高考英语阅读-科技类

科技类

（1）

Withonlyabout1,000pandasleftintheworld,Chinaisdesperatelytryingtoclone（克隆）theanimalandsavetheendangeredspecies（物种）.That'samove

similartowhataTexasA&MUniversityresearchershavebeenundertakingforthepastfiveyearsinaprojectcalled"Noah'sArk”.

Noah'sArkisaimedatcollectingeggs,embryos（胚胎）,semenandDNAofendangeredanimalsandstoringtheminliquidnitrogen.Ifcertainspeciesshould

becomeextinct,Dr.DuaneKraemer,aprofessorinTexasA&M'sCollegeofVeterinaryMedicine,saystherewouldbeenoughofthebasicbuildingblocksto

reintroducethespeciesinthefuture.

Itisestimatedthatasmanyas2,000speciesofmammals,birdsreptileswillbecomeextinctinover100years.Thepanda,nativeonlytoChina,isindangerof

becomingextinctinthenext25years.

Thisweek,ChinesescientistssaidtheygrewanembryobyintroducingcellsfromadeadfemalepandaintotheeggcellsofaJapanesewhiterabbit.Theyare

nowtryingtoimplanttheembryointoahostanimal.

Theentireprocedurecouldtakefromthreetofiveyearstocomplete.

“Thenucleartransfer（核子移植）ofonespeciestoanotherisnoteasy,andthelackofavailable（capableofbeingused）pandaeggscouldbeamajorproblem,”

Kiaemerbelieves.t€Theywillprobablyhavetodoseveralhundredtransferstoresultinonepregnancy（havingababy）.Ittakesalongtimeandit'sdifficult,butthis

couldbegroundbreakingscienceifitworks.Theyarecertainlynotputtinganylivepandasatrisk,soitisworththeeffort,“addsKraemer,whoisoneoftheleaders

oftheProjectatTexasA&M,thefirst-everattemptatcloningadog.

“Theyaretryingtodosomethingthat'sneverbeendone,andthisisverysimilartoourworkinNoah'sArk.We'rebothtryingtosaveanimalsthatface

extinction.Icertainlyappreciatetheireffortandthere'salotwecanlearnfromwhattheyareattemptingtodo.It'saresearchthatisverymuchneeded.^^

1.Theaimof"Noah'sArkvprojectisto.

A.makeeffortstoclonetheendangeredpandas

B.saveendangeredanimalsfromdyingout

C.collectDNAofendangeredanimalstostudy

D.transferthenuclearofoneanimaltoanother

2.AccordingtoProfessorKraemer,themajorproblemincloningpandaswouldbethelackof.

A.availablepandaeggsB.hostanimals

C.qualifiedresearchersD.enoughmoney

3.Thebesttitleforthepassagemaybe.

A.China'sSuccessinPandasCloning

B.TheFirstClonedPandaintheWorld

C.ExploringthePossibilitytoClonePandas

D.China—theNativePlaceofPandasForever

4.Fromthepassageweknowthat.

A.Kraemerandhisteamhavesucceededincloningadog

B.scientiststrytoimplantapanda'seggintoarabbit

C.KraemerwillworkwithChinesescientistsincloneresearches

D.abouttwothousandofspecieswillprobablydieoutinacentury

（2）

Wantaglanceofthefutureofhealthcare?Takealookatthewaythevariousnetworksofpeopleaboutpatientcarearebeingconnectedtooneanother,andhow

thisnewconnectivityisbeingexploitedtodelivermedicinetothepatient——nomatterwhereheorshemaybe.

Onlinedoctorsofferingadvicebasedonnormalsymptoms（症状）arethemostobviousexample.Increasingly,however,remotediagnosis（远程诊断）willbe

basedonrealphysiologicaldata（生理数据）fromtheactualpatient.AgroupfromtheUniversityofKentuckyhasshownthatbyusingpersonaldataassistanceplusa

mobilephone,itisperfectlypracticaltosendapatient'simportantsignsoverthetelephone.Withthiskindofequipment,thecryaskingwhethertherewasadoctorin

thehousecouldwellbeathingofthepast.

Othermedicaltechnologygroupsareworkingonapplyingtelemedicinetorural（countiyside）care.Andatleastoneteamwantstousetelemedicineasatoolfor

disasterneed-especiallyafterearthquakes.Onthewhole,thetrendistowardsprovidingglobalaccesstomedicaldataandexperts'opinions.

Butthereisoneproblem.Bandwidth（宽带）isthelimitingfactorforsendingcomplex（复杂的）medicalpicturesaroundtheworld—CTphotosbeingoneofthe

biggestbandwidthusers.Communicationsatellitesmaybeabletodealwiththeshort-termneedsduringdisasterssuchasearthquakesorwars.Butmedicineis

lookingtowardsboththesecond-generationInternetandthird-generationmobilephonesforthefutureofremotemedicalservice.

Doctorshavemettodiscusscomputer-basedtoolsformedicaldiagnosis,trainingandtelemedicine.Withthefallingpriceofbroadbandcommunications,the

newtechnologiesshouldstartanewtimewhentelemedicineandthesharingofmedicalinformation,experts?opinionsanddiagnosisarecommon.

1.Thewriterchieflytalksabout.

A.theuseoftelemedicineB.theon-lineddoctors

C.medicalcareandtreatmentD.communicationimprovement

2.Thebasisofremotediagnosiswillbe.

A.personaldataassistance

B.somewordsofapatient

C.realphysiologicalinfonnation

D.medicalpicturesfromtheInternet

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothetext?

A.Patientsdon'tneeddoctorsinhospitalsanymore.

B.Itisimpossibletosendapatient'ssignsoverthetelephone.

C.Manyteamsusetelemedicinedealingwithdisastersnow.

D.Broadbandcommunicationswillbecomecheaperinthefuture.

4.The“problem“inthefourthparagraphreferstothefactthat.

A.bandwidthisn'tbigenoughtosendcomplexmedicalpictures

B.thesecond-generationofInternethasnotbecomepopularyet

C.communicationsatellitescanonlydealwithshort-termneeds

D.thereisnotenoughequipmentforspreadingthemedicalcare

(3)

ScientistsareuncoveringthesecretsoftwoportcitieslostunderthewatersoftheMediterraneanSea,aresearchersaidyesterday.

HerakleionandMenouthiswererichandproudcitiesuntilsomethingreducedthemtorubble(碎石)andburiedtheminthemudbeneath30feetofseawater,

FrenchunderwaterexplorerFranckGoddiosaidattheAmericanGeophysicalUnionconference.

“Thisisamysterythatisongoing,“saidGoddio,afounderoftheEuropeanInstituteofMarineArcheology,aParis-basedunderwaterresearchorganization

backedbythewealthyHiltiFoundationofLiechtenstein（列支敦士登基金会）.

ThedestructionofthetwinportcitieshashauntedGoddioeversincehehappeneduponthesiteabout15milesfromAlexandriawhileexploringsunkenships

fromNapoleon'sfleet.

Goddioandhisgroupofexpertdivers,marinearcheologists（海洋考古学家）andothers,areusinghighpoweredvacuums,satellitenavigationsystemsand

sophisticatedsonar（声纳）toexcavate（挖掘）thesunkencitiesfromunderneathacarpetofsiltaboutonemeter（threefeet）high.

Wallsofshops,remainsofstreetsandgoldartifactshavebeenfoundandrecovered.

Someexpertsbelievethattheportcitiesweredestroyedbyaseriesofmassiveearthquakes,muchlikethequakesscientistsbelievefelledTroy（特洛伊城）,

Jerichoandotherancientcities.Theuniformdirectionofthecollapsedcolumnsandwallssuggestanearthquake,Goddiosaid,butnofaultlineshavebeenfound

nearby.

