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大学英语六级考试模拟试卷四十六
(总分:32.00,做题时间:130分钟)
一、问答题(总题数:2,分数:2.00)
1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay
commentingontheremarkuAdversityLeadstoProsperity”.Youcanciteexamplesto
illustrateyourpointandthenexplainwhatyouwilldotoovercomeadversity.You
shouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.
无(分数:1.00)
正确答案:((l)Justas'apopularsayinggoes,adversityleadstoprosperity.We
maymoreorless(2)tideovertoughtimesinourwholelife,onlyinthiswaycanlife
becolorful.
Infact,itisnaturalthateveryoneofusmayface(3)depressionandafflictionin
life,butwecanovercomeanyobstacleaslongaswearediligent,determinedand
optimistic.(4)Onthecontrary,ifwetryeverymeanstoescaperatherthanconfront
hardshipsinlife,we(5)aredoomedtobeabandonedbylife.Therefore,ifwetakeon
thechallengefromadversity,wewin;ifwefleefromit,welose.
Itistruethatwecan'tchooseadversity,butwecanchooseourattitudetowards
it.(6)JusttakeHelenKellerforanexample.Havinglostherhearingandvision,Helen
Kellergrewintoahighlyintelligentandsuccessfulwomanwhowrote,spoke,and
laboredforthe(7)bettermentofothers.ThestoryofHelenKellerisapowerful
exampleof(8)triumphingoveradversity,andherspiritisworthappreciating,
admiringandadvocating.)
解析:⑴开篇点题,是此类作文的常用写法。
(2)tideovertoughtimes意为"渡过艰难时期
⑶depression"沮丧",affliction"苦恼",obstacle"困难",diligent"勤奋的”,
determined"坚毅的",optimistic"乐观的”。
⑷从正反两方面论证观点。
(5)aredoomedtobeabandonedbylife意为"注定被生活抛弃”。
(6)举海伦•凯勒的例子论证观点。
⑺betterment意为"改善,改良”。
(8)triumphover意为"战胜"。
2.中国的龙是中国神话和民间故事里传说的生物。龙有许多动物的特征,例
如龟、鱼等。但是,大多情况下龙被描绘成长着四只脚的蛇形动物。传统意义上
龙象征强大的、幸运的力量,特别是能够控制水、雨、飓风和洪水。龙还能带给
人权力,力气和好运。因此,中国的皇帝常常用龙来象征他们的皇权和力量。在
中国人的日常语言中,优秀的、超群的人常常被比作龙,而无能的人则被比作虫。
许多中国的格言和谚语也都提到龙。
无(分数:1.00)
正确答案:(Chinesedragonsare(l)legendarycreaturesinChinese(2)mythsand
(3)folkstories.Thedragonshavemanyanimal-likeformssuchasturtles,fish,etc.But
theyaremostcommonly(4)depictedassnake-likewithfourlegs.Chinesedragons
traditionallysymbolize(5)mightinessandluckiness,particularlythepowerof
controllingwater,rainfall,hurricaneandfloods.Thedragonbringspeoplepower,
strength,andgoodluck.(6)Withthis,theEmperorsofChinausuallyusedthedragon
asasymboloftheirimperialpowerandstrength.InChinesedailylanguage,excellent
andoutstandingpeople(7)arecomparedtoadragon,whileincapablepeopleare
comparedtoawormAnumberofChineseproverbsandidiomsalsohave
(8)referencestoadragon.)
解析:⑴“传说中的"可译为legendary,是legend的形容词形式。
⑵“神话”可译为myths。
⑶“民间故事”可译为folkstories。
⑷“描绘”可译为depict。
⑸“强大的、幸运的力量”可转换为名词,翻译为mightinessandluckiness.
