大学英语六级考试模拟试卷四十六（带答案）

大学英语六级考试模拟试卷四十六

(总分：32.00,做题时间：130分钟)

一、问答题(总题数：2,分数：2.00)

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay

commentingontheremarkuAdversityLeadstoProsperity”.Youcanciteexamplesto

illustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotoovercomeadversity.You

shouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.

无(分数：1.00)

正确答案：((l)Justas'apopularsayinggoes,adversityleadstoprosperity.We

maymoreorless(2)tideovertoughtimesinourwholelife,onlyinthiswaycanlife

becolorful.

Infact,itisnaturalthateveryoneofusmayface(3)depressionandafflictionin

life,butwecanovercomeanyobstacleaslongaswearediligent,determinedand

optimistic.(4)Onthecontrary,ifwetryeverymeanstoescaperatherthanconfront

hardshipsinlife,we(5)aredoomedtobeabandonedbylife.Therefore,ifwetakeon

thechallengefromadversity,wewin;ifwefleefromit,welose.

Itistruethatwecan'tchooseadversity,butwecanchooseourattitudetowards

it.(6)JusttakeHelenKellerforanexample.Havinglostherhearingandvision,Helen

Kellergrewintoahighlyintelligentandsuccessfulwomanwhowrote,spoke,and

laboredforthe(7)bettermentofothers.ThestoryofHelenKellerisapowerful

exampleof(8)triumphingoveradversity,andherspiritisworthappreciating,

admiringandadvocating.)

解析：⑴开篇点题，是此类作文的常用写法。

(2)tideovertoughtimes意为"渡过艰难时期

⑶depression"沮丧"，affliction"苦恼",obstacle"困难"，diligent"勤奋的”,

determined"坚毅的"，optimistic"乐观的”。

⑷从正反两方面论证观点。

(5)aredoomedtobeabandonedbylife意为"注定被生活抛弃”。

(6)举海伦•凯勒的例子论证观点。

⑺betterment意为"改善，改良”。

(8)triumphover意为"战胜"。

2.中国的龙是中国神话和民间故事里传说的生物。龙有许多动物的特征，例

如龟、鱼等。但是，大多情况下龙被描绘成长着四只脚的蛇形动物。传统意义上

龙象征强大的、幸运的力量，特别是能够控制水、雨、飓风和洪水。龙还能带给

人权力，力气和好运。因此，中国的皇帝常常用龙来象征他们的皇权和力量。在

中国人的日常语言中，优秀的、超群的人常常被比作龙，而无能的人则被比作虫。

许多中国的格言和谚语也都提到龙。

无(分数：1.00)

正确答案：(Chinesedragonsare(l)legendarycreaturesinChinese(2)mythsand

(3)folkstories.Thedragonshavemanyanimal-likeformssuchasturtles,fish,etc.But

theyaremostcommonly(4)depictedassnake-likewithfourlegs.Chinesedragons

traditionallysymbolize(5)mightinessandluckiness,particularlythepowerof

controllingwater,rainfall,hurricaneandfloods.Thedragonbringspeoplepower,

strength,andgoodluck.(6)Withthis,theEmperorsofChinausuallyusedthedragon

asasymboloftheirimperialpowerandstrength.InChinesedailylanguage,excellent

andoutstandingpeople(7)arecomparedtoadragon,whileincapablepeopleare

comparedtoawormAnumberofChineseproverbsandidiomsalsohave

(8)referencestoadragon.)

解析：⑴“传说中的"可译为legendary,是legend的形容词形式。

⑵“神话”可译为myths。

⑶“民间故事”可译为folkstories。

⑷“描绘”可译为depict。

⑸“强大的、幸运的力量”可转换为名词，翻译为mightinessandluckiness.

⑹此处根据上下文，“因此”可译为withthis,表示结果。

⑺“被比作...”可译为becomparedto…。

(8)“提到,提及“可译为referenceto。

二、单选题(总题数：30,分数：30.00)

3.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses*HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However;onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处1应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affectsV

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：本句缺少谓语成分，空白处应填动词。前面的主语depression为单数

形式，动词也应为单数形式，所有选项中只有affects"影响”符合句意。故本题

选D。

4.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处2应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturallyV

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：根据空后的动词go可知，此处应填副词。后面句子意为“早睡早起”，

空白处的副词要修饰“早睡早起”，只有naturally符合句意，连起来可译为“自

然地早睡早起”。故本题选F。

5.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses*HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However;onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处3应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.lessJ

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：根据本句前后的意思“早睡早起”“这种情况随着年龄增长”可知，

这种情况一般会belikelyto“倾向于”变多或变少这两种选择，而这种情况是指

抑郁症。“早睡早起”是个好习惯，可以缓解抑郁症，所以由前后文可知，抑郁

症情况会减少，less符合题意。故本题选K。

6.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处4应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.describedJ

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：本句and引导并列成分，由and前的had可知，空白处应为v+ed的

形式，所以可从revealed和de-scribed中考虑。described意为"描述，形容”，

revealed意为“透露；显示”，由本句句意“为早睡早起型、晚睡晚起

型和介于二者之间的类型”可看出，described比较符合。故本题选I。

7.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwelLThosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处5应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealedJ

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析:由results可知,空白处应填动词。that引导的同位语从句指代results

的具体内容，所以应为“透露，显示”结果.revealed符合题意。故本题选A。

8.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处6应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statisticallyV

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：由increased可知，空白处应填副词。本句最开始的inaddition承接

上一段，继续围绕研究的数据和比率进行描述，naturally的含义与本句不符。

statistically意为“统计地,统计学上地”,符合句意。故本题选B。

9.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处7应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individuals

D.affects

E.environmentV

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：句子the____andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.译为“________和基

因在这个研究结果市赢的作用”，and引导并列成分，其中一个为基因因素,

纵观全文，只有environment“环境”可以成为因素。故本题选E。

lO.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwelLThosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop

moreeffectivepreventionplans.

空白处8应填

无（分数：1.00）

A.revealed

B.statistically

C.individualsJ

D.affects

E.environment

F.naturally

G.shortage

H.normal

I.described

J.scholars

K.less

L.explain

M.current

N.landing

O.pin

解析：文中who引导定语从句，主语是人。individuals意为“个人，个体”，

scholars意为“学者；学生”。这里并没有特指与学者、学生有关的信息，因此

individuals符合句意。故本题选C。

11.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million

U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat

olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay

be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.

Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the

teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad

takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,

and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand

risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to

2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad

modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.

Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad

a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests

thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder

agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere

unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.

Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated

withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat

peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression

than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling

asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.

Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For

example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty

sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis

relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites

thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which

could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof

howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsde