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2011.12
SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At
theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.
Boththeconversationandthequestionsw川bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion
therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)
andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.
M:Idon'tknowwhattodo.IhavetodrivetoChicagonextFridayformycousin'swedding,
butIhavegotaPsychologytesttopreparefor.
W:Whydon'tyourecordyournotessoyoucanstudyontheway?
Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?
12.
M:ProfessorWright,youmayhavetofindanotherstudenttoplaythisrole,thelinesare
solongandIsimplycan'trememberthemall.
W:Look,Tony.Itisstillalongtimebeforethefirstshow.Idon'texpectyoutoknowallthe
linesyet.Justkeeppracticing.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
13.
M:Hello,thisisDr.MartinfromtheEmergencyDepartment.Ihaveamalepatientwitha
fracturedankle.
W:Oh,wehaveonebedavailableinward3,sendhimhereandIwilltakecareofhim.
Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
14.
W:SinceSimonw川graduatethisMay,theschoolpaperneedsaneweditor.Soifyouare
interested,Iwillbehappytonominateyou.
M:Thanksforconsideringme.Butthebaseballteamisstartingupanewseason.AndI'm
afraidIhavealotonmyhands.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
15.W:HaveyouheardthenewsthatJameSmeilhasresignedhispostasprimeminister?
M:Well,Igotitfromtheheadlinesthismorning.Ifsreportedthathemadepublicatthis
decisionatthelastcabinetmeeting.
Q:whatdowelearnaboutJameSmeil?
16.W:Themorningpapersaysthespaceshuttleistakingoffat10a.m.tomorrow.
M:Yeah,ifsjustanotheroneofthisyear'sroutinemissions.Thefirstmissionwas
undertakenadecadeagoandbroadcastlivethenworldwide.
Q:whatcanweinferfromthisconversation?
17.M:Wedoalotofcampinginthemountains.Whatwouldyourecommendfortwo
people?
W:You'dprobablybebetteroffwiththefourrealdrivevehicle.Wehaveseveraloff-road
trucksinstock,bothnewandused.
Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
18.W:Ihearyoudidsomeseriousshoppingthispastweekend.
M:Yeah,thespeakersofmyoldstereofinallygaveoutandtherewasnowaytorepair
them.
Q:Whatdidthemandoovertheweekend?
ConversationOne
W:Now,couldyoutellmewheretheideaforthebusinessfirstcamefrom?
M:Well,theoriginalshopwasopenedbyaretiredprinterbythenameofGruby.MrGruby
beingleft-handedhimself,thoughtoftheideatotrytopromoteafewproductsfor
left-handers.
W:Andhowdidhethengoaboutactuallysettingupthebusiness?
M:Well,helookedforanyleft-handedproductsthatmightalreadybeonthemarketwhich
wereveryfew.Andthencontactedthemanufactureswiththeideaofhavingproducts
producedforhim,mainlyinthescissorsrangetostartwith.
W:Right.Soyoudocommissionsomepartofyourstock.
M:Yes,verymuchso.About75percentofourstockisspeciallymadeforus.
W:Andtherestofit?
M:Hmm,therestofitnow,some25,30yearsafterMr.Gruby'sinitialefforts,thereare
moreleft-handedproductactuallyonthemarket.Manufacturesarenowbeginningtosee
thatthereisamarketforleft-handedproducts.
W:Andwhafstherangeofyourstock?
M:Therangeconsistsofavarietyofscissorsfromchildrenscissorstoscissorsfortailors,
hairdressersetc.Wealsohavealargerangeofkitchenware.
W:Whafsthecompetitionlike?Doyouhavequitealotofcompetition?
M:Thereareotherpeopleinthebusinessnowinspecialists,butonlyasmail-orderoutlets.
ButwehaveashophereincentralLondonplusamail-orderoutlet.Andwearewithout
anydoubtthelargestsupplieroftheleft-handeditems.
Q19:Whatkindofbusinessdoesthemanengagedin?
