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Mobi
leInfrastructureRepor
t
2023November
2023Acknowledgmentof
countryTheACCCacknowledgesthetraditionalownersandcustodiansof
CountrythroughoutAustralia
andrecognisestheircontinuingconnectionto
theland,seaandcommunity.We
payourrespectsto
themandtheircultures;andto
theirElderspast,presentandfuture.Australian
Competition
and
Consumer
CommissionLand
ofthe
Ngunnawal
people23
Marcus
Clarke
Street,
Canberra,
Australian
CapitalTerritory,2601©CommonwealthofAustralia
2023This
workiscopyright.
In
additiontoanyuse
permitted
under
the
Copyright
Act
1968,all
material
contained
within
this
workisprovided
underaCreative
Commons
Attribution
4.0
Australia
licence,
with
the
exception
of:the
Commonwealth
CoatofArmsthe
ACCC
and
AER
logosanyillustration,
diagram,
photograph
or
graphic
over
which
the
Australian
Competition
and
Consumer
Commission
does
not
hold
copyright,
butwhichmaybe
part
ofor
contained
within
this
publication.The
detailsofthe
relevant
licence
conditions
are
available
on
the
Creative
Commons
website,asisthe
full
legal
code
forthe
CC
BY
4.0
AU
licence.Requests
and
inquiries
concerning
reproduction
and
rights
should
be
addressedtotheDirector,Corporate
Communications,
ACCC,
GPO
Box3131,Canberra
ACT2601.Important
noticeThe
information
in
this
publicationisforgeneral
guidanceonly.It
does
not
constitute
legal
or
other
professional
advice,
and
should
not
be
reliedon
asastatementofthelawinanyjurisdiction.
Because
it
isintended
onlyasageneral
guide,
it
maycontain
generalisations.You
should
obtainprofessional
advice
if
youhaveanyspecific
concern.The
ACCC
has
made
every
reasonable
effort
toprovide
current
and
accurate
information,
but
it
does
notmakeanyguarantees
regarding
theaccuracy,
currency
or
completenessofthat
information.Parties
who
wishtore-publish
or
otherwise
use
the
information
in
this
publication
must
check
this
informationforcurrency
and
accuracy
priortopublication.
This
should
be
done
priortoeach
publication
edition,asACCC
guidance
and
relevant
transitional
legislation
frequently
change.
Anyqueries
parties
haveshould
be
addressedtotheDirector,Corporate
Communications,
ACCC,
GPO
Box3131,
Canberra
ACT2601.ACCC
11/23_23_74.auiiACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
2023Contents1.Overview11.1Telstra
continuesto
have
themostmobilesites
withsignificantdominanceinregionalandremote
areas1121.21.31.4Transition
away
from3Gnetworkscontinues5Groll
outgatheringpaceDifferencebetweenoutdoorcoverageandexternalantenna
coveragecouldbesignificant22.3.Background3Mobilesiteanalysis563.1Total
numberof
sites3.23.33.43.53.63.73.83.93.103.113.123Gsites74G
sites95Gsites111314161719202122NewsitesCo-fundedsitesDecommissionedsitesCo-locatedsitesTypes
of
spectrumdeployed3Gsites
–
spectrumdeployed4G
sites
–
spectrumdeployed5Gsites
–
spectrumdeployed4.Mobilecoverageanalysis242527293133344.14.24.34.44.54.6Optus–
3GgeographiccoverageOptus–
4G
geographiccoverageTelstra
–
3GgeographiccoverageTelstra
–
4G
geographiccoverageTPG–
3GgeographiccoverageTPG–
4G
geographiccoverageiiiACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
20231.
Over
v
iew1.1
Telstra
continues
to
have
the
most
mobile
siteswith
significant
dominance
in
regional
andremote
areasAsat
31
January
2023,
Telstra
hadthemostmobilesites
with11,302
sites
inoperationfollowed
byOptus(8,821)
andTPG
(5,769).
Telstra
hadthegreatest
increaseinmobilesites,up300
sites
since2022,followed
by
Optus(189
moresites)
andTPG
(41
moresites).Thenumberof
sites
eachMNOhadinMajorCitieswas
relatively
comparablebetween2018
and2023.Asat
31
January
2023,
Telstra
was
slightlyaheadwith5,493sites
followed
by
Optus(5,416)andTPG(4,383).Ontheotherhand,Telstra
hadconsiderablymoremobilesites
thanOptusandTPGinregionalandremote
areas
of
Australia
between2018
and2023.Forexample,inregionalareas
in2023,
Telstra
had40%
moresites
thanOptusand216%
moresites
thanTPG.
