浙江工商大学257英语（二外）历年考研真题汇编

目录

2008年浙江工商大学217英语（二外）

考研真题

2009年浙江工商大学217英语（二外）

考研真题

2010年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2011年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2012年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2013年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2014年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2015年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2016年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2017年浙江工商大学257英语（二外）

考研真题

2008年浙江工商大学217英语（二外）考研真题

招生专业：日语语言文学

考试科目：217英语总分：100分考试时间：3小时

TestPaper1

PartIReadingComprehension(45%)

Direction:Thereare6passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefour

choicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceand

markthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethrough

thecentre.

PassageOne

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

AndrewCarnegie,knownastheKingofSteel,builtthesteelindustryinthe

UnitedStates,andintheprocess,becameoneofthewealthiestmenin

America.Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductand

inpartfromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline,

whenmostofhiscompetitorswerereducingtollinvestments.

Carnegiebelievedthatindividualsshouldprogressthroughhardwork,buthe

alsofeltstronglythatthewealthyshouldusetheirfortunesforthebenefitof

society.Heopposedcharity,preferringinsteadtoprovideeducational

opportunitiesthatwouldallowotherstohelpthemselves.“Hewhodiesrich,

diesdisgraced.”heoftensaid.

Amonghismorenoteworthycontributionstosocietyarethosethatbearhis

names,includingtheCarnegieInstituteofPittsburgh,whichhasalibrary,a

museumoffinearts,andamuseumofnationalhistory.Healsofoundeda

schooloftechnologythatisnowpartofCarnegieMellonUniversity.Other

generousgiftshegavetosocietyaretheCarnegieEndowmentfor

InternationalPeacetopromoteunderstandingbetweennations,theCarnegie

InstituteofWashingtontofundscientificresearch,andCarnegieHallto

provideacenterforthearts.

FewAmericanshavebeenleftuntouchedbyAndrewCarnegie’sgenerosity.

Hiscontributionsofmorethanfivemilliondollarsestablished2,500libraries

insmallcommunitiesthroughoutthecountryandformedthenucleusofthe

publiclibrarysystemdialweallenjoytoday.

1．AndrewCarnegiemadehisfortunesin_____.

A.investments

B.education

C.steelindustry

D.expansion

2．AccordingtoAndrewCarnegie,thewealthyareobligedto_____.

A.donatemoneytosociety

B.provideeducationopportunitiestotheneedy

C.builtscientificresearchcenters

D.offergenerousgiftstosociety

3．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Onlysomeofhiscontributionswerenamedafterhim.

B.Allofhisnoteworthycontributionstosocietybearhisnames.

C.Someoftheschoolshefoundedhavebecomeuniversities.

D.Allofhiscontributionsarenoteworthy.

4．“Hewhodiesrich,diesdisgraced”inLine4,Para.2means_____.

A.awealthymanwillalwaysdieindisgrace

B.wealthwillbringdisgracetoamanwhenhedies

C.anaffluentmanwilldieinshameunlesshehascontributedtosociety

D.ifamangetsrichwhenhedies,hewillbeputtoshame

5．VirtuallyallAmericanshave_____.

A.benefitedfromAndrewCarnegie’contributions

B.beendeeplymovedbyhisgenerosity

C.gainedaccesstosmallcommunitylibraries

D.formedthenucleusofthepubliclibrarysystem

PassageTwo

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whenamanworksitisamatteroflifeanddeath,andasarule,thefirstyears

ofhislifearedecisive.Anymanoftwenty-fivewhoisnotwellonhiswayup

theladdercanbeconsideredahopelesscase.AtthisMage,allhisabilities

arebeingdeveloped,andthefightwithhiscompetitorsisafighttothedeath.

