2023-2024学年天津市南开区高三一诊考试英语试卷含解析

2023-2024学年天津市南开区高三一诊考试英语试卷注意事项1．考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回．2．答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用0．5毫米黑色墨水的签字笔填写在试卷及答题卡的规定位置．3．请认真核对监考员在答题卡上所粘贴的条形码上的姓名、准考证号与本人是否相符．4．作答选择题，必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应选项的方框涂满、涂黑；如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案．作答非选择题，必须用05毫米黑色墨水的签字笔在答题卡上的指定位置作答，在其他位置作答一律无效．5．如需作图，须用2B铅笔绘、写清楚，线条、符号等须加黑、加粗．第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Theeconomyinbigcitieshascontinuedtorisethankstothelocalgovernmentstoincrease______.A．thatB．themC．itD．those2．—Joe,whataboutgoingtoBelgiumforourcomingholiday?—Sorry,honey,I_________onthenewlydiscovereddinosaursiteinArgentina．Thereareremainsofwhatisthoughttobethelargestcreatureevertowalktheearth.A．wasworking B．workC．willbeworking D．worked3．—Ibelieveitistheonlysolutiontothisproblem.—That’sdebatable,Ithink.Icanfiveothersolutionsasgoodasthat.A．comeupwith B．makeupwith C．liveupwith D．keepupwith4．TheplanforXionganNewArea______officiallyonApril1,2017.A．announcedB．wasannouncedC．announcesD．isannounced5．Ifit________forhergreathelpthen,IwouldnotstudyEnglishsowellnow.A．hasn’tbeen B．wasn’tC．hadn’tbeen D．isn’t6．Wemostprefertosayyestothe______ofsomeoneweknowandlike.A．attempts B．requestsC．doubts D．promises7．WorldFoodDayisheldeachyeartounderlinetheprogressthat________againsthungerandthatstillneedstobemade.A．ismade B．wasmadeC．hasbeenmade D．willbemade8．LastyearIappliedtoPrincetonUniversity．I____theywouldsayyes—buttheydid,andnowhereIam．A．neverthink B．amneverthinkingC．haveneverthought D．neverthought9．---Hi,Betty,areyoufreeatpresent?Ihavetoaskyouforafavor．----_____．Withpleasure．A．Sorry,Iambusy B．GoaheadC．Helpyourself D．Ask,please10．—Alice,whyaren’tyouatworktoday?—Iadayoff． A．havegiven B．havebeengiven C．gave D．wasgiven11．Itissaidthattheonlysurvivorinthecarcrashwasbadlyinjured.However,somehowthedoctorsmanagedtohelphim______.A．pullthrough B．putthrough C．lookthrough D．breakthrough12．When________questionsinclass,oneshouldanswerthemasclearlyaspossible.A．asking B．toask C．tobeasked D．asked13．—Hello,I________toaskifIcanbookaflighttickettoHainantomorrow?—Sorry,we’vealreadysoldout.A．phoneB．willphoneC．amphoningD．havephoned14．________ahighpercentageofAustraliansmaybepeoplewhowatchsportsratherthandothem,asfarasmostofitspopulationisconcerned,itisindeedagreatsportingnation.A．While B．as C．If D．Whether15．．Whenhegoesout,heoftenwearssunglasses_______nobodycanrecognizehim．A．sothat B．nowthat C．incase D．asthough16．Aftercollege,hewasemployedinamiddleschoolandthereeversince.A．wouldworkedB．hadworkedC．workedD．hasworked17．Itreallymatters_______hetreatedthelatestfailure,fortheexaminationisaroundthecorner.A．if B．thatC．why D．how18．Speakingaforeignlanguageallowsyouto________timeinanegotiation,foryoucanactlikeyouhavenotunderstoodtocomeupwithyouranswer.A．save B．afford C．buy D．spend19．—BoB．couldIuseyourcomputerthisevening?—Sorry.Iareportonitthen.A．willbewriting B．havebeenwritingC．havewritten D．willhavewritten20．_____withsomuchtrouble,wefailedtocompletethetaskontimeA．Toface B．Faced C．Face D．facing第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21．