ThegapbetweenTelstra
andOptushasreducedfrom45%in2018.
However,
thegapbetweenTelstra
andTPGhas
widenedinregionalareas(192%
in2018).Whileinremote
areas,Telstra
had282%moresites
thanOptusand2318%
moresites
thanTPGin2023.Similarly,
thegapbetweenTelstra
andOptushas
reducedfrom324%
in2018.
ButthegapbetweenTelstra
andTPGhas
also
widenedinremote
areas
since2018
(up
from2176%).1.2
Transition
away
from
3G
networks
continuesSo
far
thetransitionaway
from3Gsites
appearsto
belargelytakingplaceinMajorCities.Telstra
andTPGhave
beenreducingtheirnumberof
3Gsites
inMajorCitiessince2018
and2019
respectively.However,
since2022,Optushas
also
startedto
reducetheirnumberof
3Gsites
inMajorCities,andthepaceof
reductionwas
significantcomparedto
thoseof
Telstra
andTPG.Thenumberof
3Gsites
will
likely
decreasesubstantiallyinthenext
12–18
monthswithTelstra,
OptusandTPGall
having
announcedplansto
shutdown
their3Gnetworks.TPGis
expectedto
bethefirstinDecember2023followed
by
Telstra
andthenOptusin2024.1Asa
consequenceof
theimpendingshutdown,all
themobilenetworkoperatorsare
progressivelyrepurposingtheir3G2100
MHzspectrumfor
4G/5Gservices.
Telstra
andOptushave
significantlyreducedtheiruseof
2100
MHzfor
3Gservicescomparedto
TPG.Asat
31
January
2023,therewere
still
many
3Gonlysites
inoperation.Unless4G/5Gcoverageisprovidedby
othersites
intherelevantareas,these3Gonlysites
will
need
to
beupgradedto
4G
or5Gsothat
customersdonot
losecoverageand/or
experiencereducedqualityof
serviceafter3Gnetworksare
switchedoff.
Telstra
hadthemost3Gonlysites
with767
3Gonlysites
still
inoperationwitha
majorityinMajorCitiesorVeryRemote
Australia.OptusandTPGhadsubstantiallyless3Gonlysites,127
and92sites
respectively.1TPG
Telecom,TPG
Telecomconfirms
December
2023switchoff
for3G
network,TPG
Telecom,2022,
accessed16
August
2023.Telstra,
3G
Network
Service
Closure:
End
ofthe
line
for3G,Telstra,accessed
16
August
2023.
Optus,
We’reupgrading
our
network
withchanges
to3G,Optus,
accessed
16
August
2023.1ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
2023Overall,as
at
31
January
2023,thereremainedsomedifferenceinthesize
of
3Gand4G
coverageforsomeoperators.Optus’s
overall
4G
outdoorcoveragewas
around119%
of
its3Goutdoorcoverage.Ontheotherhand,Telstra’s
4G
outdoorcoveragewas
around80%
of
its3Goutdoorcoverage,andTPG’s4G
outdoorcoveragewas
around62%
of
its3Goutdoorcoverage.21.3
5G
roll
out
gathering
paceAllMNOsnow
have
a
5Gpresenceineachof
theABS
RemotenessAreaswiththeexceptionof
TPGinVeryRemote
Australia.Asat
31
January
2023,
Telstra
hadthemost5Gsites
(4,559)
with57%more5Gsites
thanOptus(2,905)
andmorethantwiceas
many
sites
as
TPG(2,063).TPGaddedthemost5Gsites
(1,034)since2022,followed
by
Optus(973)
andTelstra
(488).
