2024年高考英语核心考点精讲精练（新高考专用）考点10 阅读理解推理判断之作者的目的和意图 （教师版）

考点10阅读理解推理判断之作者的目的和意图（核心考点精讲精练）1.三年真题考点分布考点题型推理判断之目的和意图阅读理解2023试卷类型设问考点【2023年1月·浙江卷】28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?【2023年1月·浙江卷】C34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?【2023年1月·浙江卷】D目的和意图[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]B28.Whatisthebookaimedat?[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]C目的和意图[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C目的和意图[2023·全国甲卷]29.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?[2023·全国甲卷]C目的和意图[2023·全国乙卷]33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?[2023·全国乙卷]D目的和意图20222022·新高考I卷阅读B24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?目的和意图20212021·英语全国甲卷C篇30.10．WhydidtheauthorliketospendtimeinSouthbankwhenhereturnedtoLondon?目的和意图2021·全国高考乙卷C篇29．Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?目的和意图2021·全国新高考ID篇33．Whydoestheauthormention“doctor”and“cheater”inparagraph2?目的和意图2021·全国新高考II卷D篇34．WhydoesPeteBondsstillhirecowboystowatchcattle?目的和意图2.命题规律及备考策略【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中写作目的和意图题考查了12次。主要考查：根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作目的和意图。写作目的和意图的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者写某些事实或例子的目的是什么；2.因为要判断作者的写作目的和意图，所以我们一定要站在作者的角度看问题，把自己当成作者，你这样写是为了什么。【备考策略】系统归类写作目的和意图的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。【命题预测】通过阅读理解中，推断写作目的和意图考查考生的基本的写作思路，在新高考命题中仍然是考查重点。因此，推断写作目的和意图的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。【2024年高考命题预测】推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一定是为了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把自己当成作者。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】规律方法：常见的设问方式： Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Thepurposeofthetextistogetmorepeopleto_______. Thewriterofthestorywantstotellusthat________. Thefact…ismentionedbytheauthortoshow________. Theauthorwritersthelastparagraphinorderto________. 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。 一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作意图。1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】CAmachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswillnodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectricalengineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:“There’sneverastageatwhichthesystemknowswhatit’stalkingabout.”WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleastintelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetofrulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toacomputer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjusttheoutsideofastringofsymbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthesymbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insociety,insocialmemory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.Andthat’swhy,howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganwithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwithartificialintelligence.28．WhydoestheauthormentionNoaOvadiainthefirstparagraph?A．Toexplaintheuseofasoftwareprogram.B．ToshowtheclevernessofProjectDebater.C．TointroducethedesignerofProjectDebater.D．Toemphasizethefairnessofthecompetition.【答案】28．B

【文章大意】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为ProjectDebater的软件程序。28．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Lastweek,inapublicdebateinSanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel’sformernationaldebatingchampion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为ProjectDebater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军NoaOvadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到NoaOvadia的目的是展示ProjectDebater的聪明。故选B。2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】DAccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安装)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“low-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(传粉昆虫).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.【答案】

34．A

【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。34．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]BWhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(细菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfibreglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor,”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhatshappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”()26.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A.ToreviewJohn’sresearchplans.B.ToshowanapplicationofJohnsidea.C.TocompareJohn’sdifferentjobs.D.ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn’sinvention.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。26.B推理判断题。根据第五段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1,600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.”可知,多年来,约翰做了许多重要的工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施,可以处理南伯灵顿1600个家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水。