课堂练习1：

DianaJacobsthoughtherfamilyhadaworkableplantopayforcollegeforher21-year-oldtwinsons:acombinationof

savings,income,scholarships,andamodestamountofborrowing.Thenherhusbandlosthisjob,andtheplanfellapart.

“1havetwokidsincollege,andIwanttosay4comehome,9butatthesametimeIwanttoprovidethemwithagood

education,saysJacobs.

TheJacobsfamilydidworkoutasolution:Theyaskedandreceivedmoreaidformtheschools,andeachsonincreased

hisborrowingtothemaximumamountthroughthefederalloan（贷款）program.Theywilleachgraduatewith$20,000of

debt,butatleasttheywillbeabletofinishschool.

Withunemploymentrising,financialaidadministratorsexpecttohearmorefamiliesliketheJacobs.Morestudentsare

applyingforaid,andmorefamiliesexpecttoneedstudentloans.Collegeadministratorsareconcernedthattheywillnothave

enoughaidmoneytogoaround.

Atthesametime,tuition（学费）continuestorise.AreportfromtheNationalCenterforPublicPolicyandHigher

Educationfoundthatcollegetuitionandfeesincreased439%from1982to2007,whileaveragefamilyincomerosejust

147%.StudentboiTowinghasmorethandoubledinthelastdecade,

“Ifwegoonthiswayforanother25years,wewon'thaveanaffordablesystemofhighereducation,“saysPatrickM.

Callan,presidentofthecenter.uThemiddleclassfamilieshavebeenfinancingitthroughdebt.Theywillsendkidstocollege

whateverittakes,evenifthatmeansahugeamountofdebt.”

Financialaidadministratorshavebeenhavingahardtimeasmanycompaniesdecidethatstudentloansarenotprofitable

enoughandhavestoppedmakingthem.Thegoodnews,however,isthatfederalloansaccountfbraboutthreequartersof

studentborrowing,andthegovernmentsaysthatmoneywillflowuninterrupted.

66.AccordingtoParagraph1,whydidtheplanofJacobsfamilyfail?

A.Thetwinswastedtoomuchmoney.

B.Thefatherwasoutofwork.

C.Theirsavingranout.

D.Thefamilyfellapart.

67.HowdidtheJacobsmanagetosolvetheirproblem?

A.Theyaskedtheirkidstocomehome.

B.Theyborrowed$20,000fromtheschool.

C.Theyencouragedtheirtwinsonstodopart-timejobs.

D.Theygothelpfromtheschoolandthefederalgovernment.

68.Financialaidadministratorsbelievethat.

A.morefamilieswillfacethesameproblemastheJacobuses

B.thegovernmentwillreceivemorelettersofcomplaint

C.collegetuitionfeeswilldoublesoon

D.America'sunemploymentwillfall

69.Whatcanwelearnaboutthemiddleclassfamiliesfromthetext?

A.Theyblamedthegovernmentforthetuitionincrease.

B.Theirincomeremainedsteadyinthelastdecade.

C.Theywilltrytheirbesttosendkidstocollege.

D.Theirdebtswillbepaidoffwithin25years.

70.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thegovernmentwill.

A.providemoststudentswillscholarships

B.dismisssomefinancialaidadministrators

C.stopthecompaniesfrommakingstudentloans

D.goonprovidingfinancialsupportforcollegestudents

专题能力提升

题精讲

社会生活类阅读理解特点：

社会生活类阅读文章在高考中出现的频率较高。它涉及人们衣、食、住、行等方面的社会万象，生活经历、饮食与健

康、休闲与娱乐、生态旅游等内容。这类文章读起来感觉轻松，试题做起来也比较得心应手。

在高考阅读理解题中，这类文章属搭配类材料，所以，它的命题多数属于中低等难度的送分题，如事实细节题、计算

题、识图题等。此类文章的命题多以事实细节题为主。

1hateddinnerparties.ButIdecidedtogivethemanothershotbecauseI'minLondon.AndmyfriendGalleryinvitedme.And

becausedinnerpartiesinLondonareverydifferentfromthosebackinNewYork.There,'Tmhavingadinnerparty“means"I'm

bookingatablefor12atarestaurantyoucan'taffordandweHlbesharingthecheckevenly,nomatterwhatyoueat.”