（6分）AmazonChina,oneofthelargestonlinebooksellers,unveiledthebestsellingbooksinChinaforthefirsthallof2017onTuesday,disclosingChinesepeople’sreadinghabits.JapaneseauthorKeigoHigashino’sMiraclesoftheNamiyaGeneralStoretoppedthelistofthemostpopularpaperbooks,followedbylateChinesewriterYangJiang’sWeThreeandIsraelihistorianYuvalNoah’sHomoDeus:ABriefHistoryofTomorrow.InthelistofpaideBooksonKindle,thetopthreeplacesweretakenbyChinesewriterZhouMeisen’sIntheNameofthePeople,KeigoHigashino’sMiraclesoftheNamiyaGeneralStoreandFallofGiants—bookoneofBritishauthorKenFollett’shistoricalCenturyTrilogy.AmazonhasalsoreleasedarankingofChinesecitieswherepeoplereadmost.HefeiandZhengzhouoccupythefirstandsecondspotrespectivelyforthesecondstraightyear.TherankingwasbasedontheratioofbookssalescomparedtothevolumeofallproductssoldonAmazonduringthefirstsixmonthsoftheyear.PopularTVdramashaveincreasedthesalesoftheoriginalbooks.IntheNameofthePeople,ananti-corruptionnovel,hasbecomethemostfavoredchoiceonKindle’spaideBooksandtheeighthpopularprintedbookinAmazon.Thecompanyhasattributedthesalessuccesstothenovel’ssuperTVadaptation,anditwentonlineinMarch.Statisticsshowthepurchasesofthebook’se-versionincreased24timesthreemonthsafteritsscreening,andprintedcopiesrose12times.HongKongauthorIsabelNeeYeh-su’sTheFirstHalfofMyLifeisanotherexample.TherecentTVadaptionofthenovelcausedabookbuyingcrazeinChina.Purchasesofthebook’shardcopiesrose600timesaweekaftertheTVplaywasairedearlierthismonth.1、WhichisthetopthreeintermsofbothpaperbooksandpaideBooks?A．WeThreeB．IntheNameofthePeopleC．ABriefHistoryofTomorrowD．MiraclesoftheNamiyaGeneralStore2、Whatdoes“it”meaninParagraph4?A．Thesalessuccess.B．Themostfavoredchoice.C．TheTVadaptationofthenovel.D．Thepurchaseofthebook’se-version.3、Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Advantagesofreadingbooks,B．Potentialmarketsforreadingbooks.C．PopTVdramas’positiveeffectsonthesalesoforiginalbooks.D．Closerrelationshipbetweenoriginalbooksandreadingbooks.4、Whichcolumndoesthepassageprobablycomefrom?A．Culture.B．News.C．Sports.D．Entertainment.22．（8分）Whatiserosion(腐蚀)?Erosionissimplywhensoilistransportedontheearth'ssurfacefromonelocationtoanotherbyanaturalcause.Thisiseasytoimagine.Pictureasandcastleonabeach.Thissandcastleisparticularlybeautiful,theworkofawholelong,hotsummerafternoon.Ithasthreetowers,withagreatwallrunningallaround.Smallsquarehousessitinanopenareainthecenter.FromthetallesttowerfliesaPop-sicle-wrapperflagfromasmalltwigflagpole.Itsbuildersitsback,proudlyadmiringherwork.Butitislate,andthetideiscomingin,bringingthewatercloser.Finally,thecastleishitwithagiantwave.Asitpullsout,thebuilderseesthereisnothingleftbutbitsofthetowersandasmallbrokentwig.Wherehasthesandgone?Notveryfar,really.It’smovingaroundthewaterthatwillwashbackandforthacrossthebeachallday.It’sspreadaroundthebeachnexttothecastle.However,tooureyes,ithasdisappeared.Thisisalsothewaywitherosion.Partsoftheearthseemtodisappearbuthavereallyjustbeenmovedaround.Acommonexampleofwaterchangingthelandscapeissinkholes.Sinkholesareformedwhenundergroundwaterwearsawaythedirtandrockthatsurroundsit.Eventually,theholeunderneaththegroundissobig,andtheearthaboveitsothinthatthesurfacecollapsesintothehole,takingwithitanythingunluckyenoughtobeonthesurfaceatthetime.Sinkholesoccurnaturallyandhavebeenaroundaverylongtime.Today,though,manysinkholesarecausedbytheactionofhumanbeings.Infact,today,humanbeingsareoneofthethingshelpingtospeeduperosionoftheearth.Scientistsbelievethatbypumpingwaterfromunderground,movingsanddunesandothernaturally-occurringanti-erosionmeasures,humanshaveallowederosionoftheearthtospeedupbyasmuchas40times.Thismeansthatbeachesaroundtheworldaredisappearing,moresinkholesareopeningup,andfarmlandisrapidlybecomingdesert.1、What’stheauthor’spurposeofdescribingasandcastleinParagraph2?A．Toshowthedestructiveforceofnature.B．Torecallhishappychildhood.C．Tocatchthereader’sattention.D．Toexplainwhaterosionis.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”refertointhepassage?A．Thehole.B．Theground.C．Theearth.D．