Behindamaskofbusinessfriendship,beisconstantlyonthewatchforany

signofsuperiorityinoneofhisassociates,andhewillnoteitsappearance

withanxiety.Ifthissameassociateshowssignsofweaknessorindecision,it

mustbetakenadvantageofatonce.Yetmanisonlyatinycoginagigantic

businessmachine,hehimselfbeingineffectexploitedateveryturn.Whenhe

drivesothers,hedriveshimselfmostofall.Hisordersarcreallyordersfrom

above,passedonbyhim.Ifthemenatthetopoccasionallytaketimeto

praisehim,itisnotinordertomakehimhappy;itisonlytospurhimon,to

stimulatehimtogreatereffort.Forman,whowasbroughtuptobeproudand

honorable,everyworkingdayismerelyanendlessseriesofhumiliations.He

showsenthusiasmforproductshefindsuseless,helaughsatjokeshefinds

tasteless,heexpressesopinionswhicharenothisown.Notforamomentis

heallowedtoforgetthatthemerestoversightmaymeandemotion,thatone

slipofthetonguemayspelltheendofhiscareer.

6．Whenmanfindshiscolleaguebetterthanheis,hewillfeel_____.

A.happy

B.worried

C.indifferent

D.desperate

7．Althoughmenaretaughttobeproudandhonorable,theirworkgives

themnothingbut_____.

A.orders

B.compliments

C.praises

D.humiliations

8．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Men’sbossesmaytaketimetopraisehimonlyinordertomakegreater

profitsoutofhim.

B.Menhaveenthusiasmfortheirwork.

C.Mencherishtheirfriendshipwiththeirworkmates.

D.Itsimplydoesnotmatterifmenhappentosaythewrongthingwhile

working.

9．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheword“demotion”in

thelastsentence?

A.promotion

B.movement

C.destruction

D.downgrading

10．Whichofthefollowingmaybethemostsuitabletitleforthispassage?

A.Men’sMaskatWork.

B.MenArcExploitedEverywhere.

C.WorkIsaMatterofLifeandDeathforMen.

D.Men’sRelationshipswithHisAssociatesandSuperiors.

PassageThree

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Australia’sfertilityrateisnow1.8percent.Thisiswellbelowreplacement

level,afactwhichisbeginningtocausesomealarmamongsocialpolicy

experts,particularlythosewhorecognizethelinkbetweenpopulationgrowth

andthesustainabilityofsocialwelfarepolicieswhicharefundedbytaxation.

Australianwomenarenowlesslikelytomarryandfarlesslikelytohave

children.TheAustralianBureauofStatisticsreportedlastyearthat27per

centofwomenwouldnownotgivebirthatall.Andifwomendohave

children,thenumberofbirthswillbefewerthanatanyotherstageinhistory.

Manymoreadultsthineverbeforearenowlivingalone.

Opinionsdifferastowhythisistheease.Tworecentreportsoffersome

clues.ThesocialPolicyResearchCenterattheUniversityofNewSouth

Waleshasjustreleaseditsreportwhichtookovertwoyearstocompleteand

isanationalfirst.Amongotherthings,itshowedthatAustralia’swelfare

budgetof$42billionfailstoprovidebasiclivingstandardsforsomeofthe

poorestfamilies.

Thisreportdemonstratedthatachildwillhavecostabout$130,000byits

14thbirthday.Combiningthisresearchwithworkpreviouslydoneby

ProfessorPeterMcDonaldonforegoneearnings—whichwereestimatedfor

theperiodat700,000isreached.

11．Whatisworryingsocialexpertsisthat_____.

A.thebirthrateandthedeathrategohandinhand

B.thebirthrateandthedeathriteareoutofbalance

C.thebirthrateisrising

D.thepopulationgrowswiththesustainabilityofsocialwelfarepolicies

12．OneofthereasonsforthecurrentAustralia’sfertilityrateis_____.

A.womendonotwanttohavebabies

B.womencan’tfindtheirMr.Right

C.womendislikechildren

D.child-rearingisinexpensive

13．Whenitcomestowhythebirthratehasdropped,_____.

A.thereisaconsensusonit

B.thereisacontroversysurroundingit

C.nothinghasbeenfoundsofar

D.onlythepoorwomenrefusetogivebirthtobabies

14．Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Littleisknownaboutthecauseofthedropinthefertilityrote.

B.Muchresearchhasbeenconductedonthepresentbirthrate.