Worse,inManhattanthereisalwayssomeonewholeavesbeforethebillarrives.They,llthrowdowncash,halfofwhatthey

owe,andthenpeoplelikeme,whodon'tdrink,enduppayingevenmore.ButifItrytousethesametrick,thehostesswill

shout“Whereareyougoing?”AndifsnotlikeIcansayIhavesomewheretogo：everyoneknowsIhavenowheretogo.

ButinLondon,dinnerpartiesareinpeople'shomes.Notonlythat,theguestsareaninterestingmix.ThelasttimeIwentto

one,theguestswerefromFrance,India,DenmarkandNigeria；itwaslikeagatheringattheUnitedNations.InNewYork,themix

islessstriking.It'slikeagatheringatBloomingdale's,awell-knowndepartmentstore.

ForNewYorkers,talkingaboutotherpartsoftheworldmeansBrooklynandQueensinNewYork.ButatCallery's,whenI

saidthatIhadbeentoMyanmarrecently,peopleknewwhereitwas.InNewYorkpeoplewouldthinkitwasausualnewclub.

()1.Whatdoestheword"shot"inParagraph1probablymean?

A.Choice.B.Try.C.Style.D.Goal.

()2.WhatdoesthewriterdislikemostaboutdinnerpartiesinNewYork?

A.Thereisastrangemixofpeople.B.Therestaurantsareexpensive.

C.Thebillisnotfairlyshared.D.Peoplehavetopaycash.

()3.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthepartiesinLondon?

A.Abitunusual.B.Fulloftricks.

C.Lesscostly.D.Moreinteresting.

()4.Whatistheauthor'sopinionofsomeNewYorkersfromherexperience?

A.Easy-going.B.Self-centered.

C.Generous.D.Conservative.

()5.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?

A.Ihateddinnerparties.

B.IpreferdinnerpartiesinLondontothoseinNewYork.

C.ThedifferencebetweenLondonandNewYork.

D.Malloryinvitedmetoaparty.

1、专题特点：

这部分阅读涉及到广泛的话题，日常生活中对于衣食住行等话题多加关注，有利于增加这部分阅读理解题的了

解；此外，做好这类题要对细节题做题技巧有较好的掌握；同时也要加强练习和总结经验。

2、解题方法：

做题时，要先从题干中找到关键性词语，然后快速在文章中寻找相关细节，细心比较所给选项与文中细节的区别，在

准确理解了细节的前提下，最终确定最佳答案。

3、注意事项：

由于这类阅读理解主要考细节题，所以在做题时需要切题找答案，不可断章取义及单纯地根据自己的主观观点

进行做题。

技巧提炼

只要灵活处理好以下几个方面的关系，这个问题便可迎刃而解：

1.正确处理好“快”与“准”的关系

2.正确处理好复杂句式、生词和选择答案的关系

3.正确处理好所需信息与剩余信息的关系

Speakingandwriting

GuidedWriting(25分)

Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

请结合下图谈谈你对雾霾问题(haze)的看法，你的文章必须包括:

1、简要描述图片；

2、你对雾霾问题的看法和建议。

关于雾霾的英语作文(篇D

Recently,hazeweatherhasbecomeadailyonerighlhereinlargepartofChina.PeopIeareforcedlowear(hemaskloavoid

breathingpoisonousair.Soitisnecessarytofindoutthereasonwhyleadstothatandworkouttheresolution.Ifwetracethe

causeforhazeweather,themainpointsareasfollows,first,china'sairqualitystandardsareratherlaxandevaluationfactors

arelimited,soyouwillseethatcurrentairappraisalsystemhasdefects.Second,somepeoplejustgoforeconomicinterests

insteadofturningoutproductsaccordingtorelevantlawandregulations.Theytendtouseobsoleteequipmentinwhichthey

arehighlikelytoemitagreatdealofwastedair.

