2024年高考英语复习语篇理解技能梳理(通用版)01 阅读理解细节理解题（原卷版）

01阅读理解细节理解题命题趋势简析从近几年高考英语阅读理解题型来看，事实细节题目增多，其难度也稍有加大。其表现有：题目设置顺序与全文行文不尽一致；题目信息与原文信息表达方式不完全相同；答案获取需跨段落搜集等。从考查侧重点分析看，考题重点由原来的考查语言知识点，如介词搭配、冠词选择及固定句型运用等转向考查学生的语言实际运用能力和语篇运用能力，如概括短文大意、根据短文信息进行推测、猜测词义等。从阅读理解部分所选材料看，题材多样，情景各异。但多数与考生的实际生活有或多或少的联系。考生结合其生活实际及常识，根据短文所提供的信息，仔细斟酌一番，还是不难做出答案的。必备应对策略及突破方法使用趋势分析：考生运用平时积累的语言知识，如词汇、语法等，通读短文，作到理解大意;在通读时，注意搜索短文中的5个“W”和1个“H”，5个“W”指的是what，when，where，who，why;1个“H”指的是how，并留意其所在位置，要求考生能快速地辨认、记忆事实细节；在熟悉材料的情况下，带着问题去找答案。这往往要求考生以略读或通篇跳读为主，寻找与答案相关细节；在做概括、推理题时，需要考生通过思维，将理解的内容加以系统化、条理化，方可作答。题型特征总览考点考向细节理解题考查考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节的理解,特点是题干针对原文提到的某事物、现象或理论进行发问。考查方式命题方式1.特殊疑问句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑问词开头引出的问题;2.以是非题的形式。true/false,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年来这种题型较少;3.以Accordingto...开头提问方式;4.以填空题的形式;5.就文中年代数字、排序、识图等提问选项特征1.正确选项的特征同义替换:对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换;词性或者语态发生变化语言简化:把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化,设置为答案正话反说:把原文中的意思反过来表达2.干扰选项的特征张冠李戴:是原文信息,但不是题目要求的内容无中生有:符合常识,但不是文章的内容曲解文意:与原文的内容极其相似,只是在某个细节处有些变动颠倒是非:在意思上与原文大相径庭正误参半:部分正确,部分错误晓解题捷径抓住文本中的事实和细节是做好该题型的关键。一般采用寻读法。解题分三步第一步:读题干,抓住关键词;第二步:带着问题快速阅读短文,找出与问题有关的词语或句子;第三步:仔细对比选项和原文信息,继而找出答案。题型突破攻略解此类题要求考生快速抓住原文中的关键信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案与原文中的语句并非一模一样，而是用不同的词语或句型结构表达相同的意思。有的细节理解题就需要通过有关词语和句子的转换。利用主要事实、图表、图形来获取信息，然后利用因果、类比、时间、空间等关系将零碎的细节经过一系列加工、整理，方能做出正确的判断．此类试题在高考中占大多数。值得一提的是，有时原文中的信息可能只是一个短语，甚至一个单词，因此需要我们在阅读中特别仔细才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。一、点式细节理解题式细节理解题答案可以在原文中找到，考生一般可以通过读原文中的某句话或某个词语便能得出答案，此类题属于低层次题。解答点式细节理解题，采取“先题后文，题干定位法”，即从问题中抓关键词(题眼)，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干相吻合的关键词或与关键信息相关的段落，仔细推敲，最后确定答案。1.直接信息题：一般能在文中直接找到明确的信息，往往只考查文章中的个别事实，通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。【典型例题】(2020·全国卷Ⅰ阅读A)AllcustomerstravellingonTransLinkservicesmustbeinpossessionofavalidticketbeforeboarding.Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.WhileQueenslandRailmakeseveryefforttoensuretrainsrunasscheduled，therecanbenoguaranteeofconnectionsbetweentrainsorbetweentrainservicesandbusservices.21．Whatwouldyoudotogetticketinformation?A．Call131617.B．Visit.au.C．Askatthelocalstation.D．Checkthetrainschedule.【分析】·第一步找关键词：ticketinformation·第二步定位到原文：在原文中定位原词ticketinformation，确定关键句为第一段的第二句“Forticketinformation，pleaseaskatyourlocalstationorcall131230.”。·第三步比对选项：想要获得票务信息可以咨询当地车站。2.间接信息题：一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息，要求在理解的基础上，对原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。【典型例题】(2020·全国卷Ⅲ阅读D)Dr.JubiladofirstmettheBajauwhilegrowinguponSamalIslandinthePhilippines.Theymadealivingasdivers，spearfishingorharvestingshellfish.“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders，”Dr.Jubiladosaid.“Icouldseethemactuallywalkingunderthesea.”34．WhywastheyoungJubiladoastonishedattheBajau?A．Theycouldwalkonstiltsallday.B．Theyhadasuperbwayoffishing.C．Theycouldstaylongunderwater.D．Theylivedonbothlandandwater.