选修六第三单元 Grammar

Unit3Ahealthylife1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Xi’anis

a

beautiful

city,isn’t

it?I'msendingyousomeadvice.Itmighthelpyou.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.it作人称代词3.用以代替指示代词this,that.What'sthis/that?It'satulip.

—Whoisknockingatthedoor？

—It’sme.—Whocanitbe?__ItmustbeMr.Guo.1.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.

活到老,学到老。Lookattheseproverbsandseewhattheyhaveincommon.2.Itrainscatsanddogs.大雨滂沱3.Itneverrainsbutitpours.

不鸣则已,一鸣惊人。4.Itisapoormousethathasonlyonehole.

1.Itisnevertoooldtolearn.2.Itrainscatsanddogs.3.Itneverrainsbutitpours.4.Itisapoormousethathasonlyonehole.

“It”iswidelyusedinEnglish.“It”isveryusefulandcanbeusedinmanyotherways.Thesubjectposition

ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillfit.2.Itiseasiertofallthantorise.3.Itisnogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectpositiontostandfor_______,___________or_________.aclauseaninfinitive-ingformLookatthesentencesandthinkabouttheway“it”isused.Theobjectposition4.Ithinkitbestthatyoushoulddomoreexercise.5.Hefounditdifficulttoaccustomhimselftogettingupearly.aclauseaninfinitive

ItisamazingthatatmyageIamstillfit.2.Itiseasiertofallthantorise.3.Itisnogoodcryingoverspiltmilk.4.Ithinkitbestthatyoushoulddomoreexercise.5.Hefoundit

difficulttoaccustomhimselftogettingupearly.“It”canbeusedinthesubjectorobject

positiontostandfor________,___________or_________.aclauseaninfinitive-ingformIt’sdifficulttogiveupsmoking.Isitcertainthattheywillwin?Itisnogoodlearningwithoutpractice.Itisfunforhimtostudy.It’sapitythatourteachercan’ttakepartinourparty.

6.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)arrivetherein2hours.formalsubjectIt+is+adj./n./p.p.+infinite/clause/-ingformrealsubject

clear,easy,true,difficult,certain,etc.fun,apity,ashame,nouse/good,etc.said,believed,reported,announced,etc.Somewordsusedinthisstructureadj.

n.

p.p.

It’sdifficulttogiveupsmoking.

Itisfunforhimtostudy.

3.Itissuggestedthatwe(should)arrivetherein2hours.遵循英语语言的尾重原则,避免句子头重脚轻。Whyis“it”usedinthesubjectposition.formalobject2.…+verb+it+adj./n.+infinite/clause/-ingformrealobject

find,think,feel,believe,consider,make,etc.Someverbsusdeinthestructure2.Someyoungpeoplethinktheylookattractivewhentheysmoke.Itseems__________________________________________________________Givingupsmokingisdifficulttodo.

Itis__________________________thatsomeyoungpeoplethinktheylookattractivewhentheysmoke.difficulttogiveupsmoking.Rewritethesesentencesusingan“it”structure.3.Mostpeoplebelievesmokingcausescancer.

Itisbelieved_________________________4.Don’ttrytoquitonastressfulday.

Itisnouse___________________________tryingtoquitonastressfulday.thatsmokingcausescancer.Itisuseless/nouse/gooddoing…做…是徒劳的Itisawasteoftimedoing...做...是浪费时间It's（well）worthdoing…It's（well）worthwhiledoing/todoItwasadarkandstormynightwhentheoldmanstartedhisjourney.Inthissentence,“it”isusedtotalkabouttime.“It”canbeusedinanotherway?Inthissentence,whatdoes“it”referto?

Itisabeautifulday.2.Itneverrainsbutitpours.Here“it”referstoweather.Lookatthesentencesandthinkabouttheway“it”isused.3.Itwastimetoquitesmoking.Here“it”referstotime.4.Itis10kilometerstothecastle.Here“it”referstodistance.5.Ittakesallsorts.

世上的人形形色色，无奇不有。模糊的指代一般情形，或上下文可以了解的事物。“It”canbeusedtotalkabout________,_____,________,etc.

Itisabeautifulday.2.Itneverrainsbutitpours.3.Itwastimetoquitesmoking.4.Itis10kilometerstothecastle.5.Ittakesallsorts.weathertimedistanceImpersonal“it”canalsobeusedtotalkabout____,______,____________,_____________,etc.circumstance1.

ItisFridaytoday.2.

ItliesinthesouthofShaoguancity.3.

It

is40℃!Yougotahighfever!4.It’squiethere.dateplacetemperature1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Xi’anis

a

beautiful

city,isn’t

it?I'msendingyousomeadvice.Itmighthelpyou.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Isthisyourdog？No,itisn’t.it作人称代词3.用以代替指示代词this,that.What'sthis/that?It'satulip.

—Whoisknockingatthedoor？

—It’sme.—Whocanitbe?__ItmustbeMr.Guo.1.

Itwasverycoldyesterday.2.

Itisabout8:30now.3.