Third,acrossoursocietyrelevantprotectionawarenesshasnotbuiltupsothatpeoplehaventformedahabitofusinggreen

productandsavingenergyasmuchaspossible.Justforthesakeofconviencetogoout,peoplerelymoreandmoreon

travellingandworkingbycarwhilecaristhemaincauseforthehazeweather

Tosettlethisproblem,aseriesofmeauresshouldbetakenasfollows.First,weshouldstrengthenairmonitortolowerthe

levelsofsmallparticulatepollutants.Second,weshouldenactmorestrictlawsandregulationsandkeepperfectingourcurrent

lawonenvironmentalprotectiontoregulatepeople*sdailyactionandtheindustrialproductionandpunishthosefactoriesthat

ignoretheprotectionandkeepemittingdangerousmaterialthatcausehaze.

Third,weshoulddevelopgreenandenergy-savingenergytolowertheemissionofhazeandimproveairquality.Asfarasiam

concerned,ifweworktogethertobeabletodosuchmeasures,ourenvironmentwillgettingbetterandbetterandhaze

weatherwillvanishcompletely.

关于雾霾的英语作文(篇2)

DearBill,

Fmgladtoreceiveyourletter,thankyoufoeyourcaringfortheweatherandmyhealth.NowI'dliketotellyousomething

aboutthesmog.

Sincethewinterlastyear,thesmoghasoccurredalotoftimes.ithasdonegreatharmtoourdailylife.manytrafficaccidents

happenedjustbecauseoftheheavysmogweather,moreandmorepeoplehavetogotoseethedoctorbecausetheserious

diseasecausedbythesmog,quitealotofflightshavetobeputoff,agreatnumberofpeoplehavetostayathomeforfearof

thepoisonousaircausedbythesmog.

Peoplehaverealizedthegreatharmcausedbythesmogandtheimportanceofprotectingtheenvironment.peoplealloverthe

countryaretakingmeasurestoreducethesmogweather.thegovernmentsuggestspeoplegotoworkorschoolwiththepublic

traffic,suchasthebusandtheunderground.Alsoweshouldplantmoretrees.

Accordingtome,Iwillgotoschoolbybikeoronfoot,andIwon'tthrowthewasteanywhere.inaddition,Iwilltellthe

DeopleImeettoprotecttheenvironmentaspossibleastheycan.wouldyouliketotellmesomegoodideas?i'mlooking

forwardtoyourreply.

Yours,

LiHua

Bonus（奖金）culturehasbecomethesubjectofmanystudiesnowadays.Manypeoplehavebeenangeredbytheway

somebankersandhighofficialsseemtohavebeenrewardedforfailure.Othersfindtheideaofofferingmany-million-dollar

bonusesmorallydisgusting.

Butfewhaveaskedwhetherperformance-relatedbonusesreallydoimproveperformance.Theanswerseemssoobvious

thateventoaskthequestioncanappearridiculous.Indeed,inspiteofallthecomplaintsaboutthem,financial

encouragementscontinuetobeintroducedinmoreandmoreareas,fromhealthcareandpublicservicestoteachingand

universities.

Soitmaycomeasashocktomanytolearnthatpayingforresultscanactuallymakepeopleperformbadlyinmany

circumstances,andthatthemoreyoupay,theworsetheyperform.

Nooneisarguingthatbonusescanhelpcompaniesandinstitutionsattractandkeepthebeststaff.Nordoesanyoneargue

againsttheideathatyoucanencouragepeopletodospecifictasksbylinkingpaymentstothosetasks.Rather,thepointis

abouthowtogetthebestoutofpeople.Doemployeesreallyperformbetterifyoupromisetopaythemmorefbrgetting

results?