C.Thedropinthebirthrateisapoliticalissue.

D.Reportsonthefactorscontributingtothecurrentfertilityratearerare.

15．Whatischieflyresponsibleforthedropinthebirthrate?

A.Womenrefusetohavebabies.

B.Manhasalongerlifespan.

C.Childrearingisanexpensivematter.

D.Somethingiswrongwiththesocialwelfarepolicies.

PassageFour

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Afterpracticingasasurgeonforseveralyears,Dr.Johnsondecidedtoapply

formembershipintheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons,ahighlyselectiveand

distinguishedprofessionalorganization.

Aspartoftheapplicationprocedure,Dr.Johnsonwasaskedtopreparealist

ofalltheoperationsperformedintheprevioussevenyears.Slowly,asshe

workedonthelonglist,shebegantofeeluncertain.Shebegantoquestion

someofherdecisions.Hadsheusedthebesttechniqueinthatease?Maybe,

inthisease,shewouldhaverunonemoretestbeforetheoperation?Onthe

otherhand,maybeshewouldhave...Wouldthedoctorsontheselection

committeeunderstandthat,astheonlytrainedsurgeoninthearea,she

usuallycouldnotgetadvicefromothersandtherefore,hadtorelycompletely

onherownjudgment?Forthefirsttime,Dr.Johnsonfeltlonelyandisolated.

ThelongerDr.Johnsonworkedontheapplicationforms,themoredepressed

shebecame.Ashopefaded,shewonderedifa“country(factor”hada

realisticchanceofbeingacceptedbytheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons.

16．WheredidDr.Johnsonwork?

A.Alargecity.

B.TheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons.

C.Anareafarfromanybigcity.

D.Aselectiveorganization.

17．Whatmusttheapplicationformsinclude?

A.Arecordofalltheoperations.

B.Thedecisionprocedure.

C.Thebesttechnique.

D.Alistofadviceandjudgments.

18．ItwasmostprobablethatDr.Johnsonwas_____.

A.awell-trainedsurgeon

B.amemberinthatorganization

C.adistinguishedsurgeoninAmerica

D.agraduatefromtheAmericanCollegeofSurgeons

19．Whenshewasfillingtheapplicationforms,Dr.Johnsonbeganto

be_____.

A.realistic

B.distinguished

C.perplexed

D.decisive

20．Whenfillingtheforms.Dr.Johnsonfeltdepressedbecause_____.

A.shedidn’tperformenoughoperations

B.someoperationswereunsuccessful

C.shedidn’tgetadvicefromtheselectivecommittee

D.shewasdoubtfulaboutheroperations

PassageFive

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Thequalitiesofleadershiparealmostconstanttheworldover.Ifyouwould

liketobecomepresidentofyourclass,school,orstudentcouncil,youmust

firstdemonstratethatyouhavethepotentialsofleadership.

Foronething,youmustshowthatyouareinterestedinyourschoolandin

yourfellowstudents.Inpracticalterms,thismeanstakinganactivepartin

schoolactivities.Itmeansjoiningclubs,attendingdancesandothersocial

functions,andgoingoutforathletics—ifyouarcathletic.

Ifyouconsciouslystrivetoovercomeshynessbygoingouttomeetpeople,

youwillfindyourselfatthesametimedevelopingmotherqualityof

leadership-understanding.Asyourcircleoffriendsandcontactswidensyou

willgettoknowyourschoolmatesbetter.Becauseyouarenolongerso

concernedwithyourownfeelings,youwillbegintorespectandtakeinto

accountthefeelingsofothers.

Anotherqualityofleadershipwhichyoucandevelopiswillingnesstodoa

bitextra.Ifyouareexpectedtoselltenticketstoadance,forexample,and

sellfifteen,youhaveprovedyourinterestandyourefforttomakeyour

organizationsuccessful.Onceyouacquirethereputationofalwaysdoinga

littlemorethanexpected,yourfellowstudentswillbewillingtotrustyou

withgreaterresponsibilities.

21．Whatisthepassagechieflyconcernedwith?

