2024届高考英语阅读理解五步法专项带练(31)讲义

（素材广东省华附、省实、广雅、深中2024届高三四校联考英语试题）①WildturkeysareafamiliarsightthroughoutNewHampshire,whereflockswanderalongroadsidesandthroughbackyards.②In1975,TedWalski,thebiologistforNewHampshireFishandGame,released25turkeysfromthebackofhistruckinWalpole,atowninthewesternpartofthestate.ItwaspartofareintroductionefforttobringbackaspeciesthathadbeenwipedoutinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar,whereitusedtosufferheavyblows-forestsvanishedforunknownreasonsandpeoplegottheirownwaytohunt.③"Originally,Ineverthoughtitwouldgetbeyondafewthousandturkeys,"saysWalski,whospentnearly50yearsworkingwiththebirdsbeforeretiringin2019.④Instead,NewHampshire'sturkeypopulationhasexplodedbeyondallexpectations,nowaround45,000animals---thehighestsincethereintroduction,andprobablythemostthestatecanapproach.Reintroductioneffortsinneighboringstatesandaroundthecountryhavecreatedasimilarstory---thereare70,000wildturkeysinMaine,upto50,000inVermont,andmorethan30,000inMassachusetts-allofwhichtotaluptoaboutsixmillionanimalsreproducinginallstatesbutAlaska.⑤SowhatmadethewildturkeyoneofthemostsuccessfulwildlifereintroductionprogramsinAmericanhistory?Mostlikely,it'sduetothebird'ssurprisingandunexpectedabilitytoliveamonghumans.Inthesuburbs,turkeyscantakeadvantageofedgehabitat,likewoodsandopenspaces,anddineonanever-endingbuffetoffoodprovidedbypeople-particularlybirdseed.Besides,itdoesn'thurtthatnativepredators,suchaswolvesandcougars,havelargelydisappearedfrommostpartsoftheturkey'srange.⑥ButeveryoneisnotthankfulfortheNewEnglandturkeyboom.Theinfamouslyboldbirdsaretroublesome,disturbingtrafficandpeckingatfrontdoors,aswellaspotentiallydangerous.In2019,a35-year-oldpregnantwomanwasattackedbyturkeysonthestreetsofCambridge,Massachusetts-twice.Asconflictsbetweenthese20-poundbirdsandpeopleareontherise,particularlyduringthespringbreedingseason,wildlifeofficialsaretryingtocopewiththerealitythattheturkeyisheretostay.32.WhathadmadeturkeysextinctinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar?A.Disappearingforestsandunrestrictedhunting.B.TedWalski'sreintroductionpolicyanditseffects.C.Turkeys'inabilitytoreproduceandcoexistwithhumans.D.Nativepredators'occupationofmostpartsofturkeys'range.33.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutwildturkeys?A.TheirexplosivepopulationiscompletelyoutofthecontrolofNewHampshire.B.ThenumberofwildturkeysamountstoaroundsixmillioninAlaska.C.Theirabilitiestoreproducefallshortofpeople'sexpectations.D.Theyfeedonadequatefoodfromhumanbeings.34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Itisurgenttoprotectwildturkeysfrombeingattacked.B.Turkeysareposingapotentialthreattonaturalenvironment.C.Nobodyappreciatestheincreaseinturkeysduetotheirevildeeds.D.Measureswillbetakentotackleconflictsbetweenturkeysandhumans.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.NewEnglandwitnessesaturkeyboombutnotallappreciateit.B.Thewildlifereintroductionprogramofwildturkeysisquitesuccessful.C.Wildturkeys'sharpincreasedoesharmtohumanbeingsandenvironment.D.Thereisacontradictoryrelationshipbetweenwildturkeysandhumanbeings.【五步法解析】串联题干WhathadmadeturkeysextinctinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar?Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutwildturkeys?Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?主题词归纳：wildturkeys,newEngland,civilwar主旨题先做：35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?NewEnglandwitnessesaturkeyboombutnotallappreciateit.