【分析】·第一步找关键词：astonished·第二步定位到原文：利用同义词复现确定答案，由关键词astonished定位文中的“Weweresoamazedthattheycouldstayunderwatermuchlongerthanuslocalislanders”为信息句，astonished与amazed为同义词。·第三步比对选项：年轻的Jubilado对巴瑶族人惊讶不已的地方在于他们可以在水下待很长时间。3.数字计算题：要求考生在原文中找到相关的数字信息，再对相关的数字和信息进行分析和理解，利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算，确定答案。【典型例题】(2018·全国卷Ⅲ阅读A)VisitorInformationHow__to__Get__to__HolkerByCar：FollowbrownsignsonA590fromJ36，M6.Approximatetraveltimes：Windermere—20minutes，Kendal—25minutes，Lancaster—45minutes，Manchester—1hour30minutes.ByRail：TheneareststationisCark－in－CartmelwithtrainstoCarnforth，LancasterandPrestonforconnectionstomajorcities&airports.Opening__TimesSunday－Friday(closedonSaturday)11：00am－4：00pm，30thMarch－2ndNovember.Admission__ChargesHall&GardensGardensAdults：￡12.00￡8.00Groups:￡9.00￡5.5022．HowmuchshouldamemberofatourgrouppaytovisitHall&Gardens?A．￡12.00. B．￡9.00.C．￡8.00. D．￡5.50.【分析】·第一步找关键词：Hall&Gardens·第二步定位到原文：利用原文数据和题干数据关系确定答案，有AdmissionCharges及Groups：￡9.00￡5.50的内容可直接得出答案。·第三步比对选项：团队参观霍克庄园和花园每人是9英镑。二、网式细节理解题网式细节理解题要根据原文中的多处信息才能得出答案。因此在解答该类题目时一定要不厌其烦，题目涉及的多处细节要一一找出，并对选项和原文进行一一比对，做到万无一失。【典型例题】(2015·浙江卷阅读A)Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl，whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime，lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then，stilllookingatme，shesaidslowlyandseriously，“Mr.Holt，doyoureallymeanthat？”Isaidjustasseriously，“Imeaneverywordofit.”Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday，shewasreadingatherdesk.FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself，“Itcan’tbe，”andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough，shewasreadingMobyDick，intheeditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid，“Don’tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing？”Sheanswered，“Oh，sure，butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”44．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.B．Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.C．Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.D．Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.【分析】·第一步分析选项：标出选项重要信息词。·第二步确定目标选项：根据选项重要信息词定位到文中第二段中的“Isaid，‘Don’tyoufindpartsofit...thenextgoodpart.’”确定目标选项A和C。B和D项未提及。·第三步逐一对照：虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度，但是女孩在阅读时，会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分，选择容易理解的部分来阅读。故A项错误，选C项。对于一般的多细节理解题，虽然不像正误判断题一样逐个选项与原文排查，但这类题目的答案也是综合原文多个信息得出的，因此也要不厌其烦，认真分析，方能得出正确答案。【典型例题】(2020·全国卷Ⅱ阅读B)Someparentswillbuyanyhigh－techtoyiftheythinkitwillhelptheirchild，butresearcherssaidpuzzleshelpchildrenwithmath－relatedskills.PsychologistSusanLevine，anexpertonmathematicsdevelopmentinyoungchildrenattheUniversityofChicago，foundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetweenages2and4laterdevelopbetterspatialskills.Puzzleplaywasfoundtobeasignificantpredictorofcognition(认知)aftercontrollingfordifferencesinparents’income，educationandtheamountofparenttalk，Levinesaid.Theresearchersanalyzedvideorecordingsof53child－parentpairsduringeverydayactivitiesathomeandfoundchildrenwhoplaywithpuzzlesbetween26and46monthsofagehavebetterspatialskillswhenassessedat54monthsofage.24．Inwhichaspectdochildrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay?A．Buildingconfidence.B．Developingspatialskills.C．Learningself－control.D．Gaininghigh－techknowledge.【分析】·第一步分析题干：根据题干定位到childrenbenefitfrompuzzleplay。·第二步一一比对信息源：由第二段中的“PsychologistSusanLevine...spatialskills.”及第三段内容的信息源，不厌其烦，一一比对。名校资源学练1（2023秋·辽宁沈阳·高三校联考期末）Theworldhasseenmanyinventions.Whilemostpeopleareproudofthoseassociatewiththeirnames,therearethingsmakinginventorsfeeltheotherway.Thepop-up(弹出)advert,byEthanZuckermanPop-upadsareconvenientforthosewhoareinterested,butmostpeoplegetannoyedwhentheyareoncomputers.Theymaycontaincomputerviruses.Justaswewouldblametheinventor,themanhumblyacceptedhisinventionisn’toneofthebest.Inhisessay,Zuckermanwroteaboutthemosthatefulthing,“Iwrotethecodetolaunchthewindowandrunanadinit.”Theemoticon,byScottE.FahlmanEmoticonsbegantooccupyscreenscrazilyin2011andgainedgreatpopularity,especiallywithyoungmen.IthadbeenfouryearssinceFahlmanfirstuseda“smileyface”inacomputermessage.Hecreatedtheemoticonasajokemarker.Butthingsaredifferent.“IthasgonetoplacesIdon’tapproveof,”hecomplainedtoTheWallStreetJournalin2013.“Itshouldn’thavebeencreated.”Theofficecubicle(隔间),byBobPropstIn1968,BobPropstcameupwiththeideaofficecubicles,somethingthat“wouldbuildafuturisticandtidyofficestylewithnorealwallsordoorsandprovideamorecomfortableenvironment”.Butthemanhascometohatewhathehasinvented,asPropstrecalledtoFortuneatage80,“They’vechangedandjustbecomecubicles”.TheK-Cup,byJohnSylvanItseemseveryonehasaKeurigcoffeemakerforK-Cups.JohnSylvaninventedtheK-Cup,aimedatfacilitatingofficelifeofwhite-collarworkers.Nowit’scommoninhousesandcompanies.However,thesingle-serveplasticcoffeecupsaren’teco-friendly.“IfeelbadsometimesthatIeverdidit”,Sylvanadmits.But!GoodnewsforMr.Sylvan:KeuringnowoffersvarietiesofrecyclableK-Cups.1.Whenwastheemoticoninvented?A.In2007. B.In2009. C.In2011. D.In2013.2.Whichonewascreatedforofficeworkers’convenience?A.Thepop-upadvert. B.Theemoticon. C.Theofficecubicle. D.TheK-Cup.3.Whatdotheaboveinventionshaveincommon?A.Theybenefithumanlifegreatly.B.Theircreatorsareblamedbythepublic.C.Theirinventorsfeelregretful.D.Theyareverypopularwithyoungpeople.2（2023春·广东深圳·高三深圳市福田区福田中学校考阶段练习）Ashockingnewsreporthasrevealedthatmorethanoneinfivespeciesofmapletreesfacesextinction,warningthat75%ofthethreatenedspeciesare“geographicallyrestricted”intheirnativeregions.Thetreesareexperiencingavastdeclineinhabitat,duetourbandevelopment,woodharvestingandagriculturalexpansion.Timeisrunningoutfortheworld'sbiodiversity.Everyrecentsurveyofplantsandanimalsinthewildpointstothis.Thisishappeningnearlyeverywhererarermaplesexist.Andbecauseofclimatechange,thenarrowhabitatsthatsupportspeciesattheedgesofdryplacesandatthetopsofmountainsarequicklydisappearing.Thetreescanbefoundinsubtropicalandtropicalregions,asfarsouthasIndonesia.TheonlyspeciesfoundintheUK