Q20:Whatdoesthemansayabouthisstockofproducts?
Q21:Whatdoesthemansayaboutotherpeopleinhislineofbusiness?
ConversationTwo
M:Canwemakeyouanoffer?Wewouldliketorunthecampaignforfourextraweeks.
W:well,canwesummarizetheproblemfrommypointofview?Firstofall,thecampaign
waslate.Itmissedtwoimportanttradeaffairs.Theadsalsodidnotappearintokey
magazines.Asaresult,thecampaignfailed.Doyouacceptthatsummaryofwhat
happened?
M:well,thedelaywasn'tentirelyourfault.Youdidinfactmakelatechangestothe
specificationsoftheadvertisements.
W:Uh,actually,youwerelatewiththeinitialproposalssoyouhaveverylittletimeandin
fact,weonlyaskedforsmallchanges.
M:Wellwhatever,canwerepeatouroffertorunthecampaignfor4extraweeks?
W:Thafsnotreallythepoint.Thecampaignmissedtwokeytradeaffairs.Becauseofthis,
weareaskingyoueithertorepeatthecampaignnextyearforfree,orweonlypay50%of
thefeeforthisyear.
M:Couldwesuggesta20%reductiontothefeetogetherwiththefourweeksustentionto
thecampaign.
W:Wearenothappy.Welostbusiness.
M:Ithinkwebothmademistakes.Theresponsibilityisonbothsides.
W:Ok,let'ssuggestanewsolution.Howabouta40%cutinfee,orafreerepeat
campaign?
M:Well,lefstakeabreak,we'renotgettingveryfar.Perhapsweshouldthinkaboutthis.
22:Whatdowelearnabouttheman'scompany?
23:Whywasthecampaigndelayedaccordingtotheman?
24:Whatdoesthewomanproposeasasolutiontotheproblem?
25:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydoattheendoftheconversation?
SectionB
PassageOne
TheUniversityofTennessee'sWaltersLifeSciencesbuilding,isamodelanimalfacility,
spotlesslyclean,carefulinobtainingpriorapprovalforexperimentsfromananimalcare
committee.Ofthe15,000micehousethereinatypicalyear,mostgivetheirlivesfor
humanity.Thesearegoodmiceandassuchwontheprotectionoftheanimalcare
committee.Atanygiventimehoweversomemiceescapeandrunfree.Thesemiceare
pests.Theycandisruptexperimentswiththebacteriaorganismstheycarry.Theyarebad
miceandmustbecapturedanddestroyed.Usually,thisisaccomplishedbymeansof
stickytraps,akindofflypaperonwhichtheybecomeincreasinglystuck.Buttherealpoint
ofthecautionarytale,saysanimalbehavioristHerzau,isthatthelabelsweputonthings
canaffectourmoralresponsestothem.Usingsticktrapsorthemoredeadlysnaptraps
wouldbedeemedunacceptableforgoodmice.Yetthekillingofbadmicerequiresnoprior
approval.Oncetheresearchanimalhitsthefloorandbecomesanescapee,saysHerza,
itsmoralstandardisinstantlydiminished.InHerzau*sownhome,therewasmoreironic
examplewhenhisyoungson'spetmouseWillydiedrecently,itwasaccordedatearful
ceremonialburialingarden.YetevenastheymournedWilly,saysHerzau,heandhis
wifeweresettingsnaptrapstokillthepestmiceintheirkitchenwiththebarechangein
labelsfrompettopest,thekitchenmiceobtainedtotallydifferentmoralstandards
Questions:
26,Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmostofthemiceusedforexperiments?
27,Whydidtheso-calledbadmicehavetobecapturedanddestroyed?
28,Whenaremicekilledwithoutpriorapproval?
29,WhydoesthespeakersaywhattheHerzau'sdidathomeisironical?