（主题词中了两个，当选）新英格兰见证了火鸡的繁荣，但并不是所有人都喜欢它Thewildlifereintroductionprogramofwildturkeysisquitesuccessful.(文章细节，以偏概全）野生动物放归野生火鸡的计划非常成功。Wildturkeys'sharpincreasedoesharmtohumanbeingsandenvironment.（文章是说英国人对火鸡增长潮的看法，并未涉及环境危害）.野生火鸡的急剧增加对人类和环境造成了危害。D.Thereisacontradictoryrelationshipbetweenwildturkeysandhumanbeings.（过度推断，是人类对火鸡的看法，而不是关系）野生火鸡和人类之间有一种矛盾的关系。【障碍词解析】Reintroductionn.再介绍，再引入;将…放归自然栖息地【记忆】re-,再,重新,introduce,引进。ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.（2017年高考英语全国卷3阅读理解阅读C选项）将狼放归黄石公园。主旨题一般情况下解题有三个方式：①主题词关联②最后一段首句③每段首句第二种解题技法：回文定位:⑥ButeveryoneisnotthankfulfortheNewEnglandturkeyboom.(并不是每个人都感谢新英格兰的火鸡增长潮。）Theinfamouslyboldbirdsaretroublesome,disturbingtrafficandpeckingatfrontdoors,aswellaspotentiallydangerous.In2019,a35-year-oldpregnantwomanwasattackedbyturkeysonthestreetsofCambridge,Massachusetts-twice.Asconflictsbetweenthese20-poundbirdsandpeopleareontherise,particularlyduringthespringbreedingseason,wildlifeofficialsaretryingtocopewiththerealitythattheturkeyisheretostay.顺带把34题给解决了34.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?Itisurgenttoprotectwildturkeysfrombeingattacked.（没涉及保护动物）保护野生火鸡免受攻击迫在眉睫。Turkeysareposingapotentialthreattonaturalenvironment.（没涉及环境保护）火鸡对自然环境构成了潜在的威胁。Nobodyappreciatestheincreaseinturkeysduetotheirevildeeds.（过度推断，只是看法）没有人会感激火鸡因为它们的恶行而增加的数量。D.Measureswillbetakentotackleconflictsbetweenturkeysandhumans.（与原文主旨符合，当选）将采取措施解决火鸡和人类之间的冲突。段落推断题解法有两个：①主题词关联②回文定位第一种解题技法：Turkeyandhuman=turkeyandNewEngland.第二种解题技法：⑥ButeveryoneisnotthankfulfortheNewEnglandturkeyboom.Theinfamouslyboldbirdsaretroublesome,disturbingtrafficandpeckingatfrontdoors,aswellaspotentiallydangerous.In2019,a35-year-oldpregnantwomanwasattackedbyturkeysonthestreetsofCambridge,Massachusetts-twice.Asconflictsbetweenthese20-poundbirdsandpeopleareontherise,particularlyduringthespringbreedingseason,wildlifeofficialsaretryingtocopewiththerealitythattheturkeyisheretostay.野生动物官员正试图应对这只火鸡将留在这里的现实。（that引导同位语从句修饰reality)Copewith=tackle33.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutwildturkeys?TheirexplosivepopulationiscompletelyoutofthecontrolofNewHampshire.（是火鸡的数量增长，而不是人口数量增长）他们爆炸性的人口增长完全超出了新罕布什尔州的控制范围ThenumberofwildturkeysamountstoaroundsixmillioninAlaska.（定位到第四段，说的是除阿拉斯加之外，并未提及该州火鸡数量）阿拉斯加野生火鸡的数量约为600万只。④Instead,NewHampshire'sturkeypopulationhasexplodedbeyondallexpectations,nowaround45,000animals---thehighestsincethereintroduction,（C选项线索句）andprobablythemostthestatecanapproach.Reintroductioneffortsinneighboringstatesandaroundthecountryhavecreatedasimilarstory---thereare70,000wildturkeysinMaine,upto50,000inVermont,andmorethan30,000inMassachusetts-allofwhichtotaluptoaboutsixmillionanimalsreproducinginallstatesbutAlaska.马萨诸塞州有3万多只——所有这些动物加起来大约有600万只，在除阿拉斯加以外的所有州繁殖。（B选项线索句）Theirabilitiestoreproducefallshortofpeople'sexpectations.（也是定位到第四段，首句，说的是数量超出人们预期）它们的繁殖能力达不到人们的期望。D.Theyfeedonadequatefoodfromhumanbeings.它们以人类的食物为食。（定位到第五段，中间部分说的是火鸡经常吃人们提供的喂鸟食物）⑤SowhatmadethewildturkeyoneofthemostsuccessfulwildlifereintroductionprogramsinAmericanhistory?Mostlikely,it'sduetothebird'ssurprisingandunexpectedabilitytoliveamonghumans.Inthesuburbs,turkeyscantakeadvantageofedgehabitat,likewoodsandopenspaces,anddineonanever-endingbuffetoffoodprovidedbypeople-particularlybirdseed.享用人们提供的无穷无尽的自助餐，尤其是鸟食。Besides,itdoesn'thurtthatnativepredators,suchaswolvesandcougars,havelargelydisappearedfrommostpartsoftheturkey'srange.这是一道经典的是非排除题，考察的是同学们对于文章细节了解这种题目有两种解法：①主题词对应，humanbeing=NewEngland②逐个选项回文定位，提醒一下，如果选用此法，一定要留在最后解决，因为这是最耗费时间的。32.WhathadmadeturkeysextinctinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar?A.Disappearingforestsandunrestrictedhunting.B.TedWalski'sreintroductionpolicyanditseffects.C.Turkeys'inabilitytoreproduceandcoexistwithhumans.D.Nativepredators'occupationofmostpartsofturkeys'range.②In1975,TedWalski,thebiologistforNewHampshireFishandGame,released25turkeysfromthebackofhistruckinWalpole,atowninthewesternpartofthestate.ItwaspartofareintroductionefforttobringbackaspeciesthathadbeenwipedoutinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar,whereitusedtosufferheavyblows-forestsvanishedforunknownreasonsandpeoplegottheirownwaytohunt.同义替换：gottheirownway=unrestricted;vanish=disappear【逐句翻译】①WildturkeysareafamiliarsightthroughoutNewHampshire,whereflockswanderalongroadsidesandthroughbackyards.句子结构分析：where引导定语从句修饰newHampshire句意：野生火鸡在新罕布什尔州随处可见，成群的火鸡在路边和后院徘徊。②In1975,TedWalski,thebiologistforNewHampshireFishandGame,released25turkeysfromthebackofhistruckinWalpole,atowninthewesternpartofthestate.句子结构分析：thebiologistfor....做同位语修饰tedwalski;atowninthewesternpart....做同位语修饰Walpole句意：1975年，新罕布什尔州渔猎局的生物学家泰德·瓦尔斯基(TedWalski)在该州西部小镇沃波尔(Walpole)从他的卡车后面放了25只火鸡。ItwaspartofareintroductionefforttobringbackaspeciesthathadbeenwipedoutinNewEnglandbeforetheCivilWar,whereitusedtosufferheavyblows-forestsvanishedforunknownreasonsandpeoplegottheirownwaytohunt.句子结构分析：that引导定语从句修饰aspecies;where引导定语从句修饰civilwar;破折号后接同位语补充修饰heavyblows句意：这是重新引进一种物种的努力的一部分，这种物种在内战前在新英格兰灭绝，在那里它曾经遭受沉重的打击——森林因不明原因消失，人们有自己的狩猎方式。【固定搭配解析】bringback带回（某人或某物）;还回（某物）;回忆[回顾，回想起]（往事）;使（某人）恢复（某状态）Thewoodhadbeenrecentlypolishedtobringbacktheshine.木头最近经过抛光又恢复了光泽。wipeout彻底摧毁，消灭Themanisafanaticwhoisdeterminedtowipeoutanyoppositiontothewayheconductshimself.这人是个狂热分子，决意扫除任何反对其行事作风的声音。③"Originally,Ineverthoughtitwouldgetbeyondafewthousandturkeys,"saysWalski,whospentnearly50yearsworkingwiththebirdsbeforeretiringin2019.句子结构分析：who引导定语从句修饰walski句意：“最初，我从未想过会超过几千只火鸡，”沃尔斯基说，他在2019年退休之前与火鸡一起工作了近50年。④Instead,NewHampshire'sturkeypopulationhasexplodedbeyondallexpectations,nowaround45,000animals---thehighestsincethereintroduction,andprobablythemostthestatecanapproach.句子结构分析：newaround....做同位语解释NewHampshire;破折号后引导同位语修饰45000animals相反，新罕布什尔州的火鸡数量激增，超出了所有人的预期，现在大约有45000只——这是自重新引入以来的最高水平，也可能是该州能达到的最高水平。Reintroductioneffortsinneighboringstatesandaroundthecountryhavecreatedasimilarstory---thereare70,000wildturkeysinMaine,upto50,000inVermont,andmorethan30,000inMassachusetts-allofwhichtotaluptoaboutsixmillionanimalsreproducinginallstatesbutAlaska.句子结构分析：thereare...作为同位语的解释similarstory，allofwhich引导定语从句修饰there句意：邻近各州和全国各地的放归努力也创造了类似的故事——缅因州有7万只野生火鸡，佛蒙特州有5万只，马萨诸塞州有3万多只——所有这些总计约有600万只野生火鸡在阿拉斯加以外的所有州繁殖。⑤SowhatmadethewildturkeyoneofthemostsuccessfulwildlifereintroductionprogramsinAmericanhistory?那么，是什么使野生火鸡成为美国历史上最成功的野生动物重新引入计划之一呢?Mostlikely,it'sduetothebird'ssurprisingandunexpectedabilitytoliveamonghumans.最有可能的是，这是由于这种鸟令人惊讶和意想不到的与人类生活在一起的能力。【固定搭配分析】Dueto由于，因为Thecoastroadisclosedduetobadweather.由于天气恶劣，滨海公路暂时封闭。Inthesuburbs,turkeyscantakeadvantageofedgehabitat,likewoodsandopenspaces,anddineonanever-endingbuffetoffoodprovidedbypeople-particularlybirdseed.在郊区，火鸡可以利用边缘栖息地，如树林和开阔的空间，并以人类提供的永无止境的食物自助餐为食，尤其是鸟食。【固定搭配分析】Takeadvantageof....利用；欺骗；占…的便宜Takeadvantageoflow-seasonairfares.利用淡季飞机票价。Besides,itdoesn'thurtthatnativepredators,suchaswolvesandcougars,havelargelydisappearedfrommostpartsoftheturkey'srange.句子结构分析：suchas引导同位语补充修饰nativepredators句意：此外，当地的食肉动物，如狼和美洲狮，已经从火鸡的大部分活动范围内消失了，这并没有什么坏处。⑥ButeveryoneisnotthankfulfortheNewEngla