2019年12月大学英语四级阅读200篇第49篇：动物中的睡眠

PAGEPAGE12019年12月大学英语四级阅读200篇汇总Sleepisveryancient.Intheelectroencephalographic(脑电图的)senseweshareitwithalltheprimates(灵长类动物)andalmostalltheothermammalsandbirds:itmayextendbackasfarasthereptiles(爬行动物).Thereissomeevidencethatthetwotypesofsleep,dreaminganddreamless,dependonthelifestyle.oftheanimal,andthatpredators(食肉动物)arestatisticallymuchmorelikelytodreamthanprey,whichareinturnmuchmorelikelytoexperiencedreamlesssleep.Indreamsleep,theanimalispowerfullyimmobilized(使固定不动)andremarkablyunresponsivetoexternalstimuli.Dreamlesssleepismuchshallower,andwehaveallwitnessedcatsordogscockingtheirearstoasoundwhenapparentlyfastasleep.Thefactthatdeepdreamsleepisrareamongpreytodayseemsclearlytobeaproductofnaturalselection,anditmakessensethattoday,whensleepishighlyevolved,thestupidanimalsarelessfrequentlyimmobilizedbydeepsleepthanthesmartones.ButwhyshouldtheysleepdeeplyatallWhyshouldastateofsuchdeepimmobilizationeverhaveevolvedPerhapsoneusefulhintabouttheoriginalfunctionofsleepistobefoundinthefactthatdolphinsandwhalesandaquaticmammalsingeneralseemtosleepverylittle.Thereis,byandlarge,noplacetohideintheocean.Coulditbethat,ratherthanincreasingananimal'svulnerability,RayMeddisofLondonUniversityhassuggestedthistobethecase.Itisconceivablethatanimalsthataretoostupidtobequiteontheirowninitiativeare,duringperiodsofhighrisk,immobilizedbytheimplacablearmofsleep.Thepointseemsparticularlyclearfortheyoungofpredatoryanimals.Thisisaninterestingnotionandprobablyatleastpartlytrue.练习题：Choosecorrectanswerstothequestion:1.WhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthispassageA.EvolutionofSleep.B.TwoTypesofSleep.C.TheOriginalFunctionofSleep.D.AnimalsandSleep.2.Predatorsare___________.A.abletopreyevenwhentheyareindeepdreamsleepB.morelikelytoexperiencedreamsleepC.incapableofpreyingwhenimmobilizedbydreamlesssleepD.goodatpreyingonstupidanimals3.Theexampleofdogsandcatsinthesecondparagraphisintendedto_.A.explainwhichanimalsaremammalsB.showthedifferencesbetweenmammalsC.illustratehowshallowdreamlesssleepisD.revealhowsmarttheyare4.Comparewithdreamlesssleep,deepdreamsleepis_______.A.nottheresultofnaturalselectionB.lesslikelytoappeartoprimatesC.moreprotectivetotheanimalsD.atahigherstageofevolution5.Accordingtosomescientists’researchfindings,dolphinsseldomsleepbecause__.A.oftheirstupidityB.oftheirvulnerabilityC.therearepossibledangersintheoceanD.aquaticmammalsdonotneedsleep1.[A]本文三段虽然讨论的内容各有侧重，但是都谈到了睡眠在各种动物中的差异以及发展的历史，具体用词如下:第1段第1句中的ancient,最后一句中的extendback;第2段最后一句中的evolved;第3段第1句中的originalfunction。A比较准确地归纳了本文大意。B只是概括了第2段的内容;C只提及第3段的论述内容;D似乎涵盖了三段内容,但是过于宽泛,不够具体。2.[B]根据第2段第1句第4个分句可知应选B。A的内容与该段第2句相悖;C中dreamlesssleep应为dreamsleep。D的内容文中没有涉及。3.[C]这个例子是为了证明无梦睡眠比较浅，即第2第3句的前半句，所以选C比较合适。所有例子都是为之前或之后的话提供例证，因此,作者使用例子的目的可以从该例子之前或之后的一句话找到。本题中，猫和狗的例子是为了说明其前面的一句话,其他选项与此无关,均可排除。4.[D]根据第2段倒数第3句及末句，可以推断与无梦睡眠相比，深睡不动处于更髙的进化阶段。文中虽有提及无梦睡眠对于被捕食动物来说是一种自然选择，但并不意味着深睡不动不是自然选择，因此A不正确;该句也提到“笨拙的动物与敏捷的动物相比，更少有深睡不动的时候”，primat