,thefieldmapleisnotunderthreat.Notonlyarethetreesapopularattractivefeatureinparksandpublicspaces,buttheyareakeypartofthenaturalecosysteminwoodlands,aswellasbeinganimportantwoodcropinseveralcountries.AlthoughthesugarmapleinNorthAmerica,whichproducesmaplejuice,isnotendangered,twooftheclosestrelativestothespeciesareendangered.Thereportnotesthatconservingat-riskspeciesintheirnaturalhabitatisthebestconservationtactic.Butcollectionsinbotanicalgardensandseedbanks-called"exsitucollections"canactasinsurancepoliciesagainstextinction.Therearecurrently14speciesofmaple,includingfourthatarecriticallyendangered,whichareabsentfromthesetypesofcollections.OnespeciesinMexico,theAcerbinzayedii,isin“desperateneedofconservation"”despiteonlybeingdiscoveredin2017.“Itisatriskfromclimatechangeinitscloudforesthabitatandthreatenedbyloggingandforestfireswhileitisalsoabsentfrom'exsitucollections',”thereportadds.Thereportrecommendsdevelopingconservationplans,monitoringspeciescurrentlynotatrisktoensurepopulationsaremaintained,andaddingthosemissingmaplespeciestoseedbanks.4.Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Actiontoprotectmapletrees. B.Thedangeroussituationofmapletrees.C.Variousmapletrees'habitatsintheworld. D.Theconditionsfordiversityinmapletrees.5.Whatdothefieldmapleandthesugarmaplehaveincommon?A.Theycannotproducejuice. B.TheyarefoundinAmerica.C.Theyarenotatriskofextinction. D.Theyhavetwoendangeredrelatives.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“tactic”inparagraph4probablymean?A.Topic. B.Approach. C.Result. D.Conclusion.7.What'sthemainpurposeofthereport?A.Toofferaproposal. B.Torecommendaproduct.C.Tointroducemaplespecies. D.Towarnpeopleofdisasters.3（2023秋·辽宁大连·高三庄河高中校考阶段练习）WhenBritishmusicianPaulBartonperformsincentralThailandlately,thelistenersreactwildly.Somepullhishairorjumponhispiano.Othersstealhismusic.Thebehaviorisnormal,however,becausethesecrowdsaretrulywild—wildmonkeystobeexact.BartonplaysoftentotheanimalsinLopburi,anareaknownforitspopulationsofwildmonkeys.Thepianisthopesthemusicshowsbringcalmtotheanimalsduringthecoronavirus(COVID-19)crisis.Thediseasehascausedproblemsforthemonkeys,too.Theyarehungry.Therestrictionsontourismmeanfewerpeoplecometoseethemonkeysandfeedthem.ThemonkeysquicklysurroundBartonwhenheplaysGreensleeves,Beethoven'sFurEliseandMichaelNyman'sDiaryofLove.Someofthecreaturessitonhischair,whileothersclimbuphisbodyandtouchhishead.But,Bartonkeepshisattentiononhisperformance,evenasasmallmonkeyrunsoverhishandsontheinstrument.Othermonkeystakecontrolofhismusicpapers.“IwasgladandsurprisedtofindthattheywereactuallyeatingthemusicasIwasplayingit.”ThemonkeysareBarton'slatestanimalfans.Pastwildlifeaudienceincludedelephantslivinginspecialprotectedareas.Bartonhopestoraisepeople'sawarenessofthemonkeys'hunger.Atthesametime,hehopestostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttoclassicalmusic.“Cometogetheranddon'tletthepandemicstopthewildmonkeysgettinggoodnutritiousfood.Weneedtomakeanefforttomakesurethattheyeatproperly.Andwhentheyeatproperlytheywillbecalmer,”said59-year-oldBarton.8.Whydoesthemusicianplaytothewildmonkeys?A.Toseethewildanimalsjustbeingthemselves. B.Tostudytheirbehaviorastheyreacttopopmusic.C.Toraisemoneyforthewildmonkeys'hunger. D.TohelpcalmthemduringCOVID-19crisis.9.Whatkindofmusicdoesthemusicianplay?A.Contemporarymusic. B.Classicalmusic.C.Countrymusic. D.Popularmusic.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“eatingthemusic"inParagraph4referto?A.Stealinghismusicpapers. B.Eatinghismusicpapers.C.Disturbinghisperformance. D.Enjoyinghisplaying11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Wildmonkeysliketoplaywiththemusician. B.Peoplewillstarttoprotectthewildmonkeys.C.TheCOVID-19hasdamagedmuchtotheworld. D.Musiccanmakethewildanimalsmoreactive.4（2023·浙江·模拟预测）AsCOVID-19hitandtheworldwentintovaryinglevelsoflockdown(封锁),itbecamedifficultforresearcherstoknowwhatwashappeningintheocean.Butnow,youcanjointheeOceansplatformtohelpresearchersgatherdataonoceansandoceanecosystemsinreal-time.DownloadingtheeOceansapponyoursmartphoneandloggingwhatyouseewhenyouareonthecoastorintheocean,includinganyanimals,people,pollutionorevenanemptybeach,youcanhelpresearchersmonitortheworld’soceans.Theappletsyounoteyourobservationsaswellasuploadphotos.Thisinformationisthenlinkedtoyourgeographicallocationandismadeaccessibletoscientistsstudyingthatregion.UsingeOceansdata,researcherscanremotelymonitorhowoceansandcoastalcommunitiesworldwidearehappening,includinginthecontextofthepandemic(疫情).Inreality,observationsrecordedthrougheOceansarealreadyprovidingvaluableinsights.DuringAustralia’slockdown,forexample,thelargestgroupofturtlesinthecountry’shistorywasspottedbyresearchersusingeOceansdata.AndinHawaii,datafromtheappsuggeststhatclearerwatersareassociatedwithareductionintouristsduringthepandemic.Negativeimpactsofthepandemicontheoceanhavealsobeenpickedupthroughtheapp,includinganincreaseinpollutionfrompersonalprotectiveequipment,aswellaspandemic-relatedinterruptionstomarine(海洋的)recoveryfollowinga2019oilleakinBrazilianwaters.Infuture,datafromeOceanscouldhelpenableearlydetectionofhazards(危害),suchasoilleaks,sothattheycanbedealtwithsooner,saysChristineWard-Paige,founderandchiefscientistateOceans.“Tillnow,morethan1,000peoplehavealreadyjoinedtheeOceansplatform,”saysWard-Paige.“Butmoredataonwildlifespottedalongcoastlines,aswellasinformationonhowpeopleareusingthesespaces,arestillneeded.”12.HowcanpeoplehelpresearchersmonitortheoceanthroughtheeOceansplatform?A.Bydownloadingandobservingsomedataofhazards.B.Byspottingandmarkingthepreviousmarinerecovery.C.Bycollectinganduploadingtimelyoceanicinformation.D.Bydetectingandreportingyourpresentgeographicallocation.13.WhichdiscoveryhasbeenmadebasedontheeOceansdata?A.AnoilleakoccurringinAustralianwaters.B.ThelargestturtlefoundinAustralia’shistory.C.AfactorcontributingtoclearerwatersinHawaii.D.Aboomoftourismappearingduringthepandemic.14.WhatisWard-Paige’sattitudetowardsthefutureofeOceansplatform?A.Indifferent. B.Optimistic.C.Doubtful. D.Anxious.