PassageTwo
ThereareroughlythreeNewYorks.Thereis,first,theNewYorkofthemanorwoman
whowasbornhere,whotakesthecityforgrantedandacceptsitssizeanditsturbulence
asnaturalandinevitable.Second,thereistheNewYorkofthecommuter—thecitythat
isswallowedupbylocustseachdayandspatouteachnight.Third,thereistheNewYork
ofthepersonwhowasbornsomewhereelseandcametoNewYorkinquestof
something.Ofthesethreetremblingcitiesthegreatestisthelast,thecityoffinal
destination,thecitythathasagoal.ItisthisthirdcitythataccountsforNewYork's
high-strungdisposition,itspoeticaldeportment,itsdedicationtothearts,andits
incomparableachievements.Commutersgivethecityitstidalrestlessness;nativesgiveit
solidityandcontinuity;butthesettlersgiveitpassion.Andwhetheritisafarmerarriving
fromItalytosetupasmallgrocerystoreinaslum,orayounggirlarrivingfromasmall
towninMississippitoescapetheindignityofbeingobservedbyherneighbors,oraboy
arrivingfromtheCornBeltwithamanuscriptinhissuitcaseandapaininhisheart,it
makesnodifference:eachembracesNewYorkwiththeintenseexcitementoffirstlove,
eachabsorbsNewYorkwiththefresheyesofanadventurer,eachgeneratesheatand
lighttodwarftheConsolidatedEdisonCompany.
Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
30.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutthenativesofNewYork?
31.WhatdoesthespeakersaycommutersgivetoNewYork?
32.WhatdowelearnaboutthesettlersofNewYork?
PassageThree
ulfyouaskedmetelevisionisunhealthy”,IsaidtomyroommateWalter,asIwalkedinto
thelivingroom.uWhileyouaresittingpassivelyinfrontoftheTVset,yourmusclesare
turningtofat,yourcomplexionisfading,andyoureyesightisbeingruined/*
“Shh〜”Walterputhisfingertohislips,uThisisanintriguingmurdermystery."
“Really?”Ireplied.
“Butyouknow,thebrainisdestroyedbyTVviewing.Creativityiskilledbythatbox.And
peoplearekeptfromcommunicatingwithoneanother.Frommypointofview,TVisthe
causeofthedeclininginterestinschoolandthefailureofourentireeducationalsystem.”
“Ahha,Ican'tseeyourpoint.”Waltersaidsoftly."Butsee?Thewomanonthewitness
standinthisstoryisbeingquestionedaboutthemurderthatwascommittedonehundred
yearsago."
Ignoringhisenthusiasticdescriptionoftheplot,Iwentonwithmyargument.
“AsIseeit,“Iexplained,"notonlyaremostTVprogramsbadlywrittenandproduced,but
viewersarealsomanipulatedbythemassmedia.AsfarasIamconcerned,TVwatchers
arecutofffromrealityfromnature,fromtheotherpeople,fromlifeitself!Iwasconfidentin
myabilitytopersuade.
Afterashortsilence,myroommatesaid,"Anyway,Tvebeenplanningtowatchthefootball
game.Iamgoingtochangethechannel.5,
“Don'ttouchthatdial!”Ishouted,ulwantedtofindouthowthemysteryturnsout!”
IamnotsureIgotmypointtocross.
Questions33-35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.
33.Asthespeakerwalkedintothelivingroom,whatwasbeingshownonTV?
34.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwatchingtelevision?
35.Whatcanwesayaboutthespeaker?
SectionCCompoundDictation
Inthepast,oneofthebiggestdisadvantagesofmachineshasbeentheirinabilitytowork
onamicroscale.Forexample,doctorsdidnothavedevicesallowingthemtogoinside
thehumanbodytodetecthealthproblemsortoperformdelicatesurgery.Repaircrewsdid
nothaveawayofidentifyingbrokenpipeslocateddeepwithinahigh-riseapartment
building.However,thafsabouttochange.Advancesincomputersandbiophysicshave
startedamicrominiaturerevolutionthatallowsscientiststoenvisionandinsomecases
actuallybuildmicroscopicmachines.Thesedevicespromisetodramaticallychangethe
wayweliveandwork.