Thevast
majorityof
thesesites
were
rolledoutinMajorCities.TPGalso
rolledoutitsfirst5Gsites
inOuterRegional(17)
andRemote
Australia
(5)between2022and2023.To
date,
theroll
outof
5Gsites
has
predominantlyinvolved
usinglow
andmid-bandspectrum.Notably,
Optusreporteduseof
low
bandspectrum(900MHz)
for
5Gfor
thefirsttimein2023.Telstra
haddeployedthemostsites
that
utilise
low
band5Gspectrumwith2,605sites
using850MHzspectrum,as
at
31
January2023.However,
OptusandTPGhave
both
increasedtheirlow
bandusagewithboth
addingapproximately
1,0005Gsites
inthelastyearusinglow
bandspectrum.Furthermore,useof
highbandspectrum(26
GHz)
is
also
beginningto
grow
withTelstra
leadingtheway
with289sites
usingthis
spectrumfollowed
by
Optus(72)andTPG
(6).1.4
Difference
between
outdoor
coverage
andexternal
antenna
coverage
could
be
significantThereare
2
maintypes
of
coveragemaps–
outdoorcoverageandexternalantenna
coverage.Outdoorcoverageis
thereceptionyou
canexpectto
receiveoutdoorswitha
typicalhandhelddevice.Externalantenna
coverageis
expectedcoveragewhena
handhelddeviceis
augmentedusinganexternalantenna,for
example,anexternalantenna
mountedona
vehicle.Asa
resultof
amendmentsto
theInfrastructureRKRin2022,theMNOsare
now
requiredto
provideboth
externalantenna
coveragemapsandoutdoorcoveragemapsfor
3G,4G
and5Gtechnologies(where
inoperation).
Thisinformation
was
providedby
all
3
MNOsfor
thefirsttimein2023.Thisadditionalinformation
enablestheACCCto
assesschangesinexternalantenna
coverageandoutdoorcoverageover
time,as
well
as
thedifferencesbetweenthesize
of
thecoverageaccessibleviahandhelddeviceandcoverageaccessiblewiththeaid
of
externalantennas.Theextentto
whicheachMNOsnetworkis
accessibleoutdoorsviaa
typicalhandhelddevicevaries.In
somecases,thedifferencebetweencoverageareas
accessibleviahandhelddeviceandcoverageaccessiblewiththeaid
of
externalantennas
couldbesignificant.Forexample,Optus’s
4Goutdoorgeographiccoverageis
around83%
of
its4G
externalantenna
geographiccoverage.Thismeansaround17%
of
Optus’s
4G
networkcoveragecanonlybeaccessedviaanexternalantenna.TPG’s4G
outdoorgeographiccoverageis
74%
of
its4G
externalantenna
geographiccoverage.Ontheotherhand,Telstra’s
4G
outdoorgeographiccoverageis
around52%of
its4G
externalantennageographiccoverage.2Theseareaggregatecomparisons
between
thetotalareaofeach
MNOs
3G
and
4G
outdoor
coverage
maps.
The
ACCCcouldnotverifyifeach
MNOs
3G
outdoor
coverageareasarealsocoveredby4G.2ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
20232.
BackgroundTheMobileInfrastructureReport2023providesanalysis
onthechangesinthenationalmobilenetworkoperators’(MNOs)
mobileinfrastructureandcoveragefrom2018
to
2023,basedoninformation
collectedfromtheMNOsunderthe
AuditofTelecommunicationsInfrastructureAssets–RecordKeepingRules
(InfrastructureRKR).TheACCChas
collectedInfrastructureRKRdata
relevantto
mobileinfrastructurefromthenationalMNOs–
SingtelOptusPty
Limited(Optus),
Telstra
CorporationLimited(Telstra)
andTPGTelecomLimited(TPG)–
for
theperiodfrom2018
to
2023.We
have
disclosedthis
data
pursuantto
section152BUA
of
theCompetitionandConsumerAct2010.ThedisclosedInfrastructureRKRdata
includesdetailedinformation
onthemobilesites
operatedby
eachMNOandhistoricalcoveragemapsas
at31
Januaryfor
eachyearfrom2018
to
2023.Thedatasets
are
available
at
.au
at
thefollowing
address:.au/dataset/ds-dga-4b472a18-d0fa-409c-994a-ab17162bcb90/details?q=ACCC.Foreachyearfrom2018
to
2023,thedata
madeavailable
includes:anExcelspreadsheetcontaininga
list
of
theMNO’sactive
mobilesites,withuniqueidentificationnumber(i.e.