Therearesomeobviousreasonswhysuchpaymentscanfail.Ithasbeenargued,forinstance,thatcashbonuses

contributedtothefinancialcrash,becausetradershadlittleenthusiasmtomakesurethattheircompaniesenjoyedlong-term

survival.

Mostbonusprojectsarepoorlydesigned,saysProfessorMalcolmDiggs.Hethinksthereasonisthatorganizationtryto

keepbonusarrangementssimple.Nevertheless,hethinksbonusprojectscanworkaslongastheylinktheinterestsof

individualemployeeswiththelong-termgoalsofabusiness.

Bonusescanalsoencouragecheating."Onceyoustartmakingpeople'srewardsdependentonoutcomesratherthan

behaviors,theevidenceispeoplewilldowhatevertheycantogetthoseoutcomes,,,saysProfessorEdwardDeci."Inmany

casesthehighofficialssimplyliedandcheatedtomakethestock（股票）pricegoupsotheygothugebonuses.^^

ButtheworkofDeciandotherssuggeststheproblemwithbonusesrunsfardeeperthanpoordesignorcheating.In

1971,heaskedstudentstosolvepuzzles,withsomereceivingcashprizesfordoingwellandothersgettingnothing.Deci

foundthoseofferedcashwerelesslikelytokeepworkingonpuzzlesaftertheyhaddoneenoughtogetpaid.

Thesestudiessuggestthatofferingrewardscanstoppeopledoingthingsforthepurejoyofit.Thiswasthebasisfora

seriesofbooksbyKohninwhichhearguesthatrewardingchildren,studentsandworkerswithgrades,scholarshipsandother

“bribes"（贿赂）leadstolow-qualityworkinthelongrun.

Thosewhobelieveinthepowerofbonusesfailtodistinguishbetweeninnerdriveandoutsidepressure—wantingtodo

somethingbecauseyoulikeitfbritselfincontrasttodoingsomethingbecauseyouwantthereward,Kohnsays."It'snotjust

thatthesetwoaredifferent,it'softenthatthemoreyourewardpeoplefordoingsomething,themoretheirinnerdrivetendsto

decline.,,

A"dothisandgetthat“approachmightimproveperfbnnanceintheshortterm,butoverlongerperiodsitwillalways

fail,Kohnsays.Peoplewhoreceivebonuswillnaturallyplaysafe,becomelesscreative,cooperatelessandfeellessvalued,

headds.What'smore,thestudiesalsosuggestthatofferingrewardscanalsostoppeopletakingresponsibility.

1.Theeifectofperformance-relatedbonuseshasnotbeenwellstudiedbecausepeople.

A.takethefunctionofbonusesfbrgranted

B.seethatbonusofferingisdoneeverywhere

C.thinkfinancialencouragementisdisgusting

D.areshockedbythepracticeofrewardingforfailures

2.AccordingtoMalcolmHiggs,designsthatarethegoodones.

A.drivepeopletofinishshort-termtasks

B.helptoattractandkeepgoodemployees

C.linkfinancialrewardswiththequalityoftheoutcomes

D.connectindividualinterestswithlong-termbusinessgoals

3.Ifapersonplayssafetogetabonus,heisprobablybeing.

A.moreenthusiasticB.morerisk-taking

C.lessdaringD.lessresponsible

4.Whichofthefollowingdoyouthinktheauthorwouldmostprobablyagreewith?

A.Companiesshouldmaketheirbonusprojectssimple.

B.Thebenefitofbonushelpstogetthebestoutofpeople.

C.Thebiggestproblemwithbonusisitcreatescheating.

D.Bonusofferingcanstoppeopledoingthingsforpurejoy.

5.Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.WhatIsBonus?B.DoesBonusWork?