Micromachinesalreadyaremakinganimpact.AtCaseWesternReserveUniversityin
Cleveland,Ohio,researchscientistshavedesigneda4-inchsiliconchipthatholds700
tinyprimitivemotors.AtLucasNovaSensorinFremont,California,scientistshave
perfectedtheworld'sfirstmicroscopicblood-pressuresensor.Threadedthrougha
person'sbloodvessels,thesensorcanprovidebloodpressurereadingsatthevalveof
theheartitself.
Althoughsimpleversionsofminiaturedeviceshavehadanimpact,advancedversions
arestillseveralyearsaway.
Automanufacturers,forexample,aretryingtousetinydevicesthatcansensewhento
releaseanairbagandhowtokeepenginesandbreaksoperatingefficiently.Some
futuristsenvisionnanotechnologyalsobeingusedtoexplorethedeepseainsmall
submarine,oreventolaunchfinger-sizedrocketspackedwithmicrominiature
instruments.
“Thereisanexplosionofnewideasandapplications,"So,whenscientistsnowthink
aboutfuturemachinesdoinglargeandcomplextasks,they'rethinkingsmallerthanever
before
2012.6
.SectionA
Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.At
theendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.
Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestion
therewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)
andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron
AnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
11.
W:DidyouhearthatAnnaneedstostayinbedfor4weeks?
M:Yeah.Sheinjuredherspineinafallandadoctortoldhertolieflatonherbackfora
monthsoitcanmend.
Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?
12.
M:AfamousRussianballetiscomingtotownnextweekend.ButIcan'tfindaticket
anywhere.
W:Don'tbeupset.Mysisterjusthappenedtohaveoneandshecan'tgosinceshehas
gotsomesortofconflictinherschedule.
Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?
13.
W:Hello,mybathroomdrainisblockedandI'mgivingapartytonight.Doyouthinkyou
couldcomeandfixitforme?
M:Sorry,ma'am.I'mprettybusyrightnow.ButIcanputyouonmylist.
Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?
14.
W:We'retakingupacollectiontobuyagiftforJemma.Shellhavebeenwiththe
company25yearsnextweek.
M:Well,countmein.ButTmabitshortoncashnow.Whendoyouneedit?
Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?
15.
W:Tony*smotherhasinvitedmetodinner.DoyouthinkIshouldtellherinadvancethat
I'mavegetarian?
M:Ofcourse.Ithinkshe'dappreciateit.Imaginghowyoubothfeelifshefixedtheturkey
dinnerorsomething.
Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?
16.
M:Justlookatthisnewspaper,nothingbutrobbery,suicideandmurder.Doyoustill
believepeoplearebasicallygood?
W:Ofcourse.Butmanypaperslackinterestinreportingsomethingpositivelikepeace,
loveandgenerosity.
Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?
17.
M:Ican'tbelievesomanypeoplewanttosignupfortheKoreaDevelopment
Conference.Wewillhavetolimittheregistration.
W:Yeah,otherwisewewon'thaveroomforthemore.
Q:Whatarethespeakersgoingtodo?
18.
W:Hi,I'mcallingabouttheadfortheonebedroomapartment.
M:Perfecttiming!Thepersonwhowassupposedtorentitjustbackedtowntotakea
roomoncampus.
Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?
PartIIIListeningComprehension
Conversation1
W:OneofthemostinterestingexperimentswithdolphinsmustbeonedonebyDoctor
JarvisBastian.WhathetriedtodowastoteachamaledolphincalledBassandafemale
calledDoristocommunicatewitheachotheracrossasolidbarrier.
M:Sohowdidhedoitexactly?
W:Well,firstofall,hekeptthetwodolphinstogetherinthesametankandtaughtthemto
pressleverswhenevertheysawalight.Theleverswerefittedtothesideofthetanknext
toeachother.Ifthelightflashedonandoffseveraltimes,thedolphinsweresupposedto
presstheleft-handleverfollowedbytheright-handone.Ifthelightwaskeptsteady,the
dolphinsweresupposedtopresstheleversinreverseorder.Whenevertheyresponded
correctly,theywererewardedwithfish.