⑹此处根据上下文,“因此”可译为withthis,表示结果。
⑺“被比作...”可译为becomparedto…。
(8)“提到,提及“可译为referenceto。
二、单选题(总题数:30,分数:30.00)
3.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses*HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However;onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处1应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affectsV
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:本句缺少谓语成分,空白处应填动词。前面的主语depression为单数
形式,动词也应为单数形式,所有选项中只有affects"影响”符合句意。故本题
选D。
4.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处2应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturallyV
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:根据空后的动词go可知,此处应填副词。后面句子意为“早睡早起”,
空白处的副词要修饰“早睡早起”,只有naturally符合句意,连起来可译为“自
然地早睡早起”。故本题选F。
5.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses*HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However;onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处3应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.lessJ
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:根据本句前后的意思“早睡早起”“这种情况随着年龄增长”可知,
这种情况一般会belikelyto“倾向于”变多或变少这两种选择,而这种情况是指
抑郁症。“早睡早起”是个好习惯,可以缓解抑郁症,所以由前后文可知,抑郁
症情况会减少,less符合题意。故本题选K。
6.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处4应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.describedJ
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:本句and引导并列成分,由and前的had可知,空白处应为v+ed的
形式,所以可从revealed和de-scribed中考虑。described意为"描述,形容”,
revealed意为“透露;显示”,由本句句意“为早睡早起型、晚睡晚起
型和介于二者之间的类型”可看出,described比较符合。故本题选I。
7.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwelLThosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处5应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealedJ
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:由results可知,空白处应填动词。that引导的同位语从句指代results
的具体内容,所以应为“透露,显示”结果.revealed符合题意。故本题选A。
8.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处6应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statisticallyV
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:由increased可知,空白处应填副词。本句最开始的inaddition承接
上一段,继续围绕研究的数据和比率进行描述,naturally的含义与本句不符。
statistically意为“统计地,统计学上地”,符合句意。故本题选B。
9.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处7应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individuals
D.affects
E.environmentV
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:句子the____andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.译为“________和基
因在这个研究结果市赢的作用”,and引导并列成分,其中一个为基因因素,
纵观全文,只有environment“环境”可以成为因素。故本题选E。
lO.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwelLThosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However;exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsdevelop
moreeffectivepreventionplans.
空白处8应填
无(分数:1.00)
A.revealed
B.statistically
C.individualsJ
D.affects
E.environment
F.naturally
G.shortage
H.normal
I.described
J.scholars
K.less
L.explain
M.current
N.landing
O.pin
解析:文中who引导定语从句,主语是人。individuals意为“个人,个体”,
scholars意为“学者;学生”。这里并没有特指与学者、学生有关的信息,因此
individuals符合句意。故本题选C。
11.Questions1to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Depressionisaseriousconditionthat1___around16million
U.S.adults.Theconditionismorecommoninwomen,butnewresearchsuggeststhat
olderwomenwho2gotobedearlyandwakeupearlymay
be3likelytodeveloptheconditionastheyage.
Forthestudy,publishedonlinenowinTheJournalofPsychiatricResearch,the
teamlookedatherateofdepressionandsleeppatternsof32,470femaleswhohad
takenpartintheNurses'HealthStudyII.Thewomenhadanaverageageof55,
and4themselvesaseitherearly,intermediateorlatesleepersand
risers.Theyalsoupdatedtheirdepressionstatususingaquestionnairefrom2011to
2013.Results5thatwomenwhowenttobedearlyandroseearlyhad
modestlylowerriskofdepression,comparedtotheotherwomen.
Inaddition,thosewhowenttobedlateandwokeuplatehad
a6increasedriskofdepression.Accordingtotheresearchers,thissuggests
thatnaturalsleepingpatternmayinfluencetheriskofdepressioninmiddletoolder
agedwomen.However,onemajorcaveatofthestudyisthattheresearcherswere
unabletoaccountfortherolethatthe7andgeneticsplayedintheseresults.
Latebedtimesandrisingsarenottheonlysleeppatternsthathavebeenassociated
withincreasedriskofdepression.TheNationalSleepFoundationreportedthat
peoplewithinsomniaare10timesmorelikelytodevelopdepression
than8whosleepwell.Thosewhosedepressionincludestroublefalling
asleepandtroublestayingasleepareatthegreatestriskfordevelopingdepression.
Thelinkbetweensleepanddepressionhasbeenlongnotedbyscientists.For
example,TheNationalSleepFoundationwrotethatlackofsleepanddifficulty
sleepingisacommonsideeffectofdepression.However,exactlywherethis
relationshiptiesisdifficultto9down.Forexample,theFoundationwrites
thatbothsleepproblemsanddepressionmaysharesimilarriskfactors,which
could10whytheyareoftenseenhand-in-hand.Betterunderstandingof
howsleeppatternsmayhaveaneffectondepressionriskcouldhelpdoctorsde
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