Radio
FrequencyNationalSite
Archive(RFNSA)ID),
thelocationof
thesite,
thetypeof
technologyandassociated
spectrumdeployedat
eachsite
andwhetherthesite
is
co-fundedundera
governmentco-contributionprogramandif
so,whichone3coveragemapsby
technology(3G,
4G
and5G)
and,insomeinstances,also
by
frequencybands.4TheACCChas
also
derivedandpublishedkey
statisticsfromtherelevantdata.Theseare
containedinanExcelspreadsheettitled‘MobileInfrastructureReport2023–
outputtables’andis
availableontheACCC’swebsite
at:.au/regulated-infrastructure/telecommunications-internet/mobile-services-regulation/mobile-infrastructure-report/mobile-infrastructure-report-2023.Thekey
statisticsinclude:thetotal
numberandthechangeinthenumberof
mobilesites
that
anMNOoperatesfor
3G,4Gand5Gtechnologies5thenumberof
newanddecommissionedsites
andtheproportionof
newsites
that
areco-fundedundera
governmentco-contributionprogramtheextentto
whichtheMNOsare
co-locatingonthesites
theyoperatethenumberof,
andthechangeinthenumberof,
sites
onwhicheachfrequencybandis
deployedfor
eachtechnologypercentagechangeinthelandmasscoveredby
eachMNO’snetworkas
shownby
theirhistoricalcoveragemapsfor
eachtechnology4G
coverageareas
as
a
proportionof
3Gcoverageareas
for
eachMNO’snetworkover
timeoutdoorgeographiccoverageareas
as
a
proportionof
externalantenna
geographiccoveragefor3Gand4G
for
eachMNO’snetwork.3Unique
identification
number
(RFNSA
ID)and
co-fundingstatusonlyavailablefrom
2020onwards.4MNOsareonly
requiredto
provide
coverage
mapsbyfrequency
bands
from
2020onwards.However,somehavechosentoprovide
mapsbyfrequency
bands
in
previous
years
whereas
othershaveprovided
mapsbytechnology
type.
The
ACCChasused
the
frequency
band
maps
providedbyan
MNOto
construct
technology
level
maps
where
the
latterwasnotalreadyprovidedbythe
MNO.5Analysisislimitedto
3G,
4G
and
5G
technologies.2Gsiteswereswitched
offbyOptus
andTelstrabefore2018.TPG
turnedoff
its2Gsitesby2019.
Mobilesiteinformationand
coverage
mapsforTPG’s2Gnetwork
in2018
isavailable.3ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
2023Thekey
statisticsare
also
disaggregated
by
AustralianBureauof
Statistics’(ABS)AustralianStatisticalGeographyStandard(ASGS)RemotenessStructure
andstate/territory.The
2016
versionof
this
ABS
RemotenessStructureclassificationhas
beenappliedto
all
reference
yearsbetween2018and2022(inclusive).
Thelatest,
2021versionof
this
classificationhas
beenappliedto
all
referenceyearsfrom2023onwards.
Asresult,someof
thechangesinthedata
between2022and2023are
theresultof
re-classificationinABS
RemotenessArea.Theimpactof
this
update
is
minor.Thedisclosureof
theInfrastructureRKRdata,togetherwiththederivedstatisticsandMobileInfrastructureReportstems
fromanearlierACCCcommitmentandprovides:6moretransparencyonhow
theMNOs’mobileinfrastructureandcoveragehave
changedovertimeandscrutinyof
thesechangesinspecificgeographicareasmoreaccountabilityover
investmentclaimsmadeby
theMNOs,particularlyinspecificgeographicareasusefulinformation
onthestate
of
mobilenetworksfor
policymakers,particularlywhenformulating
policyresponsesto
mobilecoverageissues.6ACCC,
Measures
toaddress
regional
mobile
issues,October
2017,
p26.4ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
20233.
Mobile
site
analysisA
mobilesite
hostsradioequipmentthat
usesradiofrequencyspectrumto
provide
connectivitytomobiledevices.Withtheuseof
backhaul,theyconnectendusersto
theirserviceprovider’scorenetworkfor
voiceanddata
connectivity.A
mobilesite
exists
invariousformsincludingona
mobiletower,
ontop
of
commercialorresidentialbuildingsandlightpolesas
well
as
insidebuildings,collectivelyreferred
to
as
passive
infrastructure.Passive
infrastructuremay
have
beenbuiltby
anMNOora
third
partysuchas
a
specialistinfrastructurecompany.AnMNOmay
deploytheirequipmentonthesamepassive
infrastructureas
anotherMNO(s),
this
isknownas
co-location,whichis
a
formof
passive
infrastructuresharing(see
section3.8).
Co-locationis
oneway
to
reducethecostof
site
deployment.Reducingthecostof
site
deploymentenhancestheabilityof
MNOsto
invest
inadditionalmobileinfrastructureto
improve
thebreadthordepthof
theircoverage,therebypromotingcompetitionindownstreammarkets.