M:Soundsterriblycomplicated.
W:Well,thatwasthefirststage.Inthesecondstage,DoctorBastianseparatedthe
dolphinsintotwotanks.Theycouldstillhearoneanother,buttheycouldn'tactuallysee
eachother.Theleversandlightweresetupinexactlythesamewayexceptthatthistime
itwasonlyDoriswhocouldseethelightindicatingwhichlevertopressfirst.Butinorder
togettheirfish,bothdolphinshadtopresstheleversinthecorrectorder.Thismeantof
coursethatDorishadtotellBasswhetheritwasaflashinglightorwhetheritwasasteady
light.
M:Sodiditwork?
W:Well,amazinglyenough,thedolphinsachieveda100%successrate.
Questions19-21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
Q19.WhatisthepurposeofDoctorJarvisBastian'sexperiment?
Q20.Whatwerethedolphinssupposedtodowhentheysawasteadylight?
Q21.Howdidthesecondstageoftheexperimentdifferfromthefirststage?
Conversation2
W:Thisweek'sprogramUpYourStreettakesyoutoHarrogate,asmalltowninYorkshire.
HarrogatebecameafashionableresortduringVictoriantimes,whenpeoplecametotake
abathinthemineralwaters.Today,fewpeoplecometovisitthetownforitsmineral
waters.Instead,Harrogatehasbecomeapopulartownforpeopletoretireto.Itscleanair,
attractiveparks,andtheabsenceofanyindustry,makethisanidealspotforpeople
lookingforaquietlife.Now,totellusmoreaboutHarrogate,IhavewithmeTomPercival,
PresidentoftheChamberofCommerce.Tom,oneofthethingsvisitornoticesabout
Harrogateisthelargeareaofopenparklandrightdownintothemiddleofthetown.Can
youtellusmoreaboutit?
M:Yes,certainly.TheareaiscalledtheStray.
W:WhytheStray?
M:Ifscalledthatbecauseintheolddays,peoplelettheircattlesstrayonthearea,which
wascommonland.
W:Oh,Isee.
M:Then,we'vechangesinfarmingandinlandownership.TheStraybecamepartofthe
landownedbyHarrogate.
W:Andisitprotected?
M:Oh,yes,indeed.Asaspeciallaw,noonecanbuildanythingonthestray.Ifsprotected
forever.
W:Soitwillalwaysbeparkland?
M:Thafsright.Asyoucansee,someoftheStrayisusedforsportsfields.
W:Ibelieveitlookslovelyinthespring.
M:Yes,itdoes.ThereYespringflowersontheoldtrees,andpeoplevisitthetownjustto
seetheflowers.
Question22-25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.
Q22.Wheredoesthisconversationmostprobablytakeplace?
Q23.WhatdowelearnaboutmodernHarrogate?
Q24.WhatdoesthemansayabouttheareacalledtheStray?
Q25.WhatattractspeoplemostintheStrayduringthespringtime?
About700,000childreninMexicodroppedoutofschoollastyearasrecession-stricken
familiespushedkidstowork,andaweakeconomicrecoverywillallowonlyslight
improvementinthedrop-outratein2010,atopeducationofficialsaid.
Mexico'seconomysufferedmorethananyotherinLatinAmericalastyear,shrinkingan
estimated7percentduetoaplungeinU.S.demandforMexicanexportssuchascars.
Thedeclineledtoa4percentincreaseinthenumberofkidswholeftprimaryormiddle
schoolin2009,saidJuandeDiosCastro,whoheadsthenation'sadulteducation
programandkeepsaclosewatchondrop-outrates.
"Povertyroseandthatisafactorthatmakesourjobmoredifficult,"CastrotoldReutersin
aninterviewearlierthismonth.
Hinderedbyhighertaxesandweakdemandforitsexports,Mexico*seconomyisseen
onlypartiallyrecoveringthisyear.Asaresult,drop-outrateswillnotimprovemuch,
Castrosaid.
"Therewillbesomeimprovement,butnotsignificant,'*Castrosaid.
Mexicohashistoricallyhadhighdrop-outratesaspoorfamiliespullkidsoutofschoolto
helpputfoodonthetable,andchildrenoftensellcandyandcraftsinthestreetsorworkin
restaurants.
Thenation'sdrop-outproblemisjustthelatestbadnewsforthelong-term
competitivenessoftheMexicaneconomy.Mexico'spoliticianshaveresistedmendingthe
country'stax,energyandlaborlawsfordecades,leavingitseconomybehindcountries
suchasBrazilandChile.
PassageOne
RussellFazio,anOhioStatepsychologyprofessorwhohasstudiedinterracialroommates
thereandatIndianaUniversity,discoveredanintriguingacademiceffect.Inastudy
analyzingdataonthousandsofOhioStatefreshmenwholivedindorms,hefoundthat
blackfreshmenwhocametocollegewithhighstandardizedtestscoresearnedbetter
gradesiftheyhadawhiteroommate—eveniftheroommate'stestscoreswerelow.The
roommate'sracehadnoeffectonthegradesofwhitestudentsorlow-scoringblack
students.Perhaps,thestudyspeculated,havingawhiteroommatehelpsacademically
preparedblackstudentsadjusttoapredominantlywhiteuniversity.
ThatsamestudyfoundthatrandomlyassignedinterracialroommatesatOhioStatebroke
upbeforetheendofthequarterabouttwiceasoftenassame-raceroommates.
Becauseinterracialroommaterelationshipsareoftenproblematic,Dr.Faziosaid,many
studentswouldliketomoveout,butuniversityhousingpoliciesmaymakeithardtoleave.
uAtIndianaUniversity,wherehousingwasnotsotight,moreinterracialroommatessplit
up,"hesaid."HereatOhioState,wherehousingwastight,theyweretoldtoworkitout.
Themostinterestingthingwefoundwasthatiftherelationshipmanagedtocontinuefor
just10weeks,wecouldseeanimprovementinracialattitudes.n
Dr.Fazio'sIndianastudyfoundthatthreetimesasmanyrandomlyassignedinterracial
roommateswerenolongerlivingtogetherattheendofthesemester,comparedwith
whiteroommates.Theinterracialroommatesspentlesstimetogether,andhadfewerjoint
activitiesthanthewhitepairs.
Question26-29
26.WhatdoweknowaboutRussellFazio?
27.WhobenefitedfromlivingwithawhiteroommateaccordingtoFazio'sstudy?
28.WhatdidthestudyfindaboutrandomlyassignedinterracialroommatesatOhioState
University?
29.WhatdidDr.Faziofindinterestingaboutinterracialroommateswhohadlivedtogether
for10weeks?
PassageTwo
InasmallliboratoryattheMedicalUniversityofSouthCarolina,Dr.VladimirMironovhas
beenworkingforadecadetogrowmeat.Adevelopmentalbiologistandtissueengineer,
Dr.Mironov,isoneofonlyafewscientistsworldwideinvolvedinbioengineering'cultured,
meat.
Ifsaproducthebelievescouldhelpsolvefutureglobalfoodcrisesresultingfrom
shrinkingamountsoflandavailableforgrowingmeattheold-fashionedway.
“GrowthofculturedmeatisalsounderwayintheNetherlands",MironovtoldReutersinan
interview,UbutintheUnitedStates,itisscienceinsearchoffundinganddemand."
ThenewNationalInstituteofFoodandAgriculturewon'tfundit,theNationalInstitutesof
Healthwon'tfundit,andtheNASAfundeditonlybriefly,Mironovsaid.
"It'sclassicdisruptivetechnology,'*Mironovsaid.'Bringinganynewtechnologyonthe
market,onaverage,costs$1billion.Wedon*tevenhave$1million.*'
DirectoroftheAdvancedTissueBiofabricationCenterintheDepartmentofRegenerative
MedicineandCellBiologyatthemedicaluniversity,Mironovnowprimarilyconducts
researchontissueengineering,orgrowing,ofhumanorgans.