Thesurface.3、Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingcanyouinfermayNOTbethecauseofsink-holes?A．Alotofhigh-riseshavebeenbuilt.B．Peoplepumpwaterfromunderground.C．Toomanymineshavebeenopenedup.D．Undergroundwatertakesawaydirtandrockaroundit.4、Basedonthepassage,whatismostlikelytobeoneresultoferosion?A．Desertificationwillspeedup.B．Sinkholeswillbeeverywhere.C．Manyplantspecieswilldisappear.D．Earthquakeswillhappenmoreoften.23．（8分）Whenyoueatoutinarestaurant,itisnotunusualtohearpeopleyelling,“Letmegetthisone!”andsometimesseethempushingorarmwrestlingtofightfortheprivilegeofpayingthebill.Thesefightsareoftenveryloudandactive.Eachpersoninvolvedshowsanhonestdesiretopickupthebill,andintheend,allthepeopleatthetablegivethewinnerpraiseandgratitude.Infact,figuringoutwhowillgetthebillisalwaysaheadacheforChinesepeopleatformalmeals.Althoughthepeoplehostingthemealareverylikelytopaythecheck,itisacommonpracticetomakeatoken(象征性的)efforttopaythebill,butyouwillembarrassthemifyoudoendupactuallychippingin(凑)somecash.Inrecentyears,goingDutchhasbeenacceptedbymanyyoungpeople.Butoldergenerationswhofear“losingface”stillfinditembarrassingandmeantocalculateeachperson’sshareofthebill.AstravelguidebrandLonelyPlanetnoted,itisconsidered.“theheightofunsophistication(不懂人情世故)”。Butthesedays,thankstodigitalpaymentapps,splittingthebillelectronicallyisbecomingawidely-acceptedidea.Evenpeoplefromoldergenerationswouldliketodoso.ByscanningaQRcodeandpayingtheirshareviasocialnetworkingtoolWeChatande-commerceappAlipayontheirsmartphonesinoneeasyclick,urbanChinesearefindingiteasiertosavethemtheembarrassmentoffiguringouteachperson’spaymentwhentheyorderameal.“ThisfunctionhasmadegoingDutchlesstroubleandmorefuninChina”,CNNnoted.“Becauseoftheirconvenience,manyofusareneverwithoutourphones.Andperson-to-personmobilepaymentservicesareincrediblyeasytouseandsavethetroubleofdealingwithchange,”saidan18-year-oldstudentinChina.“Youcanalsoleavefunnynotesusingemoji(表情符号)likeabowlofriceoracupofteatodescribeamealthatyouhaveshared.”1、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．TheChinesetraditionofdiningoutwithfriends.B．AnewtrendofsplittingthebillinChina.C．Howsocialnetworkingtoolshaveinfluencedourdailylives.D．WhypeopleinChinaargueoverwhopaysthebillwhendiningout.2、Splittingthebillatformalmealswasconsideredtobea(an)______task.A．hard B．easyC．exciting D．funny3、ManyChinesepeoplemakeatokenefforttopaythebillbecause______.A．theydon’twanttobeconsideredunsophisticatedB．theywantpraiseandgratitudefromtheirfriendsC．theyconsideritanhonortohostthemealandpaythebillD．theyfindithardtoworkouthowmucheachpersonneedstopay4、Theunderlinedphrase“goingDutch”(inParagraph4)probablymeans______.A．figuringoutthetotalpaymentB．takingturnstopaythebillC．fightingfortheprivilegeofpayingthebillD．eachpersonpayingtheirownexpenses5、Accordingtothepassage,whichisNOTtheadvantageofusingdigitalpaymentappstosplitthebill?A．They’reeasiertouseandmoreinteresting.B．Theysavethetroubleofdealingwithchange.C．Theymakeiteasiertofigureouthowmuchmoneyeachpersonhastopay.D．Theymakepeoplelessembarrassedtosplitthebill.24．（8分）There’ssomethingabouttheNewYearthatalwaysmakesmereadmyhoroscope(星象)toseewhatliesahead.Idon’tbelieveinanyofitreallybutthere’scomfortinbeingtoldthatthenext12monthswillbringhealth,wealthandhappiness.Well,it’susuallyoveroptimistic,isn’tit?Therearemanyotherpeoplewhoarealsoskepticalaboutastrology(占星术)anditsbeliefthatknowledgeofthepositionofthestarsandplanetscanhelpusunderstandourpersonalityorpredicthumanaffairs.However,despitethelackofscientificevidenceinitsfavour,astrologyhasbeenaroundforthousandsofyears,andisbelievedbymillionsofpeopleinboththeWestandtheEast.TheWesthasitsstarsignseverymonthandtheEasthasitsanimalseveryyear.I’maPig.WhenIfirstfoundoutIwasaPigpersonIwasalittledisappointed,andmyfriends(powerfulDragons,friendlyDogsandfierceTigers)laughed.Pigshaveabadreputation—peoplethinkthey’redirtyanimalsthatsmellhorrible.IntheChinesezodiac(生肖)thereare12animalsandaccordingtoonelegend,whenBuddhalefttheearth,only12animalscametosaygoodbyetohim.AsarewardBuddhanamedayearaftereachoftheanimalsintheorderthattheycametohim,andthepigcamelast.SoIthoughtIwasunluckybeingaPigbutthisisn’tso.ItappearsthatPigsarekindpeoplewhoarehelpfulandgiving.Theytendtomakegoodfriendsastheyarefaithful,thoughtfulandtrusting.Pigsarehappy,optimisticpeopleandhavelotsoffun—thatsoundsOKtome!However,Pigsareoftennaïve(幼稚的)andapparentlyit’seasytocheataPig.Theyarealsolikelytoreactwithoutthinking,andthey’renotthatgreatwithmoneyeither.Pigs,itseems,getalongwithSheepandRabbitsbut,interestingly,nototherPigs,whotheyshouldstayclearof.1、FindingoutthathewasaPigperson,theauthorfelt________.A．alittleunhappyB．veryexcitedC．quiteproudD．alittlesurprised2、WhatisthelegendmentionedinParagraph4mainlyabout?A．ThelonelylifeofBuddha.B．ThefeaturesofPigpeople.C．TheadvantagesofbeingaPig.D．TheoriginoftheChinesezodiac.3、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutPigs?A．Theyareinnocent.B．Theyareverylazy.C．Theyareverysmart.D．Theyaremoneymakers.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“stayclearof”inthelastparagraphmean?A．Giveinto.B．Fightagainst.C．Keepawayfrom.D．Makefriendswith.25．（10分）I’mpartoftheRoots&ShootsprogramfoundedbyDr.JaneGoodall.Theprogramisintendedtomakeandpromotepositivechangesintheworld.AsDr.Goodallsays,“Whatyoudomakesadifference,andyouhavetodecidewhatkindofdifferenceyouwanttomake.”InBulgaria,whereIlive,homelessdogsareeverywhere.Manypeoplehereturnablindeyetothem.ButIcannotignorethelifeofastreetdogwheneverIseeonewanderinginthestreet,lookingforsomethingtoeat.That’swhyI’mnolongerafoodwaster.WhenIseewastedfood,Ialwaysthinkofahungrydogclimbingtogarbagebins,searchingforfoodthatpeoplehavethrownthere.Wheneatinginarestaurant,I’mnotafraidtotakeleftoverfoodtofeedstraycatsordogs.Aweekago,Isawahomelessdogaroundthegarbagebins.ImmediatelyIkneltdown,spoketohersoftlyandranmyhandsoverher.Icouldseethatshehadhadpuppies.Icouldn’timaginehowshecouldhavebeenabletocareforthem.Hoursearlier,I’dbaggedupaplateofleftoverfish.AsIunwrappedit,shewaggedhertailandsniffedatit.Sheateallthefishinnotime.It’ssad,isn’tit?Ican’tunderstandwhymanyofuswastesomuchandthinklittleofit.Thesehomelessanimalshavetaughtmethatfoodisprecious.EvenwhenIdon’thaveleftoverswithme,I’lltakethetimetogetsomethingfromthegrocerystoretofeedthem.Iknowmypowerissmall,soIhopethatnexttimeyouseewastedfood,doturnitintoworthyfood.Youhavethepowertosavealife!1、TheauthoruseswhatDr.Goodallsaystoshow__________.A．howwecandevelopourbusinessB．whyitisimportanttobegreatC．whytheprogramispopulargloballyD．howwecanchangetheworldpositively2、Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A．TherearefewhomelessdogswheretheauthorlivesB．TheauthortakeshomelessdogshomeandraisesthemC．SeeinghomelessdogsmakestheauthorneverwastefoodD．Peoplethrowfoodintogarbagebinstofeedhomelessdogs3、Theauthortooktheleftoverfishwithhimto____________.A．feedahomelessdoghemetB．eatitwhenhewashungryC．lookformorehomelessanimalsD．setanexampletothosewhothrowawayfood4、Theauthorwrotethetexttoaskusto__________.A．valueourfoodB．treatdogsasourfriendsC．savewastedfoodforhomelessdogsD．raisehomelessdogsandcats第三部分语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．26．（30分）完形填空Youhadbetterlearntobegrateful．Ifyouaregrateful，younaturally1.yourselfuptoreceiveallkindsofblessingsandgoodthingsinlife．