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Keepinganeyeontheocean. B.Caringabouttheoceanpollution.C.Showinglovetocoastalcreatures. D.Monitoringthequalityofseawater.5（2023·四川成都·成都外国语学校校考模拟预测）MaeveHigginsoncesetherselfatask.TheIrish-borncomedianwantedtoseewhatlifewouldbelikeifshestoppedlaughingatthingsthatweren’tfunny.Turnsoutitwasn’taseasyasshethought.“Itwassohard,”shesays.“Laughterisalubricant(润滑油)andisexpected,andit’sreallyhardnottodoit.”Higginssuggeststhere’ssomethingparticularlyspecialaboutbeingpartofthesharedexperiencethatislivecomedy—thatcuriousmagicthatoccurswhenpeoplecometogetherspecificallytolaugh.Comedyismorethanjustapleasantwaytopassanevening,humourmorethansomethingtoamuse.They’reinterwovenintooureverydayexistence.Whetheryou’resharinganamusingstoryatapartyortellingadarkjokeatafuneral,humouriseverywhere.Butwhatisitfor?Andcanhumour,ascomedy,changehowwefeel,whatwethinkorevenwhatwedo?Asanessentialpartofhumaninteraction,humourhasbeenonthemindsofthinkersforcenturies.OneofthemostenduringtheoriesofhumourwasputforwardbythephilosopherThomasHobbes.Itassertsthathumourappearstomakefunoftheweakandexertsuperiority.Whilethisisclearlythefunctionofsomecomedy,it’sfarfromacompleteexplanationfortheoverallpurposeofhumour.Forsomecomedians,it’snotjustaboutgettinglaughs—it’saboutchangingwhatwethinkandmaybeevenwhatwedo.Ifthere’sonecomicwhoisreallytypicalofthis,it’sJosieLong.Asocialjusticeactivistandacomedian,Longhasareputationfordelightful,optimistichumourandstorytelling.Ashercareerhasevolved,shehasconsciouslyputsocialandpoliticaltopicsattheheartofheract.Shebelievesthatcomedianshavearoletoplayinchallengingsomeofthemostpressingissuesoftheday.BritishcomicStephenKAmossellsoutvenuesseatingthousands,yearin,yearout.Amosfirmlybelievesthatwhencomicsconsciouslydealwithpressingorcontroversial（有争议的）socialissueslikeracism,theycanreachpeopleonamuchmoremeaningfullevelthanthatachievedbybrieflyliftingsomeone’smood.Andwhileitmaybedifficulttoquantify,hesays,thesocialandpsychologicalimpactofcomedydeservesmuchgreaterrecognition.Theresearchbacksthisup.Althoughtheroleofcomedyistobeentertainingfirstandforemost,SharonLockyer,asociologistwhostudieshumour,hasidentifiedanumberofpossibleotherfunctions.Theseincludechallengingstereotypes(刻板印象).Amos’sworkfrequentlysettlestheissuesofracebychallengingstereotypes.”Idon’tdothingsforshockvalue,”hesays.“Idostuffthatmatterstome.Intheolddaysitwasjustaboutdoingjokes.We’vemovedon—peoplearetalkingaboutthingsthatmatter.”16.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkabout?A.Thebenefitsoflaughing.B.Whatacomedian’sdailyworkisabout.C.WhyMaeveHigginschosetobeacomedian.D.MaeveHiggins’understandingoftheappealofcomedy.17.