新发展研究生英语1 学生用语UNIT8 SOLITUDE 翻译

Emersonsays,"Nowandthenamanexquisitelymadecanlivealone,andmust;butcoopupmostmenandyouundothem."Solitudetriesamaninawaysocietydoesnot;itthrowshimuponhisownresources,andiftheseresourcesbemeager,ifthegroundheoccupiesinandofhimselfbepoorandnarrow,hewillhaveasorrytimeofit.爱默生说“有时候，一个至精之人能够也必须独孤地生活，但是孤独禁锢了多数人而却得不到解脱”，有别于社会，孤独用另一种方式试探一个人。它让人诉诸于自身的资源，如果人的这些资源寥寥，如果他所拥有或掌控的范围狭小匮乏，孤独将会带给他悲伤的时光。Hencewereadilyattributesomeextravirtuetothosepersonswhovoluntarilyembracesolitude,wholivealoneinthecountryorinthewoods,orinthemountains,andfindlifesweet.Weknowtheycannotlivewithoutconverse,withoutsocietyofsomesort,andwecreditthemwiththepowerofinvokingitfromthemselves,orelseoffindingmorecompanionshipwithdumbthingsthanordinarymortals.因此，那些自愿拥抱孤独的人，他们或独居于乡村，或隐迹于树林山涧而甘之如饴，我们乐意把他们归之于某些高风亮节。我们知道没有交谈，没有某种社交他们就无法生存，但我们相信他们激发自己内心的力量或者相信他们在静寂之物上比在世俗凡人中能寻求更多的伴随。Inanycasetheygiveevidenceofresourceswhichalldonotpossess.Ifnot"exquisitelymade,"hermitsgenerallyhaveafinestreakinthem,whichpreservestheminsolitude.无论如何他们印证了一些不是所有人都具备的才智。如果不是人中精品，隐士们通常也趋于杰出，使得他们持之孤独。Ifamanwantstogetawayfromhimselforfromaguiltyconsciencehedoesnotretreatintothecountry,hefleestothetown.Ifheisempty,thetownwillfillhim;ifheisidle,thetownwillamusehim;ifheisvain,hereisafieldforhisvanity;ifheisambitious,herearedupeswaitingtobeplayedupon;butifheisanhonestman,herehewillhaveastruggletopreservehisintegrity.如果一个人想要摆脱自己、摆脱负罪感，他不归隐山村，他会逃向城市。如果他空虚，城市来充实他；如果他无聊，城市可愉悦他；如果他爱慕虚荣，城市有名利场；如果他野心勃勃，城市有待以被耍的傻瓜；但是如果他秉性诚实，这里他将为洁身自好而抗争。Therapidgrowthofcitiesinourtimehasitsdarkside.Everymanwhohasademontofleefrom,avicetoindulge,anitchingfornotorietytoallay,moneytosquander,oradreamofsuddenwealthtocherish,fleestothecity,and,asmostpersonshaveoneortheotherofthesethings,thecityoutstripsthecountry.在我们的时代，城市的快速增长有其阴暗的一面。每一个要逃避恶魔的人，沉溺堕落的人，渴望减轻恶名的人，挥霍金钱的人，做一夜暴富发财梦的人，都会趋之若鹜于城市。因为绝大多数人都有着一个或几个上述的情况，城市的发展超过了农村。Itisthoughtthatthemoreamaniscivilized,themorehistastesarerefined,themorehewillcravecitylifeandthemorebenefithewillgetfromit.Butthismaybequestioned.Itisnot,asarule,arefinedtastethattakesmentocities,butacravingforavainsuperficialelegance,theprideofdress,ofequipage,offashion,offastliving,andtheshamsandfolliesoftheworld.Themoresimpleandrefinedtastelovestheseriousnessandsobrietyofthecountry.通常认为一个人越文明，一个人的品味越优雅，他就越渴求城市生活，越能从中受益。但是这受到质疑。一般来说，把人们带到城市的不是优雅的品味，而是虚荣肤浅的附庸风雅，是爱慕穿衣打扮、时髦快活的虚荣，是世间的虚假荒唐。更简单更优雅的品味者酷爱乡村的严谨和清醒。Peoplefindcountrylifedullbecausetheyareemptyandfrivolous;havingonlythemselvesontheirhands,theycanextractnoentertainmentfromsuchasubject.Howcanamanprofitablycommunewithhimselfiftheselfissmallandfrivolousandunworthy?Hewillnotgotohisowngardenforfruitiftherebeonlythornsthere.人们觉得乡村生活平淡无味那是因为他们空虚轻浮，因为他们除己身之外别无长物，因为他们不能从乡村生活自娱自乐。如果一个人自身渺小肤浅、一文不值，他又如何从与自己交谈中相得益彰？一个人自己的花园里只有荆棘，他就不会前往。Thefinestspiritsarenotgregarious;theydonotloveacrowd.Crowsandwolvesgoinflocksandpacks,buttheeagleandthelionaresolitaryintheirhabits.最高尚的灵魂不会群居，他们不爱热闹。乌鸦与豺狼成群结队，老鹰狮子离群索居。Solitudeisnotfortheyoung;theyounghavenothoughtsorexperience,butonlyunsatisfieddesires;itisforthemiddle-agedandtheold,foramanwhenhehasripenedandwantstimetomellowhisthoughts.Amanwhoretiresintosolitudemusthaveacapitalofthoughtandexperiencetoliveupon,orhissoulwillperishofwant.孤独不属于年轻人，他们没有思想和阅历，只有不满足的欲望。