A.Howapersoncandevelopqualitiesofleadership.

B.Variouswaysagoodleadercanmakefriendsandinfluencepeople.

C.Theresponsibilitiesofleadership.

D.Whymanypeoplearenotgoodleaders.

22．Theauthorfeelsthataprospectiveleadershouldattendschooldancesto

_____.

A.provethatheisthebestdancerintheschool

B.showhisinterestinschoolactivities

C.overcomehisshyness

D.learnhowtodance

23．Theauthorapparentlyfeelsthatapersonwhoisnotathletic_____.

A.shouldgooutforathleticsanyway

B.isdefinitelynotinterestedinschoolelections

C.hasnochanceofbecomingaleader

D.canparticipateinotherschoolactivities

24．Accordingtotheauthor,whatdoesunderstandingofothersleadto?

A.Respectsforothers.

B.Willingnesstodoabitextra.

C.Overcomingone’sshyness.

D.Understandingofone’sownfeelings.

25．Theauthorfeelsthat_____.

A.apersonisbornwithimagination

B.imaginationcanbedeveloped

C.somepeoplehavenoimagination

D.imaginationpreventsonefromthinkinghard

PassageSix

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowlugpassage.

Whenapopulationages,thereisadecreaseintherelativepercentageof

youngerpeople.Inhumanterms,thismeansthattherearefewerchildrento

takecareofparentsandgrandparents.Thisincreasestheriskofsocialand

emotionalisolationofolderadultsinasociety.Undernormalcircumstances,

anelderlycouplewhohaveanywherebetweenfourtotwelvechildrenwill

neversufferfromloneliness.Asageneralrule,alargefamilyconstituteda

sureguaranteethatonewouldbesupportedemotionallyandfinanciallyin

one’soldage.Inruralcommunitiesthroughouttheworld,thismeantthat

threegenerationsofthesomefamilywouldinevitablyliveunderthesame

rooforveryclosetoeachother.Dropsinbirthratesandeconomic

circumstances(bothopulenceandpoverty)havealreadyplacedthiswayof

lifeinjeopardyinmanypartsoftheworld.By1995inCanada,only12%of

Canadianseniorslivedwiththeirchildrenaspartofanextendedfamily.Even

inurbanChina,wherehousingconditionsandthecenturies-oldadage“Never

travelfarfromyouroldparents”havekeptthefamilyunitmuchtighter,more

elderlycouplesarelivingontheirown.

26．Whatdoesthesentence‘‘thereisadecreaseintherelativepercentageof

youngerpeople”inLine1mean?

A.Thenumberofyoungpeoplehasdropped.

B.Thenumberofyoungpeoplehasincreased.

C.Theratiooftheoldandtheyounghaschanged.

D.Thepercentageofolderadultshasrisen.

27．Agingpopulationtendstogiveriseto_____.

A.emotionalproblems

B.economicproblems

C.socialproblems

D.isolationoftheolderadultsinavarietyofways

28．Itisstatedinthepassagethat_____.

A.extendedfamiliesusedtobecommonplaceinCanada

B.largefamiliesprevailinsomepartsoftheworld

C.peopleinthecountryacrosstheworldusedtohavethreegenerationslive

togetherorclosetoeachother

D.themorechildrenoldpeoplehave,thelesslikelytheyaretolivealone

29．Itcanbesafelyconcludedthat_____.

A.manyolderadultsincitieslivewiththeirchildreninChinathanelsewhere

B.moreseniorsliveinanextendedfamilythanelsewhere

C.Chinesetakethebestcareoftheirparentsintheworld

D.theproblemoftheoldismerelyregional

30．Themostsuitabletitleforthispassageis_____.

A.LonelinessoftheOldandAgingPopulations

B.TheDropintheBirthRate

C.TheOldintheUrbanAreas

D.TheOldintheRuralAreas

PartIIVocabularyandStructure(20%)

Directions:Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.Foreachsentence

thenarefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ChoosetheONEanswer

thatbestcompletesthesentence.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

31．Withoutproperlessons,youcould_____alotofbadhabitswhen

playingthepiano.

A.keepup

B.pickup

C.drawup

D.catchup

32Themanwas_____onemeterfiftyhigh.

A.almostmorethan

B.hardlymorethan

C.nearlymorethan

D.asmuchas

33．_____Idon’tneedtosayhowimportantthisprojectis.

A.Originally

B.Favorably

C.Obviously

D.Constantly

34．ThejudgebelievedthatPaul,forsomereason,had_____thetruth.

A.keptup

B.keptfrom

C.leftoff

D.heldback

35．Theconcerthallwasnotbigenoughandtheaudience_____itintothe

street.

A.pound

B.approached

C.overflowed

D.confined

36．Theinfection_____seriouslythebaby’shealth.

A.damaged

B.recovered

C.underwent

D.undermined

37．Whattheoldmansaidalways_____mymind.

A.concentrateson

B.focuses

C.dwellsin

D.holdsin

38．Don’tcarryyourgrief_____excess.

A.in

B.towards

C.beyond

D.to

39．Afterafewroundsoftalks,bothsidesregardedtheterritorydispute

_____.

A.beingsettled

B.tobesettled

C.hadsettled

D.assettled

40Howtobuilduphealthisanissueof_____interest.

A.universal

B.commonsense

C.greater

D.little

41．Hewasopenly_____ofhiselderbrother.

A.angry

B.scorn

C.contemptuous

D.contemptible

42．Whattheyhavebeendoingisinconsistent_____thegovernment’s

domesticpolicy.

A.within

B.with

C.on

D.to

43．Thereisagroupinthepartysympathetic_____ouraims.

A.for

B.in

C.to

D.with

44．Mountainvillagesarecompletely_____inwinter.

A.isolating

B.coldly

C.covering

D.inaccessible

45．Thiscommissionissurelysubordinate_____theSecurityCouncil.

A.towards

B.below

C.beneath

D.to

46．Alovemarriage,however,doesnotnecessarily_____muchsharingof

interestsandresponsibilities.

A.takeover

B.resultin

C.holdon

D.keepto

47．Oursondoesn’tknowwhatto_____attheuniversity;hecan’tmakeup

hismindabouthisfuture.

A.takein

B.takeup

C.takeover

D.takeoff

48．_____asakindofartform,toysarenotcharacterizedbytechnological

progress.

A.Regarded

B.Regarding

C.Withregard

D.Considered

49．Theproductsmadeinthiscountryareinferior_____thoseinthat

country.

A.than

B.to

C.over

D.below

50．Moststudentstrytheirbestto_____theexpectationsoftheirparents.

A.dwellon

B.livethrough

C.liveon

D.liveupto

51．Havingafever,thegirlwas_____tothehousefor3days.

A.confined

B.adjusted

C.embarrassed

D.closed

52．Hehasanamazing_____ofinterestsandrichexperience.

A.various

B.varied

C.diversity

D.distinct

53．Thestudentreviewedherhomeworkcarefullyto____allthespelling

mistakesfromit.

A.withdraw

B.diminish

C.abandon

D.eliminate

54．Theprospectofworkingunderawoman_____theultimateindignity.

A.constituted

B.got

C.considered

D.led

55．Beautifulwomenarepronetobeprejudiced_____whenhuntingfora

managerialpost.

A.for

B.against

C.infavor

D.to

56．Iappreciated_____theopportunitytoworkinJapanthreeyearsago.

A.havingbeengiven

B.havinggiven

C.tohavegiven

D.tohavebeengiven

57．Compactdiscs_____athighspeedinordertoreducesounddistortion.

A.reverse

B.reserve

C.revolve

D.resolve

58．Annacceptedtheinstructor’sadvicetospendmoretimeonsomething

_____researchinginto.

A.worth

B.precious

C.worthy

D.valuable

59．Therefugees,all_____hadbeendamagedbythewar,weregivenhelp

bytheRedCross.

A.theirhomes

B.whosehomes

C.ofwhosehomes

D.oftheirhomes

60．Hecaughtatimberrattlesnake,whichisnowextinctintwoeastern

statesinwhichitonce_____.