Itisabout5kmfrommyhometothepark.4.It’squitenoisyhere.5.Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.circumstanceweathertimedistanceweatherWhatis“it”usedtotalkabout?2.…+verb+it+adj./n.+infinite/clause/-ingformWemake

it

aruletotaketurnstocook.Iconsider

it

anhonorforhimtospeakhere.find,think,feel,believe,consider,make,etc.“136”It+is+adj./n./p.p.+infinite/clause/-ingformIthappens(seems,appears)that...Itisnowonderthat…Itremainstobeseenwhetheritwilldousharmorgood.It作形式宾语的特殊句型：1.Like,love,dislike,hate,enjoy,appreciate,seeto(确保，务必),count/dependon(指望，依靠),先加形式宾语it,再加宾语从句。IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinEnglishonthephone.Youcandependonitthathewillhelpus.2.takeitforgrantedthat....认为...理所当然Don'ttakeitforgrantedthattheywillsupportyou不要想当然地认为他们会支持你。3.keepitinmindthat.....Ihate______whenpeopletalkwiththeirmouthsfull.A.itB.thatC.theseD.themAit的用法

it，单数，特指，相当于“the+单数/不可数名词”；与所指代名词属同类同一个Ilikethishousewithabeautifulgardeninfront,butIdon’thaveenoughmoneytobuy______.

A.one

B.it

C.this

D.that

one的用法

one，单数，泛指，相当于“a/an+单数名词”，与前面所指代名词属同类但不是同一个，指同一类中的一个。one可以根据语义在它的前面或后面加上一些定语

Ihaven’tapen,canyoulendmeone?

Ihopethereareenoughbooksforeachchildtohave______.

A.it

B.those

C.them

D.oneDBtheone的用法

theone,单数，特指，相当于“the+单数名词”，与所指代名词属同类，但不是同一个，具体哪个往往由其后面的定语决定。

例如：

Thereare35000nightclubsinTokyo,andyoudon’toftensee_____thatisempty.

A.it

B.that

C.one

D.theone

空白处需一代词指代前面的nightclub.因其后置定语thatisempty可知所需代词为单数，特指，与前所指代名词同类但不同一，故排除A、C。that虽可指代单数可数名词，也表特指，但其后定语多为of-短语，故排除，因此答案为D(theone)。that的用法

that,

特指，单数，相当于“the+单数可数/不可数名词”，与所指代名词同类，但不同一个，that可以根据语义在它的后面加上一些定语，多数是of短语；它的前面不能存在任何定语。

Myseatwasnextto_______oftheteacher.

A.one

B.it

C.that

D.seat答案为C(that)。又如：

Nineintenparentssaidthereweresignificantdifferencesintheirapproachtoeducatingtheirchildrencomparedwith_______oftheirparents.

A.those

B.one

C.both

D.that

空白处需一代词代前面名词approach,单数，故排除A、C。因有后置定语oftheirparents,特指，故排除B。答案为D(that)。it的用法(二)it在强调句型中的用法

观察下面几组句子中it的用法,然后加以总结。1.【语境展示】

a.Itwascholerathatkilledhim.b.ItwasIristhat/whofoundhimthere.c.It's

Lawrence

that

/who

/whomyoushouldbetalkingto.d.Itwasthreeweekslaterthatheheardthenews.【归纳】强调句型的基本结构是：Itis/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子的其余部分，被强调部分指人时，用who(强调宾语也可用whom)或that，指事物时用_____。that2.【语境展示】

a.Wasitinthisyearthatthewarbrokeout?b.Isit

Tracy

that/whomyouarelookingfor?

【归纳】强调句型的一般疑问句形式是：Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who/whom+句子的其余部分。3.【语境展示】

a.Whyisitthateveryonethinksheisselfish?b.Whatwasitthattheyfoughtfor?

【归纳】强调句型的特殊疑问句形式是：

________+is/wasitthat+句子的其余部分。疑问词4.【语境展示】

a.ItwasbecauseIwantedtobuyadictionarythatIwenttotownyesterday.b.Itiswhathesaidjustnowthatmakesmeangry.

【归纳】强调句型也可强调状语从句、名词性从句等。5.【语境展示】

a.Itmustbeyourmotherthat

/who

/whomyouarethinkingof.b.Itmightbemytwosistersthat/whoknowherbest.

【归纳】

在强调结构中，be前可使用表示推测的情态动词。6.【语境展示】

a.Itisnotuntiltheendoftheyearthatthetrafficlawswilltakeeffect.b.Itwasnotuntilhewasthirtythathestartedtopaint.

【归纳】

not...until

句型的强调句的形式是：

Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+句子的其余部分。1.Peterlentusthemoney.2.Theywantmoney.3.AllthishappenedonMonday.ItwasPeterwholentusthemoney.Itismoneythattheywant.ItwasonMondaythatallthishappened.根据划线部分把下列句子变成强调句。4.Ididn’thearfromheruntillast

summer.5.WhydoeseveryonethinkIamnarrow-minded?ItwasnotuntillastsummerthatIheardfromher.WhyisitthateveryonethinksIamnarrow-minded?Thankyou.将下面句子转换为含it的句子。1.Thedistancefromheretothepostofficeis10kilometres._____________________________________2.Tryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinamoodisawasteoftime.______________________________________________________________________

Itis10kilometresfromheretothepostoffice.Itisawasteoftimetryingtotalktoherwhenshe’sinamood.3.Thetimeforhimtogotobedhascomenow.__________________________________________________________________________4.10yearshaspassedsincethefamilysettleddowninthisvillage.__________________________________________________________________________Itistimeforhimtogotobed./Itistimethathewenttobed.Itis/hasbeen10yearssincethefamilysettleddowninthisvillage.5.Chinaproducesonethirdoftheworld’scigarettes.

Itisastonishing____________________________________________________6