孤独属于中年人和老人的，属于那些已经成熟并希望时间能醇厚他的思想的人。一个遁世孤独的人必须有思想和阅历的资本赖以生存，否则他的灵魂空虚而死亡。Thiscapitalmustbereinvestedinthethingsabouthim,oritwillnotsuffice.Eitherasafarmerorasastudentandloverofnature,orasboth,canheliveasitwere，ontheinterestofhisstored-upwisdom.这种资本需要重新在人的身上进行注资，否则就会捉襟见肘。农夫也好，热爱自然的学生也好，或者两者兼之的人，都依赖于他类似于智慧存款的利息存活。"Therearethingsthatnevershowthemselvestillyouarealone,"saidanoldrecluseinMexicotoanAmericantravelerwhohadclaimedthehospitalityofhishut;"butifyouoncemakeupyourmindthatthereisnoharminthem,youfindoutthattheyareprettygoodcompany."“有些事情直到你一个人独处时才会显现，”一个墨西哥的老隐士对一个称赞他小屋里的好客的美国旅行者说，“但是如果你一旦认定他们没有什么害处，就会发现他们是非常好的伙伴。”Theoldrecluseknewwhathewassaying.Thingsdoshowthemselveswhenoneisalone;theyemergeonallsides;theycomeintroopsfromallpointsofthecompass,andoneisonlymasterofthesituationwhenhecanmakegoodcompanyofthem.Howyourmisdeedsfindyouout!Thestillsmallvoiceofconscience,whichyoucouldnothearamidtheroarofthetown,makesitselfheardnow;allthepastbeleaguersyou,--whetherwithanarmyofangelsorofdemons,dependsuponwhatyourpasthasbeen.老隐士知道他在说什么。一些东西在一个人独处时才自我显现。它们四处显现，它们从四面八方成群而来，当一个人能很好地和它们作伴时，他就成为唯一能掌控局面的人。你会发现自己的劣迹！你在城市的喧嚣中不能听见的静谧弱小的良心的呼声现在能够听到。前尘往事萦绕着你—--是成群的天使还是魔鬼呢？取决于你的过往沧桑。Theoldrecluseabovereferredto,thetravelerfoundlivinginahutaloneinthemountains.Hehadlivedtheremanyyears,withnocompanionshipbuthisdogs.AnIrishmanbybirth,hehadtriedmanypartsoftheworld,andseenmanyphasesoflife,andhadatlastfoundhisplaceinthesolitudeoftheMexicanmountains.Hehadlearnedtheartofdreamingwithhiseyesopen,whichisthecharmofsolitude.Amanwhocannotdreamwithhiseyesopenhadbetternotcourtsolitude.上面提及的老隐士，旅行者发现他独自住在山林的一个小屋里。他在那里生活多年，只有他的狗狗作伴。他是个爱尔兰人，他尝试过世界的很多地方，见证过生活的形形色色，最终在墨西哥山林的孤独中找到了自己的归宿。他学会了睁眼做梦的艺术，这就是孤独的魅力。一个不能睁眼做梦的人最好不要寻求归隐。SuchanolddreamerwasfoundtheotherdaybysomerailroadsurveyorsonamountaininNorthCarolina.Hehadlivedthereinhishutforfiftyyears.He,too,hadforcompanionadog.IfThoreauhadmadefriendswithadogtosharehisbedandboardinhisretreatbyWaldenPond,onewouldhavehadmorefaithinhissincerity.Thedogwouldhavebeenthesealandauthenticationofhisretreat.Amanwhohasnoheartforadog,--howcanhehaveaheartforNatureherself?前几天铁路测量员在在加州北部的一个山林里也发现这样的一个年老的梦者。他在那里的小屋里已经住了15年了。他一样以狗为伴。如果梭罗在瓦尔湖归隐时和狗为伴，食则同席，寝则同床，人们将会更加相信他的真诚。如果一个人对于狗狗都没有爱心，他怎么会对自然有爱心呢？Formanyreasonswomenseldomvoluntarilyfacesolitude,butinmyboyhoodIknewanagedwidowwholivedallaloneonherlittlefarm,inherlittlebrownhouse,formanyyears.Shekeptfiveorsixcows,whichshetookcareofherselfwinterandsummer.Shehiredherhaygathered,herwoodcut,andthatwasall.Shewasagentleandpiouslittlewoman,andherhousewasasneatasapin.因为诸多原因女人很少自愿面对孤独，但是在我孩童时代我知道一个老孀妇，完全一个人独自住在她的小农场里，在她的棕色的小房子里住了很多年。她养了5、6头牛，春去秋来她都自己照看它们。她只在收干草、砍木头时才雇人。她是个温柔虔诚的小女人，她的房子井井有条，十分整洁。Butthinkofthoselongyearsofsolitarylife;thenights,themornings,themeals,theSundays,theweekdays,andnosoundbutwhatyoumadeyourself!Howintimatelyacquaintedwithone'sselfonemustbecomeinsuchalife!Ifone'sselfwasnotaprettygoodfellow,howcordiallyonewouldlearntodislikehiscompany!但是想像一下那些孤独生活的漫长年头吧。夜晚、清晨、休息日、工作日、都只有自己发出的声音。在这样的生活里，一个人和自己多么熟悉多么亲密啊。如果一个人自身不是一个怎么好的家伙，他会多么热烈地学会去厌恶与自己作伴啊！OneSunday,asmypeoplewerepassingthehouseontheirwaytochurch,theysawherwashing."Hello,AuntDebby!don'tyouknowitisSunday?"Beholdtheconsternationoftheolddame!Shehadlostherreckoning,andhadkeptSabbathonSaturday.Thelast