"There'sanunpleasantfactorwhenpeoplefindoutmeatisgrowninalab.Theydon'tlike
toassociatetechnologywithfood,"saidNicholasGenovese,avisitingscholarincancer
cellbiology.
"Buttherearealotofproductsthatweeattodaythatareconsiderednaturalthatare
producedinasimilarmanner,'*Genovesesaid.
30.WhatdoesDr.Mironovthinkofbioengineeringculturedmeat?
31.WhatdoesDr.Mironovsayaboutthefundingfortheirresearch?
32.WhatdoesNicholasGenovesesayaboutalotofproductsweeattoday?
PassageThree
BernardJacksonisafreemantoday,buthehasmanybittermemories.Jacksonspent
fiveyearsinprisonafterajurywronglyconvictedhimofrapingtwowomen.AtJackson's
trial,althoughtwowitnessestestifiedthatJacksonwaswiththeminanotherlocationat
thetimesofthecrimes,hewasconvictedanyway.Why?Thejurybelievedthetestimony
ofthetwovictims,whopositivelyidentifiedJacksonasthemanwhohasattackedthem.
ThecourteventuallyfreedJacksonafterthepolicefoundthemanwhohadreally
committedthecrimes.Jacksonwassimilarinappearancetotheguiltyman.Thetwo
womenhasmadeamistakeinidentity.Asaresult,Jacksonhaslostfiveyearsofhislife.
Thetwowomeninthiscasewereeyewitnesses.Theyclearlysawthemanwhoattacked
them,yettheymistakenlyidentifiedaninnocentperson.Similarincidentshaveoccurred
before.Eyewitnessestoothercrimeshaveidentifiedthewrongpersoninapolicelineup
orinphotographs.
Manyfactorsinfluencetheaccuracyofeyewitnesstestimony.Forinstance,witnesses
sometimesseephotographsofseveralsuspectsbeforetheytrytoidentifythepersonthey
sawinalineupofpeople.Theycanbecomeconfusedbyseeingmanyphotographsor
similarfaces.Thenumberofpeopleinthelineup,andwhetheritisalivelineupora
photograph,mayalsoaffectawitness'sdecision.Peoplesometimeshavedifficulty
identifyingpeopleofotherraces.Thequestionsthepoliceaskwitnessesalsohavean
effectonthem.
Question33:WhatdowelearnaboutBernardJackson?
Question34:WhatleddirectlytoJackson'ssentence?
Question35:WhatlessondowelearnfromJackson'scase?
2011.6
11
M:lleft20pagesheretocopy,here'sthereceipt
W:Tmsorry,sir,butwearealittlebehind,couldyoucomebackinafewminutes?
Q:whatdoesthewomanmean?
12
W:IhopeyouarenottoputoutwithmeforthedelayJhadtostopfortheFred's
hometopickupabookonmywayhere
M:well,thafsnotabigdeal,butyoumightatleastphoneifyouknowyouwillkeep
someonewaiting
Q:whatdowelearnaboutthewomen?
13
W:Markisthebestcandidateforchairmanofthestudentsunion,isn'the?
M:well,thatguywon'tbeabletowintheelectionunlesshegotthemajorityvotefrom
womenstudents,andIamnotsureaboutit?
Q:whatdoesthemanmean?
14
M:sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting,Madam,I'velocatedyourluggage,itwasleft
behindinParisandwon'tarriveuntillaterthisevening
W:oh,lcan5tbelievethis,haveitbeentodeliveredtomyhotelthen,lguess
Q:whathappenedtothewoman'sluggage?
15
W:Idon'tthinkwehaveenoughinformationforourpresentation.Butwehavetogive
ittomorrow.Thatdoesn'tseemtobemuchwecandoaboutit.
M:Yeah,atthispoint,wellhavetomakedowith
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