Youcanreceivealmosteverythingyouwant2．Ifyouwantrecoverysoon，startbyfeelinggratefulthatyouarestill3．Ifitismoremoneythatyouwant，startbeinggratefulforwhatever4ofmoneyyoualreadyhave．Yousee，showinggratitude(感恩)isthekeytoevery5thinginlife．Itisthekeytosuccessfulrelationships，itisthekeytosuccessfulfuturesanditisthekeyto6healthierandhappierlives．Andthisiswheretheimportanceofbeinggratefullies．7，itmakeslifebetter．Oneofmyfavorite8is“Ifyoulearntoappreciatemoreofwhatyoualreadyhave，youwillfindyourselfhavingmoretoappreciate．”Thinkaboutthat！Somethingas9asa“Thankyouforbeinginmylife”or“I10havingyouherewithme”，cangoalongway．Itwillmaketheotherpersonfeelgood，and11italsowillmakeyoufeelbetter！Somaybeyourwifeisnotvery12aroundthehouse，butshe’sgreatatcookingyourfavorite13．Or，maybeyourchild14milkalloveryournewshirtrightbeforeyouwalkedoutthedoorforwork，butusuallyhemakesyoulaughsomuchandmakesyou15theluckiestparentintheworld．Istrongly16youtomakeapromisetoyourselfforthenextweek．Decideto17.everymorningandthinkofatleast5thingsthatyouare18.for．Thensaythemoutloud．Youwillnoticeasmileonyourfacewithouteven.．In30daysyouwillfeelcompletelyrenewed．Thisisthe19.ofbeinggrateful！1、A．open B．make C．stand D．take2、A．easily B．correctly C．truly D．clearly3、A．lovely B．alive C．lively D．living4、A．amount B．number C．kind D．plenty5、A．terrible B．negative C．positive D．confusing6、A．leading B．taking C．enjoying D．looking7、A．Therefore B．Besides C．Anyway D．Inaword8、A．mottos B．rules C．habits D．word9、A．pleasant B．wonderful C．short D．moving10、A．want B．lookforwardto C．appreciate D．wouldlike11、A．forsure B．ingeneral C．insteadof D．inaddition12、A．lazy B．beautiful C．careless D．organized13、A．vegetables B．dishes C．beef D．drinks14、A．painted B．stopped C．spilled D．threw15、A．becomeof B．feellike C．actas D．looklike16、A．persuade B．advise C．demand D．suggest17、A．dressup B．makeup C．getup D．wakeup18、A．grateful B．concerned C．anxious D．upset19、A．pretending B．looking C．trying D．smiling20、A．disadvantage B．power C．award D．consequences第二节（每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27．（15分）DomesticrobotssuchastheRoombahavealreadyestablishedthemselvesinthemarketplace.Commonhouseholdappliancessuchastoastersandmicrowaves1．(fit)withmicroprocessors,effectivelymakingthemrobots,whichareboundtodoasordered.Themilitaryhasbegunautomating(自动化)manyofitsfrontlinesystems.Thefutureiswideopenformoreexplorationofthese2．(device).Automaticfactoriesweresomeofthefirsttoimplement(实施，运用)roboticsontheassemblyline,performingtaskstoodangerousordelicateforhumans3．(accomplish).Thishascontinuedwithwholefactories4．(begin)tobeautomated.IBMhasinstituteda“lightsoff’factoryinTexasthatis5．(complete)automated.RecentlyCaterpillar6．(announce)planstooperateroboticheavymachineryby2021,andhasalreadybeguntransferringmuchoftheircraneoperationstoremote-controlledrobots,7．obeytheordersfromcomputerdirections.Themedicalindustryhastakenadvantage8．roboticsurgeryassistantsforyears,mostnotablytheDaVincisurgical(外科的)helper.Withrisinghealthcarecosts9．theincreasingneedsofanagingpopulation,hospitalsareplanningvastexpansionintheareasof10．(talent)robotics.第四部分写作（共两节）第一节短文改错（满分10分）28．（10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏洞符号（/\）,并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2、只允许修改10处,多者（从第11处起）不计分。Seniorthreestudentwillfacethequestionaftertheypassbythecollegeentranceexamination、ShouldIchooseagoodmajorandagooduniversity?Somestudentsprefertoconsidermajorsfirstsothattheycanlearnwhattheyareinterested、Itwillalsomakeitpossiblyforthemtotaketheirfavoritejobsinthefuture、However,thosewhothinkdifferentlybelievesthattheenvironm