Unit3TheworldofScienceGrammarVocabulary课件-高一英语

Unit3Period2Grammar&Vocabulary新课导入Theyhavejustconnectedtheprintertothecomputer.Theprinterhasjustbeenconnectedtothecomputerbythem.Readthesetwosentencesandtellthedifferencebetweenthem.activeformpassiveform课堂学习PresentperfectpassiveLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1a.Iguessyouhavebeenaskedaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.b.Newinventionslike3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.1.Whathashappenedto“you”insentence(a)2.Whohasusednewinventionstomakereplacementheartsandbonepartsinsentence(b)Someonehasasked“you”aboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.Peoplehaveused3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.

Comparethemwiththefollowingsentencesandanswerthequestions.c.Iguesssomeonehasaskedyouaboutthetitleofyourbookbefore.d.Peoplehaveusednewinventionslike3Dprinterstomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.3.Whatisthedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofsentences4.WhydoestheauthorchoosetousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveforminthereadingpassageInthefirstgroup,thewordsinboldshowtheuseofthepassiveformwiththesubjects,whileinthesecondgroup,thewordsinboldshowtheuseoftheactiveformwiththesubjects.Theauthorchoosestousethepassiveforminsteadoftheactiveformtoemphasiswhathasbeendone,ratherthanwhoorwhatdoestheaction.Nowlookformoresentenceswiththepresentperfectpassiveinthereadingpassage.1.TheNewAgeofInvention

hasjustbeenpublished.(para.1)2.In

addition,

importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.(para.6)3.NothinglikethishasbeeninventedyetandI’dsaywe’realongwayfromaninventionlikethatatthemoment.(para.14)Presentperfectpassive现在完成时的被动语态一、构成肯定式:have/has+beendone否定式:have/hasnot+beendone一般疑问式:Have/Has+主语+beendone特殊疑问式:疑问词+have/has(+主语)+beendoneeg:Thedoorhasalreadybeenlocked.Thechildrenhaven’tbeentoldthegoodnewsyet.HashisnewnovelbeentranslatedintoEnglishyetHowlonghasthehousebeenbuilt二、现在完成时的被动语态的主要用法1.表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响与结果，着重指现在的情况。当动词为结束性动词时，可与already,yet连用，但不能与for或since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用。eg:Theworkhasalreadybeencompleted.2.表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并有可能持续下去时，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于Howlong…

句型中。eg:Mycarhasbeenrepairedfortwoday.eg:Thehousehasbeenpaintedsincethefamilymovedout.3.用在时间或条件等状语从句中，表示将来某时已完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。eg:Youcangohomeassoonasyourtaskhasbeenfinished.三、常与现在完成时连用的时间状语already,yet,recently/lately,sincethen,eversince,sofar,ever,foralongtime,bynow,inrecentyears,in/during/overthepast/last(few)years四、应注意的问题1.注意现在完成时的被动语态的两个助动词，即have

/

has和been,两者缺一不可。2.注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在情况没有关系，而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。eg:Thisnovelwasfinishedlastyear.eg:Thisnovelhasbeenfinished.3.非延续性动词在现在完成时的被动语态中的运用。非延续性动词，如borrow,finish,begin,start,buy,marry,open,join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不与for或since连用。但这类动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有连续性，因而可与since或for引导的时间状语连用。eg:Nobookshavebeenboughtsincelastweek.4.动词短语是一个不可分割的整体，在被动结构中要保持完整性，不可省略动词短语中的介词或副词。eg:Theorphanhasbeenlookedafterbyhisneighbours.eg:Theproblemhasbeenpaidenoughattentionto.5.带有双宾语的动词，如give,send,bring,take,teach,show,tell,make,sing,write,read,sell,buy,pay,lend,pass,promise等，变为被动语态时，一般将直接宾语或间接宾语变为被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前面要用相应的介词。eg:Thecompanyhasgivenhimachancetoworkabroadrecently.eg:Hehasbeengivenachancetoworkabroadrecently

(bythecompany).2Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingthepresentperfectpassive.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.Ithasalreadyaffectedmanythingsinourlives,rightdowntothefoodweeat.Forinstance,somerestaurantsinLondonhaveserved3D-printedhamburgerstocustomers.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.

Theyhavemadehumanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,with3Dprintingtechnology.Anditisnotjusthumanswhoarebenefiting-inBrazil,peoplehavegivenanew3D-printedshelltoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!Manythingsinourliveshavealreadybeenaffected3D-printedhamburgershavebeenservedtocustomersinsomerestaurantsinLondon.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthathavebeenachievedtodateisinmedicine.Humanbodyparts,includingabeatingheart,havebeenmadewith3Dprintingtechnology.Anew3D-printedshellhasbeengiventoaturtleinjuredinaforestfire!3ImagineyouareDrMoore.Lookatthepicturesandtellthepoliceaboutthedamageandlosstoyourlab.Usethepresentperfectpassivewhereappropriate.Thelockonthedoorhasbeenbroken.Thewindowhasbeenbroken.Mytwolaptopshavebeenstolen.Beakersandtesttubeshavebeendestroyed.Thebookcasehasbeenopened,andsomefileshavebeentakenawaywhileothershavebeenthrowneverywhere.Therobothasbeendamaged.Apairofgloveshavebeenleftinthelab.4Lookatthepicturesandanswerthequestions.Careersinsciencephysicistmathematicianchemistastronomergeographerbiologist1.Whatdoyouknowaboutthesecareers2.WhatfamousscientistscanyounameinthesefieldsA1:Aphysicist

isapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithphysicsorwhostudiesphysics.Amathematicianisapersonwhoistrainedinthestudyofnumbersandcalculations.Achemistisapersonwhodoesresearchconnectedwithchemistryorwhostudieschemistry.Anastronomerisascientistwhostudiesthestars,planets,andothernaturalobjectsinspace.Ageographerisapersonwhostudiesthegeographyorisanexpertinit.Abiologistisapersonwhostudiesorworksinthefieldofbiology.A2:Physicist:

IsaacNewton

艾萨克·牛顿;AlbertEinstein阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦Mathematician:

ZuChongzhi

祖冲之;HuaLuogeng

华罗庚Chemist:DmitriMendeleev

德米特里·伊万诺维奇·门捷列夫;AlfredBernhardNobel阿尔弗雷德·伯纳德·诺贝尔Astronomer:

ZhangHeng张衡;GalileoGalilei伽利略·伽利雷Geographer:XuXiake徐霞客;PeiXiu裴秀Biologist:

T.C.Tung童第周LearningtolearnWordsaboutdifferentcareersinsciencecanbeformedbyadding-er,-istor-ianattheendofthewordsaboutsubjects,egbiology—biologist.Morecareers:baker,editor,statistician,librarian,columnist,linguist5CompletetheintroductionsaboutdifferentscientistswiththewordsinActivity4.Payattentiontothelanguagethatdescribestheircareers.GuoShoujing(1231-1316)wasafamousChinese1_____________oftheYuandynasty.Heinventedtwelvenewinstrumentstostudystarsandplanets.HealsodevelopedacalendarwhichisasaccurateastheGregoriancalendar.AmountainontheMoonandaminorplanetarenamedafterhim.astronomerBritish2___________CharlesDarwin

(1809–1882)isbestknownforhisworkOntheOriginofSpecies,inwhichheexplainschangesinspeciesduetonaturalselection.Hisideasdeeplyinfluenceourunderstandingoftherelationshipbetweenhumansandnature.

biologistLiDaoyuan(ca466-527)

wasafamouswriterand3_____________oftheNorthernWeiDynasty.HedidfieldresearchacrossChinaandstudiedmorethanathousandriversandstreams,alongwiththelandscape,historyandcultureofthesurroundingareas.

geographerMarieCurie(1867–1934)wasaworld-famous4__________,andwasfirstawardedtheNobelPrizein1903forherextraordinaryworkonradioactivity.Shewasalsoregardedasabrilliant5________,andwasagainawardedtheNobelPrizein1911fortheisolationofpureradium.

physicist

chemistChenJingrun(1933–1996)wasoneoftheworld’sleading6______________.HisworkonChen’sTheoremmadeanimportantadvancetowardsprovingGoldbach’sConjecture(哥德巴赫猜想),thegreatestunsolvedprobleminnumbertheory.

mathematicians6Workinpairs.Thinkaboutothercareersinscienceanddiscusswhatinterestsyoumost.I’minterestedintheworkofa(n)...because...Languagepoints1.Withinthenext80years,ourlivesmaybechangedbeyondrecognitionby3Dprinting.在未来的80年里，我们的生活可能会被3D打印改变得无法辨认。▶beyond

prep.

无法……；超出（某个数量、水平或限度）；晚于，迟于【词汇拓展】beyondrepair/control/belief无法修理/控制/相信beyonddescription无法形容，难以描述beyondrecognition变得认不出来beyondone’spower超出某人的能力beyondone’sreach在某人够不着的地方beyondcompare无与伦比[即学即练]完成句子1.Scott’sequipmentwasdamaged

________________(无法修理).2.Thescenerytherewas

___________________________(美得无法形容).3.Thetown

____________________________________(已经变得让人认不出来了)sinceIwaslasthere.4.Tonight’sperformancehasbeencancelledduetocircumstances__________________________(我们无法控制).5.Someshopskeepopen

_____________________(到午夜以后).beyond

repairbeautifulbeyonddescriptionhaschangedbeyond

recognitionbeyondbeyond

midnightour

control2.Butperhapsthemostsignificantsuccessthatpeoplehaveachievedtodateisinmedicine.但或许迄今为止，人们所取得的最重要的成就是在医药领域。▶significant

adj.重要的，影响深远的【词汇拓展】besignificant=beofsignificance重要的Itissignificantthat...……很重要significance

n.重要性，意义；意思，含义attachgreat

/

littleimportance

/

significance认为……很有/几乎没有重要性thesignificanceof

……的重要性[即学即练]完成句子1.________________________________(……很重要)allthepeoplearetreatedequally.2.Atheory,howevergooditis,is

_______________________

(没有意义)withoutbeingputintopractice.3.