由此可知,作者提及福州的目的是展示约翰的想法的应用。4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]CThegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.Todoso,Idividedthebookintotwoparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople’sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,beforemovingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldeclutter.Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethingsyouvalue.Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I’llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldeclutter.Indoingso,I’lldrawonanexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You’llheartheseparticipants’storiesandlearnwhatstrategiesworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培养)asustainabledigitalminimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolitude(独处)andthenecessityofcultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswithacollectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasatoolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.()28.Whatisthebookaimedat?A.Teachingcriticalthinkingskills.B.Advocatingasimpledigitallifestyle.C.Solvingphilosophicalproblems.D.Promotingtheuseofadigitaldevice.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本有关数字极简主义的书的具体内容。28.B推理判断题。根据第一段“Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksandwhyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit’srightforyou.”可知,这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效,然后如果你认为它适合你,教你如何采用这种哲学,即这本书旨在倡导一种数字极简生活方式。5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]CReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereaderappearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists’representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebookasafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed(描绘)aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智),wealthorfaithofthesubject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialforartworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,thecontentsreviewed,perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformationweconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,“off-line”activity.()31.Whatdoestheauthorwanttosaybymentioningthee-reader?A.Theprintedbookisnottotallyoutofdate.B.Technologyhaschangedthewayweread.C.Ourlivesinthe21stcenturyarenetworked.D.Peoplenowrarelyhavethepatiencetoread.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了一本关于书本的书,该书通过来自世界各地博物馆的艺术作品展现了读书场景在历史中的呈现和超越文化和时间的人性共同点。31.A推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.Froma21st-centurypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powerede-reader.”(过去曾经认为持续发展的通讯技术将使印刷页面过时。从21世纪的角度来看,印刷书籍确实是古老的,但它仍然像任何电池供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性。)可推知,作者提到电子阅读器是为了说明印刷的书并没有完全过时。故选A项。6.[2023·全国甲卷]CIwasabout13whenanunclegavemeacopyofJosteinGaardersSophiesWorld.Itwasfullofideasthatwerenewtome,soIspentthesummerwithmyheadinandoutofthatbook.Itspoketomeandbroughtmeintoaworldofphilosophy(哲学).ThatloveforphilosophylasteduntilIgottocollege.NothingkillstheloveforphilosophyfasterthanpeoplewhothinktheyunderstandFoucault,Baudrillard,orConfuciusbetterthanyou—andthentrytoexplainthem.EricWeinersTheSocratesExpress:InSearchofLifeLessonsfromDeadPhilosophersreawakenedmyloveforphilosophy.Itisnotanexplanation,butaninvitationtothinkandexperiencephilosophy.Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosophersworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.Hemakesphilosophicalthoughtanappealingexercisethatimprovesthequalityofourexperiences,andhedoessowithplentyofhumour.Weinerentersintoconversationwithsomeofthemostimportantphilosophersinhistory,andhebecomespartofthatcrowdintheprocessbydecoding(解读)theirmessagesandaddinghisowninterpretation.TheSocratesExpressisafun,sharpbookthatdrawsreadersinwithitsapparentsimplicityandgraduallypullsthemindeeperthoughtsondesire,loneliness,andaging.Theinvitationisclear:Weinerwantsyoutopickupacoffeeorteaandsitdownwiththisbook.Iencourageyoutotakehisoffer.Itsworthyourtime,eveniftimeissomethingwedonthavealotof.()29.WhydoestheauthorlistgreatphilosophersinParagraph4?A.TocompareWeinerwiththem.B.Togiveexamplesofgreatworks.C.Topraisetheirwritingskills.D.TohelpreadersunderstandWeinersbook.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。作者向读者介绍了EricWeiner的哲学书TheSocratesExpress。29.D推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Weinerstartseachchapterwithasceneonatrainridebetweencitiesandthenframeseachphilosophersworkinthecontext(背景)ofonethingtheycanhelpusdobetter.TheendresultisareadinwhichwelearntowonderlikeSocrates,seelikeThoreau,listenlikeSchopenhauer,andhavenoregretslikeNietzsche.This,morethanabookaboutunderstandingphilosophy,isabookaboutlearningtousephilosophytoimprovealife.”可知,韦纳书中的每一章都以城市之间的火车旅行场景开始,然后他介绍每个哲学家的作品和一件他们可以帮助我们做得更好的事情。