Dueto
theuseof
co-location,thetotal
numberof
mobiletowers/structures
inAustralia
is
not
equalto
thesumof
themobilesites
foreachMNO.Thenumberof
mobilesites
anMNOhas
equipmentdeployedonprovidesanindicationof
theoverallscaleof
theirnetwork.MNOsadd(see
section3.5)andremove
sites
(see
section3.7)
fromtheirnetworkover
time.AnMNOcanadda
newsite
to
improve
capacity/reducecongestionbutwithnochangeintheoverall
reachof
theircoverage(i.e.
site
densification).
Site
densificationhasbecomemorecommonwiththeroll
outof
5G.
AnMNOmay
decommissiona
site
becauseithas
addedequipmentto
a
newmobilesite
nearbywhichprovidesthesameormoredepthand/or
breadthofcoverage.A
mobilesite
canalso
have
severaltechnologiesinstalledonitsimultaneously.
Therefore,MNOsmay
also
addnewequipmentcompatiblewithnewermobiletechnologyonneworexistingsites
orremove
older,
legacytechnologiessuchas
2G
and3G.Furthermore,itmay,
insomecases,becostlyto
maintainorupgradea
site
(for
example,from3Gto
4G/5G)
soanMNOmay
decommissiona
site
anddeploya
newsite
at
a
lower
costorrelyona
nearbysite
for
coverageand/or
capacity.Forthesereasons,changesinthenumberof
mobilesites
anMNOoperatesinitsnetworkinitself(see
section3.1–3.4)
is
not
necessarilyindicative
of
thefinancialinvestmentithas
madeontheirnetwork.Thecostof
rolling
outa
newmobilesite
couldalso
varyacrossABS
RemotenessAreas.Addinga
newsite
ina
MajorCitywill
generallycostlessthana
newsite
ina
Remote
orVeryRemote
area.Dueto
thehighercostof
networkdeploymentinregionalandremote
areas
andthelower
populationdensity,thecommercialincentivesto
deploynetworkinfrastructureintheseareas
are
typicallylowerthaninmetropolitanareas.Consequently,co-contributionfundingmay
bea
key
driverfor
MNOswhenconsideringexpandingmobilecoverageinto
theseareas.Local,state
andfederalgovernmentshave
developedco-contributionprogramsto
provide
subsidiesto
networkoperatorsininfrastructuredeploymentintheseareas.Mobilesites
fundedundertheseprogramsare
consideredco-fundedsites(see
section3.6).5ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
20233.1
Total
number
of
sitesAsat
31
January
2023,
Telstra
hadthemostmobilesites
(11,302)
followed
by
Optus(8,821)
andTPG
(5,769)
(Table
3.1).
Telstra’s
total
mobilesite
countalso
increasedthemostof
all
MNOs,300
moresites,since2022,followed
by
Optus(189
moresites)
andTPG
(41
moresites).Figure3.1
displays
a
breakdown
of
theMNOs’sites
by
ABS
RemotenessAreasin2023.Thenumberof
sites
eachMNOhadinMajorCitieswas
relatively
comparablein2023.However,
as
canbeseeninTable
3.1,
thegapbetweentheMNOswiththegreatest
andfewest
numberof
sites
inMajorCitieshaswidenedovertimeto
1,110
sites
in2023(Telstra
vs
TPG).
Thisis
higherthanthegapof
529sites
in2018
(Telstra
vs
TPG)
and957sites
in2022(Optus
vs
TPG).In
regionalareas7andremote
areas
of
Australia,Telstra
hadsubstantially
moresites
thantheother8MNOsbetween2018
and2023(Table
3.1).Overtheperiod,thegapbetweenTelstra
andOptusappearsto
have
reduced.In
regionalareas
in2023,
Telstra
had40%
moresites
thanOptus,down
from45%in2018.
Whileinremote
areas
in2023,Telstra
had282%moresites
thanOptus,a
dropfrom324%
in2018.Ontheotherhand,thegapbetweenTelstra
andTPGhas
widened.In
regionalareas
in2023,
Telstrahad216%
moresites
thanTPG,upfrom192%
in2018.
In
remote
areas,thegapis
significantlylarger.In2023,
Telstra
had2318%
moresites
thanTPGupfrom2176%
in2018.
ThegapbetweenTelstraandTPGinremote
areas
is
not
surprisinggivenTPG’slimited
mobilecoverageintheseareas.Table
3.1:Total
numberofsitesby
MNO&
ABSRemotenessArea–
MajorCitiesofAustraliavsRegionalareasofAustraliavsRemoteareasofAustralia–
2018to
2023201820192020202120222023Major
CitiesofAustraliaOptus4,6914,7364,2074,7584,8004,2684,8745,0594,3065,0375,1664,5035,2945,2574,3375,4165,4934,383TelstraTPGRegional
areasofAustraliaOptus2,3333,3731,1572,5983,7561,2712,7353,9201,3012,8224,0541,3192,9394,1391,3212,9754,1651,318TelstraTPGRemote
areasofAustraliaOptusTelstraTPG3111,320583561,416693711,472683791,546703991,606704301,64468TotalOptusTelstraTPG7,3359,4295,4227,7129,9725,6087,98010,4515,6758,23810,7665,8928,63211,0025,7288,82111,3025,76978RegionalareasofAustralia
means
the
sumofInner
and
Outer
Regional
ABS
Remoteness
Areas.RemoteareasofAustralia
means
the
sumofRemoteand
VeryRemoteABS
Remoteness
Areas.6ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
2023Figure3.1:
Total
numberofsitesby
MNO&
ABSRemotenessArea–
20236,0005,4935,4165,0004,3834,0003,0002,2461,8031,9192,0001,00001,172924853720465254176608MajorCitiesofAustraliaInnerRegionalAustraliaOuterRegionalAustraliaRemoteAustraliaVeryRemoteAustraliaABSRemotenessAreaOptusTelstraTPG3.2
3G
sitesFigure3.2shows
that
thewindingdown
of
3Gnetworkshas
commencedfor
all
3
MNOs.Optusledtheway
since2022witha
382decreaseinnumberof
3Gsites,followed
by
Telstra
(-107
sites)
andTPG
(-17
sites).To
date,
thetransitionaway
from3Gsites
appearsto
belargelytakingplaceinMajorCities.Telstra
andTPGhave
beenreducingtheirnumberof
3Gsites
inMajorCitiessince2018
and2019respectively.
However,
since2022,Optushas
also
startedto
reducetheirnumberof
3Gsites
inMajorCities,andthepaceof
reductionwas
significantcomparedto
thoseof
Telstra
andTPG(Figure3.3).Figure3.2:
Changeinnumberof3Gsitesby
MNO–
year-on-year–
2018to
2023500378400300160
1861861892001000101926013-
5-
5-
17-100-200-300-400-500-
51-
107-
3822022to20232018to20192019to20202020to20212021to2022YearOptusTelstraTPG7ACCC | Mobile
Infrastructure
Report
2023 | November
2023Figure3.3:
Changeinnumberof3GsitesinMajorCitiesofAustraliaby
MNO–
year-on-year–
2018to
202320084100666037120-
10-
6-
6-
8-
17-
25-
45-100-200-300-400-500-
64-
89-
4042018to20192019to20202020to20212021to20222022to2023YearOptusTelstraTPGItis
likely
that
thenumberof
3Gsites
will
decreasesignificantlyinthenext
12–18
monthswithOptus,Telstra
andTPGall
having
plansto
shutdown
their3Gnetworks.TPGis
expectedto
bethefirstinDecember2023
,
followed
by
Telstra
inJune202410
andOptusinSeptember2024.119We
note
that
reductionsinthenumberof
3Gsites
to
date
are
not
necessarilyassociated
withany
reductionsinthesize
of
3Ggeographiccoverage.PleaseseeSection4
for
mobilecoverageanalysis.Figure3.4belowshows
therewere
still
a
significantnumberof
3Gsites
inoperationas
at31
January2023.Importantly,thereare
still
many
3Gonlysites
inoperation.Unless4G/5Gcoverageis
providedbyothersites
intherelevantareas,these3Gonlysites
will
need
to
beupgradedto
4G
and/or
5G
to
avoidcustomerslosingcoverageand/or
having
a
reducedqualityof
serviceafterthe3Gshutdown.Asat
31
January
2023,
Telstra
hadthemost3Gonlysites
with767
3Gonlysites
withthemajorityof
theminMajorCities(253
sites)
orVeryRemote
Australia
(238sites)
(Figure3.5).
OptusandTPGboth
hadsignificantlyless3Gonlysites,127
and92sites
respectively.
A
majorityof
Optus’s
3Gonlysites
were
also
inMajorCities(39
sites)
orVeryRemote
Australia
(54sites).
GivenTPG’splanned3Gshutdown
is
theearliestof
the3
nationalMNOsandtheyh
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