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph4mostprobablymean?A.Protecttheweakfromtheevil.B.Encouragepeopletobestronger.C.Bedeterminedtoimproveoneself.D.Showyouarebetterthanotherpeople.18.Accordingtothearticle,howdoescomedyhaveaneffectonsocialissues?A.Bygraduallyinfluencingpeople’sattitudes.B.Byurgingpoliticianstotryandsolvetheissues.C.Byquicklyyetthoroughlychangingpeople’sthinking.D.Bycallingonthewholesocietytopayattentiontotheissues.19.Accordingtothearticle,comedyincludesthefollowingrolesexcept________.A.gettingpeopletolaughB.promotingsocialprogressC.influencingpeople’sideasD.makingpeoplemoreproductive6（2023秋·山西太原·高三太原五中校考期末）Researchhasshownthatdisruptingone'snatural“morninglark”(早起鸟)or“nightowl”(夜猫子)tendencycanresultinimmoralbehavioratwork.Whodoesn'tloveaflexibleworkschedule?Beingabletomakeyourownhours,comeinwhenyou'rereadyandleavewhenyou'redone,stepouttoattendachild'spresentationatschool,haveamiddayappointment,orevensqueezeinaquickworkoutornapasaguaranteedpick-me-up—flexibilitygreatlyimprovesone'squalityoflife.Thebenefitsdon'tstopthere,however.Researchhasshownthathavingflexibleworkhoursactuallymakesoneabetterperson.Howso?It'sbeenfoundthatdisruptedsleeppatterns—intheformofhavingtoactoutsideofyournormalinclinationtobeamorning“lark”oranight“owl”—canresultinstrange,unethical,andout-of-linebehavior.SciencejournalistLindaGeddessaid,“Ifyoudon'tgetenoughsleep,researchsuggestsyouaremorelikelytohaveunethicalbehavior,suchasbeingmean,bullyingyourfellowemployeesorfalsifyingreceipts.Butit'snotjustowls:thelarkstendtobehavemoreunethicallyintheevening,andowlsinthemorning.Soideally,youwanttointroduceflexibleworking."Employerswouldbewisetoallowtheiremployeestostartwhenevertheyfeelready—whetherit'satthecrackofdawnorat11a.m.,andtoallowbreaksorpausesinthedayasneeded—becausethatwouldmeanbetterproductivity,performance,andbehavior.Thisshiftisalreadyhappening,withtheNewYorkTimesrecentlyreportingthat27percentofUSemployersnowoffertheflexibilitytoworkoutsidenormalbusinesshours,upfrom22percentin2014;and68percentallowtelecommutingasneeded(upfrom54percentin2014).Withthenationalunemploymentrateatitslowestin50years,employersarehavingtobecomemorecompetitiveinwhattheyofferworkers,andflex-hoursseemlikeano-brainer,highlybeneficialtoall.20.WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph2?A.Waystoimprovelifequality.B.People'sactivitiesintheirfreetime.C.Methodstogetaflexibleworkschedule.D.Theadvantagesofflexibilityinworktime.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“inclination”inParagraph3probablymean?A.Judgment. B.Tendency. C.Reaction. D.Choice.22.Whatistheeffecttochangepeople'ssleeppatternaccordingtoGeddes?A.Theywillshowtheirnaturemoreeasily.B.Theytendtosufferfromsleepproblems.C.Theytendtobehaveimmorallyintheirwork.D.Theywillgetmoreflexibilityinworkingtime.23.Whatdothefiguresinthelastparagraphindicate?A.Theunemploymentrateisincreasing.B.Employersaregettingmorefreetime.C.Flexibleworkinghasbeencreatingmorejobs.D.Moreemployersadoptaflexibleworkschedule.7（2023春·广西柳州·高三柳州市第三中学校考开学考试）Fromtheverybeginningofschoolwemakebooksandreadingaconstantsourceofpossiblefailureandpublichumiliation.Whenchildrenarelittlewemakethemreadaloud,beforetheteacherandotherchildren,sothatwecanbesurethey“know”allthewordstheyarereading.Thismeansthatwhentheydon'tknowaword