2013年江苏省高考英语试卷2

2013年江苏省高考英语试卷解析版参考答案与试题解析第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时,先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。1．（1.5分）Whatdoesthemanwanttodo？A．TakephotosB．BuyacameraC．Helpthewoman．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略2．（1.5分）Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout？A．Anoisynight．B．Theirlifeintown．C．Aplaceofliving．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．（1.5分）Whereisthemannow？A．onhiswayB．InarestaurantC．Athome．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略4．（1.5分）WhatwillCeliado？A．Findaplayer．B．Watchagame．C．Playbasketball．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略5．（1.5分）Whatdayisitwhentheconversationtakesplace？A．Saturday．B．Sunday．C．Monday．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】B【点评】略6．（3分）听第6段材料，回答第6、7题．6．WhatisSaragoingtodo？A．BuyJohnagift．B．GiveJohnasurprise．C．InviteJohntoFrance．7．WhatdoesthemanthinkofSara'splan？A．Funny．B．Exciting．C．Strange．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BB【点评】略7．（3分）听第7段材料，回答第8、9题．8．WhydoesDianasaysorrytoPeter？A．Shehastogiveuphertravelplan．B．Shewantstovisitanothercity．C．Sheneedstoputoffhertest．9．WhatdoesDianawantPetertodo？A．Helpherwithherstudy．B．Takeabooktoherfriend．C．Teachageographylesson．【考点】15：短对话理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略8．（4.5分）听第8段材料，回答第10至12题．10．Whydoesthemancallthewoman？A．Totellherabouthernewjob．B．Toaskaboutherjobprogram．C．Toplanameetingwithher．11．Whoneedsanewflat？A．Alex．B．Andrea．C．Miranda．12．Whereisthewomannow？A．InBaltimore．B．InNewYork．C．InAvon．【考点】16：长对话理解．【分析】略【解答】BBB【点评】略9．（6分）（1）WhatdoesJanconsidermostimportantwhenhejudgesarestaurant？A．Wheretherestaurantis．B．Whetherthepricesarelow．C．Howwellthefoodisprepared．（2）WhendidJanbegintowriteforamagazine？A．AfterhecamebacktoSweden．B．BeforehewenttotheUnitedStates．C．Assoonashegothisfirstjobin1982．（3）WhatmayJandotofindagoodrestaurant？A．Talktopeopleinthestreet．B．Speaktotaxidrivers．C．Askhotelclerks．（4）WhatdoweknowaboutJan？A．Hecooksforarestaurant．B．Hetravelsalotforhiswork．C．HeprefersAmericanfood．【考点】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略10．（6分）听第10段材料，回答第17至20题．17．WhatdoweknowaboutthePlazaLeon？A．It'sanewbuilding．B．It'sasmalltown．C．It'sapublicplace．18．WhendoParentsandchildrenlikegoingtothePlazaLeon？A．Saturdaynights．B．Sundayafternoons．C．FridaysandSaturdays．19．WhydoesthespeakerlikeHoratioStreetbest？A．ViadelMarStreet．B．FernmandoStreet．C．HermandesStreet．20．WhydoestheSpeakerlikeHoratioStreetbest？A．Ithasanoldstonesurface．B．Itisnamedafterawriter．C．Ithasfamousuniversity．【考点】17：短文理解．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．11．（1分）Generally，students'innermotivationwithhighexpectationsfromothers______essentialtotheirdevelopment．（）A．is B．are C．was D．were【考点】AE：动词的辨析．【分析】一般说来，别人对其期望值高的学生，他们的内在动机对自身的发展是至关重要的【解答】答案：A题干中主语是motivation，谓语动词要用单数；句意表达的是客观事实，要用一般现在时态．故选A．【点评】动词短语是一个比较难的语言点，搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．尤其是相似或相近的用法，要注意区分和掌握．12．（1分）﹣TheT﹣shirtIreceivedisnotthesameasisshownonline．﹣________？ButIpromiseyouwe'lllookintoitrightaway．（）A．Whosays B．Howe C．Whatfor D．Whyworry【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣﹣我收到的体血衫与网上所展示的（图片）不同．﹣﹣﹣怎么会这样呢？但是我承诺/答应你我们将立即调查这件事．【解答】答案B．A项"谁说的"；C项"为何？"；D项"为何忧伤"；B项"怎么会这样呢"；根据答句中"ButIpromiseyouwe'lllookintoitrightaway"提示可知，说话者对对方所说的事（收到的体血衫与网上所展示的图片不同）也感到难以置信，表示要调查此事．因此B项符合语境，故选B．【点评】本题考查情景交际．解答此类题目首先应该读懂句意，分析上下文语境和逻辑关系．其次对每个选项中的交际用语的适用情况要掌握，根据语境锁定正确答案．关键平时学习中要对交际用语多积累多总结反复记忆．13．（1分）﹣Thetownissobeautiful!Ijustloveit．﹣Metoo．Thecharacterofthetowniswell．（）A．qualified B．preserved C．decorated D．simplified【考点】AE：动词的辨析．【分析】﹣小镇多漂亮啊！我喜欢．﹣我也是．小镇的特点要保留好．【解答】答案：Bqualify合格；preserve保存，保留；decorate装点，装饰；simplify简化．句意表达的是保存好选择的特点，故选B．【点评】动词短语是一个比较难的语言点，搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．尤其是相似或相近的用法，要注意区分和掌握．14．（1分）LionelMessi，________therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear，isconsideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope．（）A．set B．setting C．toset D．havingset【考点】B2：现在分词的完成式．【分析】尼奥内尔．梅西，创造了年度进球最多的记录，被认为是欧洲最有天赋的足球员．【解答】答案：D题干中settherecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear是作Messi的后置定语，两者构成主动关系，要用现在分词；句意表达的set动作发生在consider之前，要用分词的完成式．故选D．【点评】现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，表达主动或进行；过去分词表达被动或完成；动词不定式表达未发生的动作．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．15．（1分）﹣CouldIuseyourcartomorrowmorning？﹣Sure．I_______areportathome．（）A．willbewriting B．willhavewritten C．havewritten D．havebeenwriting【考点】E7：将来进行时．【分析】﹣﹣明天上午我可以用一下你的车吗？﹣﹣可以．明天上午我会在写报告．【解答】答案：A．结合句意"明天上午我会在写报告"可知，答语强调的是明天上午自己在干的事情，所以用将来进行时．故选A．【点评】将来进行时的标志就是表达将来的某个时间正在发生或者进行的动作，结合句意或者时间状语即可做出正确选择．16．（1分）IamalwaysdelightedwhenIreceiveanemailfromyou．．ThepartyonJuly1stIshallbepleasedtoattend．（）A．Onaccountof B．Inresponseto C．Inviewof D．Withregardto【考点】8B：介词短语．【分析】每当我收到你的邮件我都很开心．关于七月一号的聚会，我很乐意参加．【解答】答案：D本题考查短语辨析．onaccountof由于；inresponseto对…作出回应；inviewof鉴于；withregardto关于．句意表达的是：电子邮件中提到的关于聚会的事．故选：D．【点评】介词短语搭配较多，用法灵活．学习时，要注意积累．对那些相似短语要注意区分和掌握．17．（1分）"Neverforasecond，"theboysays，"________thatmyfatherwouldetomyrescue"．（）A．Idoubted B．doIdoubt C．Ihavedoubted D．didIdoubt【考点】GB：倒装句．【分析】这个男孩说：男孩说他一刻也没怀疑过他父亲会来救他．【解答】答案为D当否定副词或具有否定含义的短语置于句首时，句子常用部分倒装．故本题要用部分倒装．再根据wouldeto…可知，是在讲过去发生的事，故用过去时．故选D．【点评】部分倒装，部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前．如果句中没有谓语，就用助动词或情态动词．否定意义的词放句首用部分倒装英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有：1．含否定意义的词（如never，hardly，seldom，little，few，notuntil，not，notonly，nosooner，nolonger，nowhere，bynomeans等）置于句首时，其后用部分倒装．如：NeverhaveIseenreadsuchabook．我从未读过那样的书．2．only加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装．如：Onlyinthiswaycanyoudoitwell．只有这样你才能做好．3．so/neither/nor表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用"so/neither/nor+助动词+主语"这样的倒装句式．如：HecansingEnglishsongsandsocanI．他会唱英语歌，我也会．4．当虚拟条件句含有were，should，had时，可省略if，将were，should，had置于句首．如：WereITom（＝IfIwereTom），Iwouldrefuse．如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝．5．so…that结构中，将so+adj．/adv．置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序．如：Socoldwastheweatherthatwehadtostayathome．天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里．18．（1分）Intheglobaleconomy，anewdrugforcancer，itisdiscovered，willcreatemanyeconomicpossibilitiesaroundtheworld．（）A．whatever B．whoever C．wherever D．whichever【考点】92：从属连词．【分析】在全球经济环境下，一种治癌新药，无论在什么地方被发现，都会给世界上创造出很多经济发展的可能性．【解答】答案：C题干中itisdiscovered是一个完整的句子，要用连接副词，whatever，whoever，whichever都是连接代词，要充当从句的主语或宾语．故选：C．【点评】连词用来连接从句．按照类型可分为：从属连词，连接代词，连接副词．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．19．（1分）Teamleadersmustensurethatallmemberstheirnaturaldesiretoavoidtheembarrassmentassociatedwithmakingmistakes．（）A．getover B．lookover C．takeover D．eover【考点】A9：动词短语．【分析】团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望﹣﹣以避免犯错所带来的尴尬．【解答】答案：A．getover克服；恢复；熬过；lookover查看；仔细检查；takeover接收，接管；eover过来，来访．根据句意"团队领导者必须确保所有成员克服他们发自内心的渴望﹣﹣想要避免犯错所带来的尴尬．"可知，A项为正确答案．【点评】本题考查的是动词短语，要熟悉选项中短语的意思，并结合具体的语境选择出正确选项．20．（1分）IshouldnothavelaughedifIyouwereserious．（）A．thought B．wouldthink C．hadthought D．havethought【考点】GJ：虚拟语气．【分析】如果我认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了．【解答】答案：C根据句意可知，本句是虚拟条件句．由于主句使用了should+have+done的形式，因此这里应表示与过去事实相反的假设，故if从句应使用过去完成时（had+done）；故选：C．【点评】本题考查了虚拟条件句的用法．做本题时，需要掌握：当虚拟条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设时，主句使用should（not）+have+done的形式，从句应使用过去完成时．21．（1分）Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruins，thecitytookonanewlook．（）A．reducing B．reduced C．beingreduced D．havingreduced【考点】B1：现在分词的被动式．【分析】在遭受大地震沦为废墟后不久，这座城市就呈现出新的面貌．【解答】答案：C短语搭配，bereducedtoruins表示"被…沦为废墟"；句中bereducedtoruins是和sufferingfrom并列，同时作介词after的宾语，要用动词的ing形式．故选：C．【点评】现在分词是非谓语动词的一种，表达主动或进行；过去分词表达被动或完成；动词不定式表达未发生的动作．学习时，要注意区分和掌握．22．（1分）ThepresidentoftheWorldBanksayshehasapassionforChina，______heremembersstartingasearlyashischildhood．（）A．where B．when C．what D．which【考点】59：关系代词；H2：非限制性定语从句．【分析】世界银行的总裁说他对中国有感情，他还记得早在童年时他就开始了这种深厚的感情．【解答】答案D．逗号之前主句，逗号是非限制性定语从句，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代passion，并与starringasearlyas…一起构成动名词复合结构在定语从句中remember的宾语．从句可还原为：Heremembersthepassionstarringasearly…．A和B两项在定语从句中作状语．C项不引导定语从句，故选D项．【点评】本题考查非限制性定语从句．解答此类题目首先要分析句子结构，非限制性定语从句中逗号是一个明显的标志，然后分析非限制性定语从句中的成分，如果缺成分用关系代词，如果不缺成分用关系副词．23．（1分）Withinspirationfromotherfoodcultures，Americanfoodculturecantakeaforthebetter．（）A．share B．chance C．turn D．lead【考点】35：名词的词义辨析．【分析】有了其它饮食文化的启发，美国的饮食文化开始朝着好的方向发展．【解答】答案：Ctakeaturnforthebetter好转，柳暗花明；其反义结构是takeaturnfortheworse恶化，急转直下．故选C．【点评】名词的词义辨析是常考题型．平时学习时要注意积累，特别是近义短语和固定搭配，要注意区分和掌握．24．（1分）﹣Whataboutyourself﹣drivetripyesterday？﹣Tiring!Theroadisbeingwidened，andwe_________aroughride．（）A．had B．have C．wouldhave D．havehad【考点】E2：一般过去时．【分析】﹣﹣你昨天的自驾游怎么样？﹣﹣太累了！路正在加宽，我们一路很颠簸．【解答】答案：A根据对话的语境可知，是在谈论昨天的自驾游，要用一般过去式．故选A项．【点评】考查一般过去式．要根据语境或时间状语判断，然后再记住这种时态的句式结构．25．（1分）﹣Thankyoufortheflowers．﹣Ithoughttheymightcheeryouup．（）A．That'sright B．Allright C．Imallright D．It'sallright【考点】JI：语言交际．【分析】﹣﹣谢谢你的花．﹣﹣别客气．我认为他们可能会让你心情好起来的．【解答】答案：D．That'sright那是对的．Allright好吧，I'mallright我很好．It'sallright不用谢，别客气．Thankyou的答语是It'sallright．故选D．【点评】对于交际用语要分析句子的具体语境，搞明白前后之间的逻辑关系．四、标题26．（20分）IusedtobelieveintheAmericanDream，whichmeantajob，amortgage（按揭），creditcards，success．Iwanteditandworkedtowarditlikeeveryoneelse，allofus（36）Achasingthesamething．Oneyear，throughaseriesofunhappyevents，itallfell（37）B．Ifoundmyselfhomelessandalone．Ihadmytruckand$56．I（38）DthecountrysideforsomeplaceIcouldrentforthe（39）Dpossibleamount．Icameuponashabbyhousefourmilesupawindingmountainroad（40）CthePotomacRiverinWestVirginia．Itwas（41）B，fullofbrokenglassandrubbish．Ifoundtheowner，rentedit，and（42）Cacornertocampin．Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme，（43）Aslowly，theystartedteachingmethe（44）Dofbeinganeighbor．Theydroppedoffblankets，candles，andtools，andbegan（45）Aaroundtochat．Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina（46）CAmericanDream﹣nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof（47）A．WhatIhadbelievedin，allthosethingsIthoughtwere（48）Dforacivilizedlife，werenonexistentinthisplace．（49）Aonthemountain，mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy（50）Bwithmyneighbors．Fouryearslater，Imovedbackinto（51）C．Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime，（52）Btheirjobsandhomes．Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto（53）Cahandfulofpeople．Therearefourofusnowinthehouse，butovertimeI'vehadninepeopleeinandmoveontootherplaces．We'dallbein（54）Bifwehadn'tbandedtogether．TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone．It'snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself；it'sabout（55）Dwecanallgetbytogether．36．A．separatelyB．equallyC．violentlyD．naturally37．A．offB．apartC．overD．out38．A．crossedB．leftC．touredD．searched39．A．fullestB．largestC．fairestD．cheapest40．A．atB．throughC．overD．round41．A．occupiedB．abandonedC．emptiedD．robbed42．A．turnedB．approachedC．clearedD．cut43．A．butB．althoughC．otherwiseD．for44．A．benefitB．lessonC．natureD．art45．A．stickingB．lookingC．swingingD．turning46．A．wildB．realC．differentD．remote47．A．neighborlinessB．happinessC．friendlinessD．kindness48．A．uniqueB．expensiveC．rareD．necessary49．A．UpB．DownC．DeepD．Along50．A．cooperationB．relationshipsC．satisfactionD．appointments51．A．realityB．societyC．townD．life52．A．creatingB．losingC．quittingD．offering53．A．putinB．turninC．takeinD．getin54．A．yardsB．sheltersC．campsD．cottages55．A．whenB．whatC．whetherD．