A.thrived

B.swelled

C.prosperous

D.diedout

61．DoctorSmithcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_____hisassumptions

infavorofthenewtheory.

A.whichtobaseon

B.onwhichtobase

C.tobaseonwhich

D.whichtobebasedon

62．Somanystudentswenttothecampusdoctorbeforetheexamthatthere

seemedtobean_____ofexam-itis.

A.epidemic

B.expansion

C.extension

D.longevity

63．Thereseemstobea_____betweenthearrivaloftheletterandhis

abruptdepartureshortlyafterwards.

A.combination

B.connection

Cintegration

D.expectancy

64．_____thesportsmeetingintheweekend,Iwouldhavegoneto

ShanghailastSaturday.

A.Butfor

B.Inspiteof

C.Becauseof

D.Asfor

65．Idon’tmind_____thetaskaslongasitisnottoolate.

A.himtodelayfinishing

B.hisdelayingtofinish

C.hisdelayingfinishing

D.himdelaytomake

66．Fueltaxeswerereduced,_____industryfromtheeffectsoftherisein

oilprices.

A.shivering

B.shielding

C.shedding

D.shifting

67．Itisdifficultforsomeonewho’sbeenastageactresstomakethe_____

totelevision.

A.qualification

B.inflation

C.opposition

D.transition

68．Workingabroadshouldbeanexcitingand_____experienceforall

concerned.

A.positive

B.irritable

C.permanent

D.potential

69．Patientscanusuallymovewithout_____withinafewweeksofthe

operations.

A.relief

B.recommendation

C.assistance

D.interruption

70．Thepolitical_____inthiscountryisenforcedbyterror.

A.turmoil

B.chaos

C.confusion

D.repression

PartIIICloze(5%)

Directions:Thereare10blanksinthefollowingpassage.Youshouldchaos

ONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthe

AnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Todaytheworld’seconomyisgoingthroughtwogreatchanges,bothbigger

thananAsianfinancialcrisishereoraEuropeanmonetaryunionthere.

Thefirstchangeisthatalotofindustrialproductionismovingfromthe

UnitedStates,WesternEuropeandJapantodevelopingcountriesinLatin

America,South-EastAsiaandEasternEurope.In1950,theUnitedStates

alone71formorethanhalfoftheworld’seconomyoutput.In1990,its

72wasdowntoaquarter.By1990,40%ofIBM’semployeeswerenon-

Americans;Whirlpool,America’sleading73ofdomesticappliances,cut

itsAmericanlaborforceby10%.Quitesoonnow,manybigwestern

companieswillhavemore74(andcustomers)inpoorcountriesthanin

richones.

Thesecondgreatchangeisthat,intherichcountriesoftheOECD,the

balanceofeconomicactivityisswingingfrommanufacturingto75.In

theUnitedStatesandBritain,the76ofworkersinmanufacturinghas

77since1900fromaround40%tobarelyhalfthat.EveninGermanyand

Japan,whichrebuiltsomany78after1945,manufacturing’sshareofjobs

isnowbelow30%.Theeffectoftheshiftisincreasedifmanufacturing

movesfromrichcountriestothedevelopingones,whosecheaplabor79

themasharpadvantageinmanyofthe80tasksrequiredbymass

production.

71．A.accounted

B.occupied

C.played

D.shared

72．A.output

B.development

C.share

D.economy

73．A.state

B.consumer

C.representative

D.supplier

74．A.products

B.market

C.employees

D.changes

75．A.producing

B.products

C.servicing

D.services

76．A.proportion

B.number

C.quantity

D.group

77．A.changed

B.gone

C.applied

D.shrunk

78．A.armies

B.weapons

C.factories

D.countries

79．A.give

B.isgiving

C.gives

D.gave

80．A.various

B.repetitive

C.creative

D.enormous

TestPaper2

PartIVTranslation(10%)

Directions:Inthispart,therearefivesentenceswhichyoushouldtranslatein

Chinese.ThesesentencesarealltakenfromtheReadingPassagesyouhave

justreadinPartI.Youshouldreferbacktothepassagessoastoidentify

theirmeaningsinthecontext.PutyourtranslationsontheAnswerSheet.