,theyaregoingtomakeamistake,rightinfrontofeveryone.Afterhavingtaughtfifth-gradeclassesforfouryears,Idecidedtotryatallcoststoridthemoftheirfearanddislikeofbooks,andtogetthemtoreadoftenerandmoreadventurously.Onedaysoonafterschoolhadstarted,Isaidtothem,“NowI’mgoingtosaysomethingaboutreadingthatyouhaveprobablyneverheardateachersaybefore.Iwouldlikeyoutoreadalotofbooksthisyear,butIwantyoutoreadthemonlyforpleasure.Iamnotgoingtoaskyouquestionstofindoutwhetheryouunderstandthebooksornot.Ifyouunderstandenoughofabooktoenjoyitandwanttogoonreadingit,that’senoughforme.AlsoI’mnotgoingtoaskyouwhatwordsmean.”Thechildrensatstunnedandsilent.Wasthisateachertalking?Onegirl,whohadjustcometousfromaschoolwhereshehadhadaveryhardtime,lookedatmesteadilyforalongtimeafterIhadfinished.Then,stilllookingatme,shesaidslowlyandseriously,“MrHolt,doyoureallymeanthat?”Isaidjustasseriously,“Imeaneverywordofit.”Duringthespringshereallyastonishedme.Oneday,shewasreadingatherdesk.FromaglimpseoftheillustrationsIthoughtIknewwhatthebookwas.Isaidtomyself,“Itcan’tbe.”andwenttotakeacloserlook.Sureenough,shewasreadingMobyDick,ineditionwithwoodcuts.Isaid,“Don’tyoufindpartsofitratherheavygoing?”Sheanswered,“Oh,sure,butIjustskipoverthosepartsandgoontothenextgoodpart.”Thisisexactlywhatreadingshouldbeandinschoolsoseldomis,anexciting,joyousadventure.Findsomething,diveintoit,takethegoodparts,skipthebadparts,getwhatyoucanoutofit,goontosomethingelse.Howdifferentisourmean-spirited,pickyinsistencethateverychildgeteverylastlittlescrapof“understanding”thatcanbedugoutofabook!24.Accordingtothepassage,children’sfearanddislikeofbooksmayresultfrom________.A.readinglittleandthinkinglittle B.readingoftenandadventurouslyC.beingmadetoreadtoomuch D.beingmadetoreadaloudbeforeothers25.Uponhearingtheteacher’stalk,thechildrenprobablyfeltthat________.A.itsoundedstupid B.itwasnotsurprisingatallC.itsoundedtoogoodtobetrue D.itwasnodifferentfromotherteachers'talk26.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthegirlisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Sheskippedoverthoseeasypartswhilereading.B.Shehadahardtimefinishingtherequiredreadingtasks.C.Shelearnedtoappreciatesomepartsofthedifficultbooks.D.Sheturnedouttobeatopstudentaftercomingtothisschool.27.Fromtheteacher’spointofview,________.A.childrencannottellgoodpartsfrombadpartswhilereadingB.childrenshouldbelefttodecidewhattoreadandhowtoreadC.readingisneverapleasantandinspiringexperienceinschoolD.readinginvolvesunderstandingeverylittlepieceofinformation8（2023春·重庆·高三开学考试）InJudgementDay,oneofthehitfilmseriesTerminator,acyborg(生化人)playedbySchwarzeneggercouldhealhisskinwoundmagically,thatis,hemakestheskinrepairitselfinlessthanasecond.Recently,accordingtoMirror,asmartelectronicskinlikeithasbeendeveloped,whichisasstrong,stretchyandsensitiveashumans’.Previousattemptsto"electronically"copyhumanskinhavefallenshort.Makingsuitablyflexibleelectronicsthatcanperformdelicatetaskswhilealsoenduringthebumpsandscrapesofeverydaylifeischallenging,andeachmaterial