Otherresearchersbelieveamassivewave,causedbyeitheranoffshoreearthquakeoradistantunderwaterlandslide,couldexplainthecatastrophe.Stillothers

thinkrisingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecities.

“Theargument,asyoucansee,continues,Goddiosaid.

1.ThereasonwhythetwoportcitiesdisappearedunderthewatersofMeditenaneanSeaisthat.

A.thetwoportcitiesweredestroyedbyhugeearthquakes

B.thedisappearanceofthetwoportcitieswascausedbyunderwaterlandslide

C.risingseasandashiftintheNileRiveroutletdoomedthecities

D.thestorydidn'ttellusatall

2.Fromthestorywecandrawaconclusionthat.

A.thetwoportcitieswerefamousfortheirwealthandthemystery

B.thetwocitiesbelongedtoFrance

C.somemysteriouscreaturesfromotherplanetsdestroyedthetwocities

D.theAmericanGeophysicalUnionconferencewasonceheldinoneofthetwocities

3.Thisarticleisprobablyfrom.

A.ascientificmagazine

B.areporttothegovernment

C.aschooltextbook

D.ascientificreportinanewspaper

（4）

Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarterandmayhelppreventdementia（痴呆）inoldagebybathingthebraininprotectivehormones（荷尔蒙）,U.S.reseachers

reportedonThursday.

Testsonratsshowthatthosewhoraisetwoormorelittersofpupsdoconsiderablybetterintestsofmemoryandskillsthanratswhohavenobabies,andtheir

brainsshowchangesthatsuggesttheymaybeprotectedagainstdiseasessuchasAlzheimer's（早老痴呆症）.UniversityofRichmondpsychologyprofessorCraig

Kinsleybelieveshisfindingswilltranslateintohumans.

“Ourresearchshowsthatthehormonesofpregnancy（怀孕）areprotectingthebrain,includingestrogen（雌激素），whichweknowhasmanyneuroprotective（保

护神经的）effects,Kinsleysaid.

“It'sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals,headdedinatelephoneinterview.t4Theygothroughpregnancyandhormonal

changes.”

KinsleysaidhehopedpublichealthofficialsandresearcherswilllooktoseeifhavinghadchildrenprotectsawomanfromAlzheimer'sandotherformsof

age-relatedbraindecline.

“Whenpeoplethinkaboutpregnancy,theythinkaboutwhathappenstobabiesandthemotherfromtheneckdown,“saidKinsley,whopresentedhisfindingsto

theannualmeetingoftheSocietyofNeuroscienceinOrlando,Florida.

“Theydonotrealizethathormonesarewashingonthebrain.Ifyoulookatfemaleanimalswhohavenevergonethroughpregnancy,theyactdifferentlytoward

young.Butifshegoesthroughpregnancy,shewillsacrificeherlifeforherinfant-thatisagreatchangeinherbehaviorthatshowedingeneticalterations（改变）to

thebrain.”

1.Howdoscientistsknow"Motherhoodmaymakewomensmarter”？

A.Someresearchershavetoldthem.

B.Manywomensayso.

C.Theyknowitbyexperimentingonrats.

D.Theyknowitthroughtheirownexperience.

2.Whatdoesthephrase“littersofpups”meaninthesecondparagraph?

A.Babyrats.B.Animals.C.Oldrats.D.Grown-uprats.

3.Whatcanprotectthebrainofawomanaccordingtothepassage?

A.Estrogen.B.Thehormonesofpregnancy.

C.Moreexercise.D.Takingcareofchildren.

4."It'sratdatabuthumansaremammalsjustliketheseanimalsaremammals.,,Whatdoesthesentencesuggest?

A.Theexperimentsontheratshavenothingtodowithhumans.

B.Theexperimentsontheratsareveryimportantforanimals.

C.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonhumans.