C.WhyBonusOffered?D.HowBonusWorks?

"Childrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervised（无人监督的）toplaywithadog."sayexpertsinthisweek*sBritishMedical

Journal.Theiradviceispartofareviewaimedatdoctorswhodealwithdogbites.

“Dogbitesandmaulingsareaworldwideproblem,particularlyinchildren.^^writeMarinaMorganandJohnPalmer.

Everyyear250,000peoplewhohavebeenbittenbydogsattendminorinjuriesandemergencyunitsintheUnitedKingdom,

andhalfofallchildrenarereportedlybittenbydogsatsometime,boysmorethangirls.

Accuratedeathfiguresaredifficulttoobtain,butinthepastfiveyears,twotothreecasesayearhavemadenews

headlines.

Basedonthelatestmedicalevidence,theyadvisedoctorshowtoexamineandtreatapatientpresentingwithadogbite.

Theydiscusstheriskofinfectionandwhentorefertospecialistcare.Fortravelersbittenabroad,theysuggestassessingthe

riskofrabies（狂犬病）.

Intermsofprevention,theysuggestthatchildrenshouldbetaughttotreatdogswithrespect,avoiddirecteyecontact,

andnotteasethem.Theyshouldbetaughtnottoapproachanunfamiliardog;playwithanydogunlessunderclose

supervision;runorscreaminthepresenceofadog;petadogwithoutfirstlettingitsniffyou;ordisturbadogthatiseating,

sleeping,orcaringforpuppies.

“Dogownersalsoneedtochangetheirbehavior”,saysRachelBesser,achildren'sdoctorandlifetimedogowner,inan

article.

“Itisclearthatnotalldogownersappreciatethatchildrenshouldnotbeleftunsupervisedwithadog",shesays.Justas

someparentsareobligedtotakeparentingclasses,shewouldliketoseecompulsiveclassesforexpectantdogownerstoteach

themabouttheresponsibilitiesofdogownership.Educationalprogramsarealsoneededtoteachchildrenaboutsome

precautionarybehaviorsarounddogs.

Finally,shewouldliketoseevetsadvisingdogownersaboutbiteprevention,anddoctorspromotingbiteprevention

whentreatingpatientswhohavebeenbittenbydogs.

66.Dogbitingstudiedbytheexpertsisaproblem.

A.doctorsdealingwithdogbitesshouldpayattentionto

B.happeningonlytoafewchildrenoftheworld

C.onlyboysmaymeetwith

D.aboutwhichexpertsgetaccuratestatisticsfromthenewsheadlines

67.Theunderlinedword"they”inparagraph4refersto"

A.doctorsB.parentsC.expertsDdogowners

68.Toavoiddogbites,achildshould.

A.treatdogswithrespectanddirecteyecontactB.approachanunfamiliardog

C.runorscreaminthepresenceofadogD.leaveadogfeedingitself

69.WhatareRachelBesser'swordsmainlyabout?

A.Allthedogownerswouldlikechildrennottobeleftunsupervisedwithadog.

B.Allthedogownershaveacorrectbehaviortowarddogs.

C.Notalldogownersappreciatethatchildrenshouldbeleftwithdogsundersupervision.

D.Notalldogownersshouldattendclassesabouttheresponsibilitiesofdogownership.

70.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Dogs,DangerousToChildren

B.ChildrenShouldKnowBehaviorsAroundDogs.

C.Doctors,TreatDogBitesCorrectly.

D.NeverLeaveChildrenUnsupervisedWithDogs

课后作业

Test04

Direction:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethat

thereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A

A.additionalB.excludedC.producingD.regularE.predictedF.identified

G.atmosphereH.matchedLreducingJ.carriedK.increase

Forestsinthenorthernhalfoftheglobecouldbegrowingfasternowthantheywere200yearsagoasaresultofclimate

change,accordingtoastudyoftreesineasternAmerica.

Thetreesappeartohavefastergrowthratesduetolongergrowingseasonsandhigherconcentrationsofcarbondioxide

inthe___1___.

GeoffreyParker,ascientistattheSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentreinEdgewater.Maryland,saidthatthe

increaseintherateofgrowthwasunexpectedandmightbe___2___tothehighertemperaturesandlongergrowingseasons

documentedintheregion.Thegrowthmayalsobeinfluencedbythesignificant___3___inatmosphericCO2,hesaid.

nWemadealistofreasonstheseforestscouldbegrowingfasterandthen4halfofthem,"Dr.Parkersaid.

Theirstudysuggeststhatnorthernforestsmaybecomeincreasinglyimportantin___5___theinfluenceofman-madeCO2on

theclimate.

Dr.Parkerandhiscolleagueshave___6___outadetailedrecordofthetreesona(n)___7___basissince1987.They

calculatedthatduetotheglobalwarmingtheforestisproducing___8___tonsofwoodeachyear.

Thescientists___9___thelandwithtreesatdifferentstagesofgrowthandfoundthatbothyoungandoldtreeswere

showingincreasedgrowthrate.Morethan90percentofthetreegroupshadgrownbybetweentwoandfourtimesfasterthan

thescientistshad___10___fromestimatesofthelong-termratesofgrowth.

B

Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach

blankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Largecompaniesneedawaytoreachthesavingsofthepublicatlarge.Thesameproblem,onasmaller_1_,faces

practicallyeverycompanytryingto_2—newproductsandcreatenewjobs.Therecanbelittleprospectofraisingthesortof

sumsneededfromfriendsandpeopleweknow.Whilebanksmayagreetoprovideshort-termfinance,theyaregenerally

—3—toprovidemoneyonapermanentbasisforlong-termprojects.Socompaniesturntopublic,invitingpeopletolend

themmoney,ortakeashareinthebusinessin_4_forashareinfutureprofits.Thistheydoby_5_stocksandsharesin

thebusinessthroughtheStockExchange.Bydoingsotheycanpulintocirculationthesavingsof_6_andorganizations,

bothathomeandoverseas.

Whenthesaverneedshismoneyback,hedoesnothavetogotothecompanywithwhomheoriginallyplacedit.—7—,

hesellshissharesthroughastockbrokertosomeothersaverwhoisseekingto_8_hismoney.

Manyofthe_9—neededbothbyindustryandbyeachofusareprovidedbythegovernmentorbylocalauthorities.

Withouthospitals,electricity,telephones,railways,thiscountrycouldnot_10—.Alltheserequire_11—spendingonnew

equipmentandnewdevelopmentiftheyaretoserveusproperly,requiringmoremoneythanisraisedthroughtaxesalone.

Thegovernment,localauthorities,andnationalizedindustries_12_frequentlyneedtoborrowmoneytofinancemajor

capitalspending,andthey,too,cometotheStockExchange.

Thereis_13—amanorwomaninthiscountrywhosejoborwhosestandardoflivingdoesnot_14—theabilityofhis

orheremployerstoraisemoneytofinancenewdevelopment.Inonewayoranotherthisnewmoneymustcomefromthe

savingsofthecountry.TheStockExchange_15_toprovideachannelthroughwhichthesesavingscanreachthosewho

needfinance.

1.A.levelB.extentC.scaleD.basis

2.A.programmeB.provideC.developD.prepare

3.A.unexpectedB.unwillingC.unbelievableD.uncertain

4.A.searchB.exchangeC.valueD.comfort

5.A.issuingB.allowingC.producingD.acquiring

6.A.immigrantsB.investigatorsC.inheritorsD.individuals

7.A.IndeedB.InfactC.InadditionD.Instead

8.A.eliminateB.reflectC.investD.profit

9.A.propertiesB.appliancesC.foundationsD.services

10.A.functi