最终的结果是,我们学会了像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看待事情,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采那样没有遗憾。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习使用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可推知,作者列出伟大的哲学家是为了帮助读者理解Weiner的书。故选D。7.[2023·全国乙卷]DIfyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdoitthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,hasnot.Writingisoneofhumanityslaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate(有文字的)societiesrecordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butinmanycaseswesimplycant.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-literatehistoryisperhapsthefirstconflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCooksvoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptainsrecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthatday,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotelltheirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhomappearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistorytoldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontact(联系)betweenliterateandnon-literatesocietiessuchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.()33.WhatdoestheauthorindicatebymentioningCaptainCookinParagraph2?A.Hisreportwasscientific.B.Herepresentedthelocalpeople.C.HeruledoverBotanyBay.D.Hisrecordwasone-sided.【文章大意】本文出自一本书的节选,探讨了历史记录中文本与物品之间的关系,指出仅凭文本无法全面记录历史,文章提到了物品记录历史的重要性,它在提供双方信息平衡方面具有重要意义。33.D推理判断题。根据第二段中“FromtheEnglishside,wehavescientificreportsandthecaptainsrecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield(盾)droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.”可知,从英国方面,我们有科学报告和船长对那个可怕的日子的记录。从澳洲方面,我们只有一个被一个人在初次经历了枪击后逃跑时扔下的木盾。由此可推知,作者在第二段提及库克船长是为了说明他的记录只是单方面的。故选D项。8.B【2022·新高考I卷】Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.4.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.【答案】4.B【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。4.B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。故选B。9.C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan.Heleftaftersevenmonths,physicallybrokenandhavinglosthismind.Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬礼)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty.AndinKarakalpakstan,heissaddenedbytheduststorms,diseasesandfishingboatsstuckmilesfromthesea.MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturalreferences,makinghistaleawell-roundedpictureofUzbekistan,seenfromWesterneyes.HisjudgmentandreferencesaredecidedlyAmerican,aswellashisdelicatestomach.Astheauthorexplains,thisisneitheratravelnorahistorybook,orevenapieceofreportage.Whateveritis,theresultisafineandvividdescriptionofthepurestofCentralAsiantraditions.11．Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A．Tointroduceabook. B．Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C．Torememberawriter. D．Torecommendatraveldestination.【答案】11．A【解析】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。11．推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】Duringthesummerof2021,BeverlyWaxhadanexperiencethatfilledherwithawe.Itwasthesightofherson,Justin,dragginga36-kilogramportableairconditionerupstairs.Beverly’scentralairconditioninghadstoppedworkinginthemiddleofa32℃heatwave.Shehadmentionedtohersonandhe’dshownupasasurprise.Asshewatchedhimsweatandstrugglewhilefixingit,shefeltawaveofgratitudeandappreciation.Aweisthatfeelingwegetwhensomethingissovastthatitstopsusinourtracks.Often,itchallengesorexpandsourthinking.Researchshowsthataweexperiencesdecreasestressandincreaseoverallsatisfaction.Itcanalsohelpourrelationships,makingusfeelmoresympatheticandlessgreedy,moresupportedbyandmorelikelytohelpothers.Mostofusassociateawewithsomethingrareandbeautiful:nature,musicoraspiritualexperience.Butpeoplecanbringaboutawe,andnotjustpublicheroes.Often,thisinterpersonalaweisaresponsetolife’sbig,sweepingchanges.Wecanbeawedbyournearestanddearest—thepeoplesittingnexttousonthesofa,orchattingonthephone.Butithappensinsmallermoments,too.JohnBargh,apsychologist,saidhewastrulyawestruckbyhisthen-five-year-olddaughter.Whensheheardanotherchildcrying,shegrabbedhertoy,walkedovertotheboyandhandedittohim.Unfortunately,wecan’tmakesomeoneelsebehaveinawaythat’sawesome.Butwecanprepareourselvestonoticeitwhentheydo—andtakestepstoboosttheemotion’spositiveeffects.4．WhydoesthewritertellBeverly’sstory?A．Toshowsympathyforher. B．Tociteanexampleofawe.C．Toexpressappreciationtoherson. D．Tostartadiscussionaboutawe.5．Whatisthebenefitofawe?A．Itstopsouranxiety. B．simplifiesourthinking.C．Itsatisfiesregularneeds. D．Itpromotespositiveemotions.6．Inwhichsituationcanwefeelawedbetweenthenearest?A．Admiringsceneryinanationalpark.B．Enjoyingclassicmusicinaconcerthall.C．Receivingacallfromalong-lostfriend.D．Gettingthesignatureofafamousathlete.7．Whatcanbeimpliedfromthelastparagraph?A．Ariseintimeoftrouble.B．Behaveinanawesomeway.C．Senseamazementindailylife.D．Increasechanceoffi