D.Theexperimentsontheratsaremuchthesameonotheranimals.

5.Whichtitleisthebestforthispassage?

A.DoYouWanttoBeSmarter?

B.MotherhoodMakesWomenSmarter

C.MysteriousHormones

D.AnImportantStudy

（5）

Togetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwon'tneedabankcard,aPIN（个人识别编号）orevenhavetomoveafinger.Youwillsimplyhavetolookthecash

machinestraightintheeye,declaresNationalCashRegisters,amultinationalcompanythatmakesautomatedtellermachines,orATMs.NCRhasshownitsfirst

examplemachinethatisbelievedtobethefutureofbanking.InsteadofaskingyouforyourPINonascreen,theSuperTeller-Stellaforshort,asksyouorallythrough

aloudspeakertolookstraightaheadwhileaninfraredcameraturnstoyourhead,thenyoureye,andfinallytakesaninfraredphotographofyouriris（虹膜）.For

identification（识另ij）purposes,anirispictureisbetterthanafingeiprint,witharound256noticeablecharacteristicscomparedwith40forfingerprints.Thismeansthat

thechancesofsomeoneelsebeingrecognizedinyourplaceisabout1in1020.Onceyoifvebeenidentified,Stellagreetsyoubynameandsays:"Wouldyoulike

cashorastatement?”Aninfraredportallowsthemachinetosendabankstatementstraighttoyourpocketcomputer.

1.Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Anewmedicalinstniment

B.Anewtypeoftalkingmachine.

C.Anewtypeofcashmachine.

D.NationalCashRegister

2.Whatisthisnewmachinecalled?

A.StellaB.ATMC.PIND.NCR

3.Whenyouwanttogetcashoutinthe21stcentury,youwill.

A.needabankcardB.havetoputinyourPIN

C.moveyourfingerD.justlookdirectlyatthetellermachine

（6）

Weatherchangeswhenthetemperatureandtheamountofwaterintheatmospherechange.Wecanseeandfeelwatercomingfromtheatmospherewhenwe

haverain.Butthewatermustsomehowgetbacktotheatmosphere.Meteorologistscallthisthewatercycle.

Therearemanystagesinthewatercycle.Rainfallswhenwatervapourincloudscondenses（凝结）.Dropsofwaterformandfalltotheground.Thewatersoaks

intothegroundandfeedsstreamsandrivers.Alotofrainfallsintothesea.Theheatofthesunevaporatessomeofthewaterinthegroundandintherivers,lakes,

andthesea.Itchangestheliquidwaterintowatervapour.Thevapourrisesontotheair.Watervapourisnormallyinvisible.Onaverydamporhumidday,however,

youcansometimesseewatervapourrisingfromapuddle（水坑）orpondinamist（?等雾）abovethewater.Watervapouralsogetsintotheairfromlivingthings.Trees

andotherplantstakeinwaterthroughtheirrootsandgiveoffwatervapourfromtheirleaves.Peopleandlandanimalsdrink,waterandbreatheoutwatervapour.In

allthesewaysthewaterreturnstotheair.Thereitgatherstoformcloudsandcondensestoformrain.Therainfallstoearth,andthecyclestartsagain.Itcontinues

evenifsnoworhail（冰雹）fallinsteadbecausebotheventuallymelttoformwater.Theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonthetemperature.Theairismore

moist（潮湿）inthetropics（热带）thaninthecoldpolarregions.

1.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Watercycle.B.Watervapour.

C.Howrainforms.D.Water,vapour,rain.

2.Howmanywaysofthewaterreturningtotheairarediscussedinthetext?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

3.Whetherwatervapourcanbeseenornotdependson.

A.howmuchwaterisevaporatedB.howgoodyoureyesare

C.inwhichwaywaterisevaporatedD.climateorweather

4.Fromthepassagewegettoknow.

A.thereismorewatervapourintheairinthetropicsthanincoldpolarregions

B.thereismorewatervapourintheairincoldpolarregionthaninthetropics

C.itgetsmoreraininthetropicsthanincoldpolarregionsbecausethereislessvapour

D.theamountofwatervapourintheairdependsonhowoftenitrains

⑺

Technologyistheapplication（应用）ofknowledgetoproduction.Thankstomoderntechnology,wehavebeenabletoincreasegreatlytheefficiencyofourwork

force.Newmachinesandnewmethodshavehelpedcutdowntimeandexpensewhileincreasingoveralloutput.Thishasmeantmoreproductionandahigher

standardofliving.FormostofusinAmerica,moderntechnologyisthoughtofasthereasonwhywecanhavecarsandtelevisionsets.However,technologyhasalso

increasedtheamountoffoodavailabletous,bymeansofmodernfarmingmachineryandanimalbreedingtechniques,andhasextendedourlifespanvia（通过）

medicaltechnology.

Willmankindcontinuetolivelongerandhaveahigherqualityoflife?Inlargemeasuretheanswerdependsontechnologyandourabilitytouseitwidely.Ifwe

keepmakingprogressaswehaveoverthepastfiftyyears,theanswerisdefinitelyyes.Theadvancementoftechnologydependsuponresearchanddevelopment,and

thelateststatistics（统计）showthattheUnitedStatesiscontinuingtopumpbillionsofdollarsannually（每年）intosuchefforts.Sowhilewearerunningoutofsome

scarceresources（少的资源）wemaywellfindtechnologicalsubstitutes（代用品）formanyofthemthroughourresearchprograms.

Therefore,inthefinalanalysisthethreemajorfactorsofproduction（land,laborandcapital）areallinfluencedbytechnology.Whenweneednewskills,on

techniquesinmedicine,peoplewillstartdevelopingnewtechnologytomeetthoseneeds.Asequipmentprovestobesloworinefficient,newmachineswillbe

invented.Technologyrespondstoourneedsinhelpingusmaintainourstandardofliving.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.ThedefinitionoftechnologyB.Moderntechnology

C.TheapplicationoftechnologyD.Thedevelopmentoftechnology

2.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Moderntechnologyisthekeytotheimprovementofstandardofliving.

B.Thethreemajorfactorsofproduction（land,laborandcapital）areallinfluencedbytechnology.

C.Technologyistheresponsetoourneeds.

D.TheUnitedStatesismakinggreateffortstoadvanceitstechnology.

3.Accordingtothepassage,peoplecanlivealonglifewiththehelpof.

A.higherqualityoflifeB.medicaltechnology

C.modernfarmingmachineryD.technologicalsubstitute

（8）

Spacetravelisdefinitelybadforastronauts?bones,reducingtheirbonedensity（密度）afteronlyamonthofweightlessness,accordingtoFrenchresearch

publishedonFriday.

LaurenceVicoandhisfellowworkersatStEtienneUniversitycalledformoreresearchintotheeffectsofmicrogravity,aftertheirstudyof15astronautsfrom

theRussianMIRstationshowedbonelosscontinuedthroughoutspaceflights.

“Bonelosswasespeciallystrikinginfourastronauts,thescientistsreportedintheLancetMedicalJournal.

Theymeasuredthebonemineraldensity（BMD）ofbonesintheforearm（前臂）andlowerlegoftheastronautswhohadspentonetosixmonthsinspace.

TheBMDlosswassignificantinthetibia（胫骨）ofthelowerleg,aweight-bearingbone,butbarelychangedintheradius（棱骨）oftheforearm.t4Ourresults

indicatetheneedtoinvestigatenotonlydifferentbones,butalsodifferentareasofthesamebonesincenotallsitesoftheskeleton（骨架）aresimilarlyaffectedby

spaceconditions,theyadded.

Withoutgravitythebodyisn'tbearinganyweightsothereisnoneedforcalcium（钙）whichmakesbonesstrong,anditbecomesemptyintothebloodstream.

Theresearchteamsuggestedinfuturescientistsshouldtrytodetermineifthelossofbonedensitywasonlyonweight-bearingbonesonlongerflights,alsothe

possiblerecoveryafterreturningtoEarth.

1.FrenchscientistsdidtheirresearchonRussianastronauts,because.

A.theyonlycaredfortheRussianastronauts

B.theywerenotinterestedintheirownastronauts

C.theRussiangovernmentinvitedthemtodotheirresearch

D.theRussianastronautsworkedinspaceforalongtime

2.Scientistshavefoundthat.

A.theBMDlossmaycauseseriousillnesstoastronauts

B.theBMDlossmaycausesomechangeinastronauts,bodies

C.astronautsshouldn'tcareabouttheBMDloss

D.astronautsshouldtakesomecalciumbeforespacetravel

3.WhatcausetheBMDlosstoastronauts,accordingtothispassage?

A.Thefoodtheyeatinspace.B.Thedrinkstheytakeinspace.

C.Thetemperatureinspace.D.Thegravityinspace.

4.Inthethirdparagraph,theword“striking“means.

A.unusualB.simpleC.weakD.slow

（9）

Somespidershuntontheground,othersbuildwebstotraptheirfood,butthegrasswaterspidercatchesitspreybywinningalongthesurfaceofthewater.

Thisspecialwaterspiderlivesonthegrassybanksofstreamswheremosquitoes,damselfliesandotherinsectscometofeedandbreed.

AlthoughitisoneofthelargestspidersinNewZealand,ithasanunusualability.Itdoesn'tdisturbthewaterasitwaitsforitsmeal,and由ereisbarelya

ripple（波纹）whenitskims（掠过）acrossthesurfaceatlightningspeedtocatchitsprey.

Grasswaterspidersdealswiftlywithlargerinsectslikedamselfliesbypullingtheirheadsunderthewaterandholdingthemthereuntiltheydrown.

Afterameal,thegrasswaterspiderspendsuptohalfanhourgrooming（修饰）itself.Itwipesitseighteyes,brushesitsantennae（触角）,andtakesspecialcareto

cleanthehairsonitsbody.

Itisthehairsthattraptinybubbles（泡沫）ofairsothatthespidercanrundownablade（叶片）ofgrassandstayunderwaterforuptoanhourwhenitis

frightened.Thehairsalsokeepthespiderdry,evenunderwater.

Itisonlywhenthefemalespideriscaringfortheyoungthatshedoesnothuntonthewater.Aftermating,sheproducesalargeeggsac（囊），whichshecarries

aroundforfiveweeks.Oncetheeggsstarttohatch,sheattachesthesactosomebladesofgrassorathistle.Shethentearsthesacopenandreleasesthetinyspiders

intothenurseryweb.

1.Howdoesthegrasswaterspiderkillitsprey?

A.inawebB.bydrowningC.bypoisoningD.withitsantennae

2.thewriterdescribesthespecialspideras“special”because.

A.itwalksonwaterB.ithaseighteyes

C.ofitshairyappearanceD.ofthewayitproducesitsyoung

3.Thepassagetellsusthatthespider.

A.feedsgrassandthistlestoitsyoung.

B.livesonbladesofgrassunderthewater

C.livesinthegrassonthebanksofstreams

D.eatsamealonceeveryfiveweeks

4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto.

A.convincereadersthatspidersaredangerous

B.indicatethatthegrasswaterspiderisendangered

C.listallofthespidersthatcanbefoundinNewZealand

D.describethecharacteristicsofthegrasswaterspider

(10)

Perhapsthemostfamoustheory,thestudyofbodymovement,wassuggestedbyProfessorRayBirdwhistell.Hebelievesthatphysicalappearanceisoften

culturallyprogrammed.Inotherwords,welearnourlooks—wearenotbornwiththem.Ababyhasgenerallyinformedfacefeatures.Ababy,accordingto

Birdwhistell,learnswheretosettheeyebrowsbylookingatthosearound-familyandfriends.ThishelpsexplainwhythepeopleofsomeareasoftheUnitedStates

looksomuchalike,newEnglandersorSouthernershavecertaincommonfacefeaturesthatcannotbeexplainedbygenetics(遗传学).Theexactshapeofthemouthis

notsetatbirth,itislearnedafter.Infact,thefinalmouthshapeisnotformeduntilwellafternewteethareset.Formany,thiscanbewellintogrown-ups.Ahusband

andwifetogetherforalongtimeoftencometolookalike.Welearnourlooksfromthosearoundus.Thisisperhapswhyinasinglecountryareawherepeoplesmile

morethanthoseinotherareas.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,theSouthisthepartofthecountrywherethepeoplesmilemostfrequently.InNewEnglandthey

smileless,andinthewesternpartofNewYorkStatestillless.ManysouthernersfindcitiessuchasNewYorkcoldandunfriendly,partlybecausepeopleonMadison

AvenuesmilelessthanpeopleonPeachtreeStreetinAtlanta.Georgia.PeopleinAtlanta,Georgia.Peopleinlargelypopulatedareasalsosmileandgreeteachotherin

publiclessthanpeopleinsmalltownsdo.

1.RayBirdwhistellbelievesthatphysicalappearance.

A.haslittletodowithculture

B.hasmuchtodowithculture

C.iseverchanging

D.isdifferentfromplacetoplace

2.Accordingtothepassage,thefinalmouthshapeisformed.

A.beforebirthB.assoonasone'steetharenewlyset

C.sometimeafternewteetharesetD.around15yearsold

3.RayBirdwhistellcantellwhatareaoftheUnitedStatesapersonisfromby.

A.howmuchheorshelaughsB.howheorsheraiseshisorhereyebrows

C.whatheorshelikesbestD.thewayheorshetalks

4.Thispassagemighthavebeentakenoutofabookdealingwith.

A.physicsB.chemistryC.biologyD.noneoftheabove

（ID

SupposewebuiltarobottoexploretheplanetMars.Weprovidetherobotwithseeingdetectors（探测器）tokeepitawayfromdanger.Itispoweredentirelyby

thesun.Shouldweprogramtherobottobeequallyactiveatalltimes?No,therobotwouldbeusingupenergyatatimewhenitwasnotreceivingany.Sowewould

probablyprogramittostopitsactivityatnightandtowakeupatdawnthenextmorning.

Accordingtoevolutionary（进化的）theoryofsleep,evolutionequippeduswitharegularpatternofsleepingandwakingforthesamereason.Thetheorydoes

notdenythatsleepprovidessomeimportantrestorativefunctions.Itmerelysaysthatevolutionhasprogrammedustoperformthosefunctionsatatimewhenactivity

wouldbeinefficientandpossiblydangerous.However,sleepprotectsusonlyfromthesortoftroublewemightwalkinto;itdoesnotprotectusfromtroublethat

comeslookingforus.Sowesleepwellwhenweareinafamiliar,safeplace,butwesleeplightly,ifatall,whenwefearthatbearswillnoseintothetent.

Theevolutionarytheoryexplainthedifferencesinsleepamongcreatures.Whydocats,forinstance,sleepsomuch,whilehorsessleepsolittle?Surelycatsdo

notneedfivetimesasmuchrepairandrestorationashorsesdo.Butcatscanaffordtohavelongperiodsofinactivitybecausetheyspendlittletimeeatingandare

unlikelytobeattackedwhiletheysleep.Horsesmustspendalmostalltheirwakinghourseating,becausewhattheyeatisverylowinenergyvalue.Moreover,they

cannotaffordtosleeptoolongortoodeeply,becausetheirsurvivaldependsontheirabilitytorunawa