how．【考点】M6：人生感悟类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，在困境中来到乡下，在邻里之间的帮助下，我的思想转变了：美国梦是一个共享的梦．【解答】36．A考查副词的词义辨析．所有的人都各自地追逐着同样的东西．separately各自地，分别地，符合题意．而equally平等地，violently猛烈地，暴力地，naturally自然地，皆不合题意．37．B动词短语辨析．由不好的事及下文我独自一人无家可归，可知一切都失败了．fallapart崩溃，失败，符合题意．38．D动词词义辨析．我在乡下搜索寻找一个可以租的地方．search…for…搜索某一范围找某个东西，符合题意．39．D形容词词义辨析．由上文我只有56美元，可知是找一个最便宜的出租地，故选D项．40．C考查上下文理解与推测．在河流的上方用over．41．B考查上下文理解与推测，充满破玻璃和垃圾，可知是一个废弃的地方．abandoned废弃的，遗弃的，符合题意．occupied忙碌的，被占的．42．C由上文房子充满破玻璃和垃圾，所以，要先清理出一个角落才能入住．clear清理，符合题意．43．A上句当地人不认识我，下句他们开始教给我，之间是转折关系，用but连接两个并列分句．44．D由下文"邻居们放下毯子，蜡烛，工具"等等，可知这是作邻居的艺术，故选D项．45．A邻居们放下东西，停下来聊天．stickaround停留，逗留，符合题意．46．C考查上下文理解与推测．由下文"不是个人的成就，而是…"与我原本以为的完全不同，故选C项．47．A考查上下文理解与推测．由上文可知，作者感动的是邻里之间的和睦关系，故选A项．neighborliness睦邻，亲近，和睦，符合题意．48．D原本我认为对于城市生活必需的东西，故选D项．49．A由上文信息他的房子是在fourmilesupawindingmountainroad可知这里的人们是住在山上，故选A项．50．B由上文12空处，可以看出，我最珍贵的财产就是我与邻居们的关系．故选B项．51．C考查上下文理解与推测．由moveback搬回，可知又回到镇上，故选C项．52．B由下文我租了房子给人住，可以知道很多人失去了工作和房子，选losing．53．C我租了足够大的房子收留一些人，takein收留，留宿，符合题意．putin输入，turnin上交，getin收割，皆不合题意．54．B如果我们不联合起来，我们全都要住在收容所里．shelter收留所，遮蔽处，符合题意．55．Dabout后面的从句不缺主语、宾语、表语，因此不选what；也没有是否（whether）的意思；也没涉及时间（when）问题，因此只能选how．【点评】完形填空是考查语言的应用能力．解题时在理解文章大意的情况下，要充分考虑语境和上下文暗示．对于故事类的文章，因为情节性较强，要特别留心．第三部分:阅读理解(共4小题;每小题4分,满分30分)请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。27．（4分）56．TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark'sDA．advancedmanagementB．thrillperformancesC．entertainmentfacilitiesD．thoughtfulservices57．AvisitortotheParkcanBA．rentastrolleroutsideFrontGateB．askforfirstaidbyThunderRunC．smokeintheWaterParkD．leavehispetatKidZville．【考点】O3：广告布告类阅读．【分析】本文是一篇说明文，题材是加拿大游乐园的旅游指导宣传页．作者通过游客服务、饮食选择、ATM机服务、宠物的照料、急救、婴儿车、储物柜和轮椅的租用及吸烟的规定等方面为游客的旅游进行全方面的指导服务．【解答】56．D细节理解题．从文章中的关键信息"GuestServices""Food&DrinkOptions""ATMs""PetCare""FirstAid""Stroller，LockerandWheelchairRentals""SmokingPolicy"可知，这个宣传单的目的是告知游客们有关Canada'sWonderland公园提供的体贴周到的服务信息．所以选D项．57．B细节理解题．从"FirstAid"中的"tellanyparkemployeewhowillcallFirstAidandhavethemetoyourlocation"可知，如果游客需要急救的话，他们可以让公园工作人员叫医务人员过来．所以选B项．【点评】解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．28．（6分）We'veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline：hiringlinestanders，buyingticketsfromscalpers（票贩子），orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom，say，anairlineoranamusementpark．Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue（waitingyourturn）withthemoralsofthemarket（payingapriceforfasterservice）．Marketsandqueues﹣payingandwaiting﹣aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings，andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities．Themoralsofthequeue，"Firste，firstserved，"haveanegalitarian（平等主义的）appeal．Theytellustoignoreprivilege，power，anddeeppockets．Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops．Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions．IfIputmyhouseupforsale，Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatesalong，simplybecauseit'sthefirst．Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities，properlygovernedbydifferentstandards．Sometimesstandardschange，anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply．Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear，playedoverandover，asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank："Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived．"Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue．It'sasifthepanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness．Butdon'ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously．Today，somepeople'scallsareansweredfasterthanothers．Callcentertechnologyenablespaniesto"score"iningcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatefromrichplaces．Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping．Ofcourse，marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings．Somegoodswedistributebymerit，othersbyneed，stillothersbychance．However，thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues，andothernon﹣marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissomoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore．Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue﹣jumpingschemeswe'veconsidered﹣atairportsandamusementparks，incallcenters，doctors'offices，andnationalparks﹣arerecentdevelopments，scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago．Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern，butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered．58．Accordingtotheauthor，whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple"Firste，firstserved"？AA．Takingbuses．B．Buyinghouses．C．Flyingwithanairline．D．Visitingamusementparks．59．TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates．CA．thenecessityofpatienceinqueuingB．theadvantageofmoderntechnologyC．theuncertaintyofallocationprincipleD．thefairnessoftelephonicservices60．ThepassageismeanttoB．A．justifypayingforfasterservicesB．discussthemoralsofallocatingthingsC．analyzethereasonforstandinginlineD．criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping．【考点】O7：政治经济类阅读．【分析】本文是议论文，是作者对分配事情的道德标准的见解，提到了以下几点内容：1．额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候是分配事情所采取的两种不同方式，他们适用于不同的场合；2．排队等候原则在运动场上和车站似乎是对的，但也不是说所有场合都适用，有时候标准是会变的；3．对待各种场合的录音信息不要太认真，有时候公司会利用呼叫中心给某些人优先权；4．额外付款得到更快服务和排队等候并不是分配事情所采取的固定方式，可是现在额外付款得到更快服务的方式有取代排队等候和其它的分配方式的趋势，这排队原则的逐渐消失令人担忧．【解答】58．A细节理解题，根据第二段Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops．Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities，properlygovernedbydifferentstandards．可知卖房和等公交车是受不同标准的制约，等公交车是先到先得，而卖房则不同，故选A．59．C推理判断题，根据第四段Sometimesstandardschange，anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply．以及第五段Butdon'ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously．可知适用规则的不确定性以及不要太把这个事例当故事，故选C．60．B主旨大意题，根据第六段Ofcourse，marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings．可知本文主要讲述了对分配事务的道德问题的探讨，故选B．【点评】考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力．做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择．在做推理判断题时不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．29．（8分）Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends．Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure．Theconsequence，ifthebubbles（气泡）accumulateinajoint，issharppainandabentbody﹣thusthename．Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain，theconsequencecanbedeath．Otherair﹣breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdepression（减压）sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast：whales，forexample．Andso，longago，didichthyosaurs．Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones．Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply．Thiskillsthecellsinthebone，andconsequentlyweakensit，sometimestothepointofcollapse．Fossil（化石）bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends．BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast．Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdepressionoverthe150millionyears．Tothisend，heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld'snatural﹣historymuseums，lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods．Whenhestarted，heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils，reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdepression．Instead，hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite．Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied，butnotasingleTriassicspecimen（标本）showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury．Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti﹣depressionmeans，theyclearlydidsoquickly﹣and，moststrangely，theylostitafterwards．ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened．Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange．Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator（捕食动物）suchasalargeshark．OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles，bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches．Triassicoceans，bycontrast，weremercifullyshark﹣andcrocodile﹣free．IntheTriassic，then，ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain．IntheJurassicandCretaceous，theywereprey（猎物）aswellaspredator﹣andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult．61．Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends？AA．Atwistedbody．B．Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply．C．Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood．D．Adropinbloodpressure．62．ThepurposeofRothschild'sstudyistoseeB．A．howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebendsB．howichthyosaursadaptedtodepressionC．whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodiesD．whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones63．Rothschild'sfindingstatedinParagraph4C．A．confirmedhisassumptionB．speededuphisresearchprocessC．disagreedwithhisassumptionD．changedhisresearchobjectives64．RothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaursA．A．failedtoevolveanantidepressionmeansB．graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebendsC．diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodilesD．evolvedanantidepressionmeansbutsoonlostit．【考点】OA：健康环保类阅读．【分析】本文属于科普说明文，主要向我们讲述了鱼龙的身体弯曲的原因以及结果．罗斯柴尔德博士通过实验推翻了以前关于鱼龙进化的一些猜测．【解答】61．A细节理解题．根据第一段Ifadiversurfacestooquickly，hemaysufferthebends．Nitrogen（氮）dissolved（溶解）inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure．可知潜水员如果露出水面太快身体会弯曲，故选A．62．B推理判断题．根据第三段tofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast和toinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdepression可知罗斯柴尔德博士的研究目的是为了探讨鱼龙如何适应减压的问题，故选B．63．C推理判断题．根据第四段heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils，接下来又说Instead，hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite．可知，他开始时所认为的与实验得出的结论不符，因此说他的实验结果和他开始的预测相反，故选C．64．A推理判断题．根据第四段Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti﹣depressionmeans…ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened．可知，罗斯柴尔德博士并不认可鱼龙的抗溶解进化途径．因此A正确；误解分析：B项文章中没有提及；文章只是说theyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator，并不是说鱼龙的灭绝是鲨鱼造成的，因此C错；D项与罗斯柴尔德博士的看法正好相反；故选A．【点评】做阅读理解时要快速的浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意，带着问题回到原文，寻找细节或概括相应的答案，最后要理清作者写作思路．30．（12分）MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel．Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise：themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism．Isaycleverbecauseanti﹣slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar．H．B．Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample．Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery．Withminorexceptions，Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely．Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory．Againandagain，inthepostwaryears，Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace．Considerthemostcontroversial，atleasttoday，ofTwain'snovels，AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn．OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn，Twain'smostwidelyreadtale．Onceuponatime，peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude．Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel"trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums（贫民窟）．"MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim，theescapedslave，andmanyoccurrencesofthewordnigger．（ThetermNiggerJim，forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized，neverappearsinit．）Buttheattackswereandaresilly﹣andmissthepoint．Thenovelisstronglyanti﹣slavery．Jim'ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic．AsJ．Chadwickhaspointedout，thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction﹣arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities，"thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual：Jim，thefatherandtheman．"Thereismuchmore．Twain'smysterynovelPudd'nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday．WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior（低等的）towhites，especiallyinintelligence，Twain'stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth．Aslavegavebirthtohermaster'sbabyand，forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth，switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife．Theslave'slight﹣skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave﹣holdingclass．Themaster'swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave．Thepointwasdifficulttomiss：nurture（养育），notnature，wasthekeytosocialstatus．Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice﹣mannerofspeech，forexample﹣were，toTwain，indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims．Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect．Oneisleftuneasy，forexample，bythelengthypassageinhisautobiography（自传）abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled"niggershows"inhisyouth﹣mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack﹣face﹣andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem．YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality．Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot．WasTwainaracist？Askingthequestioningthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln．Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe"wisdom"oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent，wewillfindnothingbuterror．Lincoln，whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite，foughtandwonawartofreehim．AndTwain，raisedinaslavestate，brieflyasoldier，andinventorofJim，mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury．65．HowdoTwain'snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowes？BA．Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism．B．Twain'sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen．C．Twain'sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots．D．Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism．66．RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromitsD．A．targetreadersatthebottomB．antislaveryattitudeC．ratherimpolitelanguageD．frequentuseof"nigger"67．WhatbestprovesTwain'santislaverystandaccordingtotheauthor？CA．Jim'ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail．B．Theslave'svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels．C．Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture．D．Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent．68．ThestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthatC．A．slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersB．slavesbabiescouldpickupslaveholders‵wayofspeakingC．blacks‵socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupD．blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice69．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"they"inParagraph7refertoD？A．Theattacks．B．Slaveryandprejudice．C．Whitemen．D．Theshows．70．Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor？AA．Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism．B．TwainwasanadmirablefigureparabletoAbrahamLincoln．C．Twain'sworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds．D．Twainsworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointofview．【考点】OD：文学艺术类阅读．【分析】本篇为说明文，谈到马克•吐温的小说是不是对奴隶制和种族偏见进行了抨击，以及它们受到了不同人士的批评的情况．【解答】65．B．推理判断题．由第二段的…Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely．可知，马克•吐温的小说表面上完全是谈其他事情，而实际上故事中植入了对