81．(PassageOne)

Hissuccessresultedinpartfromhisabilitytoselltheproductandinpart

fromhispolicyofexpandingduringperiodsofeconomicdecline,whenmost

ofhiscompetitorswerereducingtheirinvestments.

82．(PassageTwo)

Whenamanworksitisamatteroflifeanddeath,andasarule,thefirstyears

ofhlifearedecisive.Anymanoftwenty-fivewhoisnotwellonhiswayup

theladdercanbeconsideredahopelesscase.

83．(PassageThree)

CombiningthisresearchwithworkpreviouslydonebyProfessorPeter

McDonaldonforegoneearnings—whichwereestimatedfortheperiodat

$570,000—theastonishingtotalof$700,000isreached.

84．(PassageFive)

Ifyouareexpectedtoselltenticketstoadance,forexample,andsellfifteen,

youhaveprovedyourinterestandyourefforttomakeyourorganization

successful.

85．(PassageSix)

Asageneralrule,alargefamilyconstitutedasureguaranteethatonewould

besupportedemotionallyandfinanciallyinone’soldage.

PartVShortAnswerQuestions(10%)

Directions:Inthispartthereisashortpassagewithfivequestionsor

incompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthe

questionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords(not

exceeding10words).WriteyouranswerontheAnswerSheet.

ElizabethHazenandRachelBrownco-patentedoneofthemostwidely

acclaimedwonderdrugsofthepost-SecondWorldWaryears.Hazenand

Brown’sworkwasstimulatedbythewartimeneedtofindacureforthe

fungusinfectionsthatafflictedmanymilitarypersonnel.Scientistshadbeen

feverishlysearchingforanantibiotictoxicenoughtokillthefungibutsafe

enoughforhumanuse,since,unfortunately,thenew“wonderdrugs”suchas

penicillinandstreptomycinkilledtheverybacteriainthebodythatcontrolled

thefungi.Itwastodiscoverafungicidewithoutthatdoubleeffectthat

Brown,ofNewYorkState’sDepartmentofHealthLaboratoriesatAlbany,

andHazen,seniormicrobiologistattheDepartmentofHealthinNewYork,

begantheirlong-distancecollaboration.BaseduponHazen’sprevious

researchatColumbiaUniversity,whereshehadbuiltanimpressive

collectionoffunguscultures,bothwereconvincedthatanantifungal

organismalreadyexistedincertainsoils.

Theydividedthework.Hazenmethodicallyscreenedandculturedscoresof

soilsamples,whichshethensenttoherpartner,whopreparedextracts,

isolatedandpurifiedactiveagents,andshippedthembacktoNewYork,

whereHazencouldstudytheirbiologicalproperties.Ona1948vacation,

HazenfortuitouslycollectedaclumpofsoilfromtheedgeofW.B.Nourse’s

cowpastureinFauquierCounty,Virginia,that,whentested,revealedthe

presenceofthemicroorganisms.InfarmownerNourse’shonor,Hazen

nameditStreptomycesnoursei,andwithinayearthetwoscientistsknewthat

thepropertiesoftheirsubstancedistinguisheditfrompreviouslydescribed

antibiotics.Afterfurtherresearchtheyeventuallyreducedtheirsubstancetoa

fine,yellowpowder,whichtheyfirstnamed“fungicide.”Thenrenamed

“nystatin”(tohonortheNewYorkStatelaboratory)whentheylearnedthe

previousnamewasalreadyinuse.Oftheirmajordiscovery,Brownsaid

lightlythatitsimplyillustrated“howunpredictableconsequencescancome

fromrathermodestbeginnings.”

86．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

87．Whatisafungicide?

88．Howdoesnystatindifferfromotherdrugslikepenicillin?

89．WhatdidRachelBrownmeanbysaying“howunpredictable

consequencescancomefromrathermodestbeginnings”?

90．ThereasonfortheauthortomentionW.B.Nourseisthat_____.

PartVIWriting(10%)

Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteaco