新目标英语八年级代词讲解

第八-十课时英语中代词可以分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词。人称代词(指代人或事物)人称单复数主格宾格第一人称单数Ime复数weus第二人称单数youyou复数youyou第三人称单数hehimsheheritit复数theythemEQ\o\ac(○,1)人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语单数复数Ilikemusic(主语).Welikemusic.Youaresosmart.(主语)Youaresosmart.Sheisateacher.(主语)Theyarestudents.Heisoutgoing.(主语).Itisacat.EQ\o\ac(○,2)宾格在句子作动词的宾语，或者介词的宾语。Isawhimattheparty(动词see的宾语).Ihaven'tseenthemrecently.(动词see的宾语)Iboughtabookforthem.(作介词for的宾语)补充：eq\o\ac(○,1)在口语中，人称代词的主格形式作表语时，常常可以用宾格替换。--IsthisMr.Green--Yes,thisishe/him.eq\o\ac(○,2)在口语中，当人称代词用于than,as之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。Youknowmorethanshe/her.Sheisastallasme(me=Iam).eq\o\ac(○,3).单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如："IlikeEnglish.""Metoo=IlikeEnglishtoo.""我喜欢英语。""我也喜欢。"-Whodidit--Them.(=Theydidit)牛刀小试判断正误1.()Heandyoushouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.解析：正确答案Youandheshouldgotothelibrarytoreturnthebooks.这主要是英语习惯上的用法。当两个以上的人称代词并列时其排列顺序一般为you,he,she,I,而复数时为we,you,they:如男女并列时，应先男后女，如：Heandshe…如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用They,you,we,如：TomandIaregoodfriends.You,heandImustgotoplaythegameforourteamthisafternoon.We,youandtheyhavebeentherebefore.I,heandyouhavetopayforit.2.()NewYorkismuchcolderinwinterthanbefore.解析：正确答案ItismuchcolderinNewYorkinwinterthanbefore.it常常用在英文的句子中来代表时间、距离、天气、自然现象，或用在句中作形式主语或宾语，如：Itisteno'clocknow.(代时间)Itisfarfromheretotheairport.(代距离)Itisveryhot.(代天气)ItisverydifficulttolearnEnglishwell.(作形式主语)Wefounditverydifficulttoanswerthequestion.(作形式宾语)物主代词物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，可以单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：Hereismydog.ItsnameisTom.（形容词性物主代词its作name的定语）Mysisterlostherbicycle.（形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语）Isthatcoffeeyoursorhers(名词性物主代词)人称单复数形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词第一人称单数mymine复数ourourselves第二人称单数youryourself复数youryourselves第三人称单数hishisherhersitsits复数themthemselves判断正误()Tom'smotheristallerthanmy.解析：正确答案Tom'smotheristallerthanmine.形容词性物主代词可以作定语，也就是讲它可以作形容词，如：mybook，而这句话的意思是：汤姆的妈妈比我的妈妈高。比较的对象是mymother,也就是mine。反身代词如人称代词一致，反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：Hehimselfwasadoctor.(同位语)=Hewasadoctorhimself.判断正误：1.()Myselfdidityesterday.解析：正确答案Imyselfdidityesterday.Ididitmyselfyesterday.反身代词不可作主语，但可以用作主语的同位语。再如：Sheistooyoungtolookafterherself.（宾语）Idon'tblameyou,Iblamemyself(宾语).Hecuthimselfwhenhewascooking.(宾语)Thatpoorboywasmyself.（表语）那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。补充eq\o\ac(○,1)反身代词用于be,feel,seem,look等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如：I'llbemyselfagaininnotime.我一会儿就会好的。Hedoesn'tfeelhimselftoday.他今天感觉身体不舒服I'mnotquitemyselfthesedays.我近来身体不大舒服。eq\o\ac(○,2)反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语Pleasebringyourdaughterwithyou.反身代词不能作介词宾语，除非是由不及物动词与介词组成的动词短语，如：Theoldwomanspoketoherself.eq\o\ac(○,3)Makeyourselfhome.这是英语中的习惯用法，意为“像在家里一样”。这样的用法还有：enjoyoneself玩得开心makeyourselfathome像在家中一样helpyourselftosomething自己拿某物lostoneself迷路seatoneself就坐dressoneself穿衣eq\o\ac(○,4)Takecareofyourselves.(yourself)祈始句的主语应看作第二人称you.人称单复数主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词第一人称单数Imemyminemyself复数weusouroursourselves第二人称单数youyouyouryoursyourself复数youyouyouryoursyourself第三人称单数hehimhishishimselfsheherherhersherselfititsitsitsitself复数theythemtheirtheirsthemselves指示代词指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。单数复数例子this/thatthese/thoseThisismybook.(主语)Iwantthat.(宾语)Mybookisthat.(表语)EQ\o\ac(○,1)为避免重复，可用that和those代替前面提到的名词。如：Theplaygroundofthisschoolisbiggerthanthatofthatschool.(That=theplayground)Myseatisnexttothatofthemayor.（that=mayor'sseat）EQ\o\ac(○,2)用来回指上文提到的事情时，可用this或that，但是若要指下文叙述的事情，通常要用this。如：--Sheisabeautifulgirl.--WhosaidthatIwanttoknowthis:Isshebeautiful我想知道这一点：她美吗EQ\o\ac(○,3)在打电话时，通常用this指自己，用that指对方：Hello.ThisisJim.IsthatJohn喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗EQ\o\ac(○,4)除用作代词外，this和that还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为"这么""则"，相当于so。如：I'vedoneonlythatmuch.我所做的就这么多。Ishealwaysthisbusy他总这么忙吗EQ\o\ac(○,5)指示代词this,that和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。如：Thatismyteacher.那是我的老师。（that作主语，指人）Heisgoingtomarrythisgirl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）Heisgoingtomarrythis.（this作宾语时不能指人）Iboughtthis.我买这个。（this指物，可作宾语）Headmiredthosewholookedbeautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）Headmiredthatwhodancedwell.（that作宾语时不能指人）Headmiredthatwhichlookedbeautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。不定代词10个知识点不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere），no（nothing，nobody，noone），every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either，neither等。eq\o\ac(○,1)复合不定代词构成bodyonethingwheresomesomebodysomeonesomethingsomewhereanyanybodyanyoneanythinganywhereeveryeverybodyeveryoneeverythingeverywherenonobodynoonenothingnowhereeq\o\ac(○,2)some/any按照语法any用于疑问句和否定句，而some用于一定句，陈述句中。Iwantsomebookstoread.Doyouhaveanyeq\o\ac(○,3)something/anything按照语法anything用于疑问句和否定句，而something用于一定句，陈述句中,在由wouldyoulike发出的问句中，表达了说话者真心实意要为对方提供些饮料，或在说话者想得到对方的一定答复时，在疑问句中要用some而不用any。Wouldyoulikesomethingtodrinkeq\o\ac(○,4)many/muchmuch用于不可数名词，作主语时用单数谓语动词。而many用于可数名词，它作主语时用复数形式的谓语动词。Muchofwhatyousaidistrue.Manyknowhim.eq\o\ac(○,5)(a)few/(a)little(a)few修饰可数名词，(a)few修饰不可数名词。little与few用于句中时，均要按否定句看待。few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式。alittle与afew用在一定句中。Manyknowhim,butfewlikehim.few用于可数名词，意为几乎没有，但few作主语时谓语动词则要用复数形式，而afew为有一些。Youhavefewfriends,haveyoueq\o\ac(○,6)both/all表示两者都用both三者或者三者以上用all其用法有both…and与both/allof形式否定的时候为部分否定。both作同位语时，它在句中的位置有：在be后实前，如：Wearebothstudents.Theparentsbothwanttogotothecinema.用于第一助动词之后，如：WehavebothreadtheseEnglishnovels.使用时要注意以下句子的实际含意：Bothofusarenotright.应译为：我们俩不都对。Neitherofusisright.才应译为：我俩都不对。又如：Ican'tgiveyoubothofthebooks.意为：两本书我不能全给你，而Ican'tgiveyoueitherofthebooks.TomandLucybothlikethislittleboy.Bothofthetwoboyslikeswimming.eq\o\ac(○,7)theothers=other+名复Therearetenstudentshere.WherearetheothersTherearetenstudentshereWherearetheotherstudentseq\o\ac(○,8)either/neitherHeorhisbrotherisdoinghishomework.在either…or,或neither…nor连接两个主语时，其谓语动词要与和其相近的那个主语相配。EitherteachersorstudentswanttodotheirbesttohelptheoldmanTheteacherorhisstudentswillcleantheirclassroomtogether.EitheryouorIamright.eq\o\ac(○,10)noone/none由who提问的句子的否定回答中的简略说法是noone,而由Howmany提问的句子的否定回答中的简略语是None.如：HowmanybooksarethereNone.—Whowonthegame—Noone.EQ\o\ac(○,11)theother/another两者中的另一个theother多者中的另一个another随堂练习代词练习题一填空Thisbikeismysister`s.Itbelongsto______(她的)。

2.Thisisn'tmybook._______(我的)isinthebag.3.Theyquarreledamong__________（他们）.

4.YouandIunderstand_________(彼此)perfectly.

5.Ifthereare____（一些）newmagazinesinthelibrary,takesomeforme.二单项选择

1.______writerisbetterknowinChina,CharlesDickensorMarkTwain

A.WhichB.WhatC.EitherD.Whether

2.Theywereallverytired,but_____ofthemwouldstoptohavearest.

A.anyB.someC.noneD.neither

3.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinof______.

A.theirB.theirsC.themD.themselves4.----Is________here----No,BobandTimhaveaskedforleave.

A.anybodyB.SomebodyC.everybodyD.nobody

5.Wecouldn’teatinarestaurantbecause_____ofushad_______moneyonus.

A.all;noB.any;noC.none;anyC.noone;any三用括号里的代词的适当形式填空1.MrYangis_______(we)teacher.________(him)isfromBeijing._______(his)teaches______(our)English.2.Look,thereisacat._______(it)isLily's.____(it)nameisMimi.3.Let______(I)tell______(she)about_____(he)lifeatschool.4.Thisis______(they)room.Whereis_____(our)5.Theladyunderthetreeis______(me)aunt._____(her)oftensingswith_____(she)husband参考答案一1-5herMythemeachothermany

二ACBCC

三1ourHeHisus2itits3meherhis4theirours5mySheher正误辨析()1.Hisbrotheristallerthanhim.［析］than是连词，其后应视为省略句，thanheis.所以要注意区分其主格与宾格的用法。Hisbrotheristallerthanhe.()2.Ilikeyouasmuchasshe.［析］as…as其后也应看作是省略句。应为asIlikeher.所以应用宾格。而第一句应译为我像她那样喜欢你。两句语法都是对的但含义不同。Ilikeyouasmuchasher.()3.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthisinwinter.［析］在比较句中往往为了避免重复，可以用that或those取代前面提到的事物，如是单数时用that,复数时用those，如：TheweatherinBeijingishotterthanthatinChangChun.Thedaysinsummerarelongerthanthoseinwinter.()4.Itissoagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.［析］在可数名词单数时可用so+形容词+不定冠词+名词+that从句，也可用such+不定冠词+形容词+that从句。在不可数名词或可数名词复数时，只用such,如：ItissuchgoodweatherthatIwanttogoswimming.TheyaresuchgoodbooksthatIwanttobuythemall.在many,much,few,little这4个词前仅能用so,如：Shehassomuchmoneythatshecanbuyeverythingshewants.而在so与that之间仅存形容词时，则不能用such,如:Sheissosweetthateveryonelikesher.［正］Itissuchagoodbookthateveryonelikestoread.Itissogoodabookthateveryonelikestoread.()5.Iwanttobuyasamedictionaryasyours.［析］same与定冠词the是固定搭配不可更改。这样的用法还有allthesame(仍然)。［正］Iwanttobuythesamedictionaryasyours.()6.—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Idon'thopeso.［析］在作一定回答时，Ithinkso.Ihopeso.Ibelieveso.但作否定回答时为：Idon'tthinkso.Ihope/believenot.［正］—Ihopeshemightpasstheexam.—Ihopenot.()7.—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Soshedid.［析］在对话中如果某一动作同时适用于两个主语，这时在答语中要用缩写且要用倒装句。如第一组句，即studiedhard既适用于he,也适用于she.但答语仅仅是对前句的重复，即仅仅是第一句的缩写时则不要用倒装句。如第二组句子为：英语难学。答语为：是的，难学。这时缩写的答语不要用倒装句。［正］—Hestudiedveryhardthisterm.—Sodidshe.［误］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soisit.［正］—Englishisdifficulttolearn.—Soitis.()8.Therearemanytreesoneithersidesofthestreet.［析］either作代词时由两个含意，其一是两者中随便哪一个，如：Youcantakeeither.其二是两者中的每一个。但要注意的是either后要加单数名词，如果作主语则谓语动词也要用单数形式。［正］Therearemanytreesoneithersideofthestreet.［正］Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.()9.Ihavethreesisters.Noneofthemisadoctor.［析］neither用于两者中无一是，而none则用于多于两者中的人或事物无一是。()10.Hedoesn'tlikeBeijingopera,Idon'tlikeeither.［析］either作为“也”讲时，要用于否定句中，而too则用于一定句中。()11.Weeachhasaticketfortheconcert.［析］each作句子主语时其谓语动词要用单数形式，如：EachofuswantstolearnEnglishwell，但each作同位语时，则应以原名词的数为准。［正］Weeachhaveaticketfortheconcert.()12.Eachofushastopasstheexam.［析］every只可作形容词，不可作代词，而each既可作形容词，又可作代词，在作形容词时each侧重强调个体，而every则侧重于全体。()13.Everyoneofusshoulddohouseworktwohoursaday.［析］everyone不可与of结构相连接使用，而everyone则可以这样用。()14.IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.［析］要注意的是everyday是“每天”，而everyday则是形容词为“日常的”。如：everydayEnglish日常英语，everydaylife日常生活。［正］IshouldreadEnglisheveryday.()15.Therearetreesoneverysidesofthestreet.［析］every用于三者或三者以上的每一个，而each用于二者或二者以上的每一个。因为街道只有两侧，所以只能用each而不能用every.［正］Therearetreesoneachsideofthestreet.()16.Bothmyparentsareengineers.［析］all用于三者或三者以上的全部，而both则用于两者的全部。()17.Allofstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.［析］非特指的名词前可用all但不可用allof结构，也就是讲allof结构后面的名词前一定要有定冠词。其他与all有关的习惯用法还有：alltheyearround,allweek,allday,allwinter.［正］Allofthestudentsmightmakesomemistakes.［正］Allstudentsmightmakesomemistakes.()18.Theallvillagewasflooded.［析］all作修饰语时要用在所有修饰词之前。［正］Allthevillagewasflooded.()19.Thepostofficeisontheothersideofthestreet.［析］单数可数名词如在泛指某一个时用another,而特指时则要用theother,因街道只有两边，而不在这边必定是在另一边，所以要用特指。请参考下表的用法以便于记忆。()20.Theoldmanhastwosons.Oneisateacher,theotherisadoctor.［析］another用于泛指，如：IsitfarfromheretothestationI'msorry.Ihavenoidea.Onemaysayitisquitenear;anothermaysayitisfarfromhere.但在特指时则要用theother.它可以用作定语，theotherone,也可以用作代词theother,但theother用作代词时它的含意一定是单数。如果指三者或者三者以上的情况时，则要用one…another…theother.或者one…asecond…thethird…()21.Somepeoplelikesports.Theotherslikereading.［析］在泛指的复数名词前用some…others…others…来表示某些人……某些人……某些人……。［正］Somepeoplelikesports.Otherslikereading.()22.Pleaseremembertowatertheflowerseveryotherday.［析］everyotherday为每隔一天。是习惯用法，不要随意改动。又如：ontheotherhand另一方面。()23.Thisroomisenoughlargeforthestudentstolivein.［析］enough可以用作代词，如：Thereisenoughofthefood.又如：Enoughhasbeendoneforthework，但enough还可以作形容词来修饰名词，这时enough可以放在名词之前，也可放在名词之后，如：moneyenough与enoughmoney都是对的。但当enough作副词修饰形容词时，则只能置于形容词之后了。［正］Thisroomislargeenoughforthestudentstolivein.()24.Someonewanttomeetyou.［析］不定代词应被看作单数，即使用and连接两个不定代词，也要看作单数，如：Anyoneandeveryonehastheright.任何人，每一个人都有这样的权力。［正］Someonewantstomeetyou.选择()1Theseare＿＿＿books.Yoursareoverthere.AIBmyCmeDmine［析］这里应用形容词性物主代词。［答案］B.()2—＿＿＿isshe—Sheisateacher.AWhatBHowCWhoDWhere［析］这里的四个疑问词放在问句中全都成立，但其意义不同。Whatisshe应译为“她的工作是什么”或“她是做什么的”而Howisshe应译为“她身体如何”而Whoisshe应译为“她是谁”其答语应为“她叫什么名字。”而Whereisshe应为“她在什么地方”由答语决定了这道题的选择。［答案］A.()3＿＿＿iswrongwithmywatch.Ithasstopped＿＿＿.ASomething,workingBSomething,toworkCAnything,workingDAnything,towork［析］因为是一定句所以应用Something,其后由于表停止工作了，则stop后要用动名词。()4Mary,help＿＿＿tothebananas,please.［答案］A.AyouByourCyourselfDyourselves［析］helponeselftosomething为“自己拿某物”。yourself为“你一个人”，而yourselves为“你们”。［答案］C.()5—＿＿＿doyougotoschooleveryday—Bybus.AHowBWhyCWhenDWhere［析］这题的答案是由问句决定的。［答案］A.()6Myskirtis＿＿＿popularthan＿＿＿.Amuch,herBmuch,hersCmore,herDmore,hers［析］因句中有than,所以应选用比较级，而than后要选用名词性物主代词。［答案］D.()7—CanyouspeakEnglish—Yes,butonly＿＿＿.AfewBafewClittleDalittle［析］因会讲某种语言的多少要用alittle,把它看作不可数名词对待，此答语为：是的，但仅仅会讲一点。［答案］D.()8Mr.Smithisanoldfriendof＿＿＿.AIBmeCmyDmine［析］这里应选名词性物主代词，这也是英语的一种习惯用法，而不要选择my。［答案］D.()9“＿＿＿doyouhearfromyourparents”“Aboutonceamonth.”AHowlongBHowmanyCHowoftenDHowmuch［析］Howoften问的是某一动作发生的频率，即在单位时间内发生多少次。［答案］C.()10MrGreenwouldn'tsay＿＿＿atthemeeting.AeverythingBnothingCanythingDsomething［析］在否定句中应用anything［答案］C.()11“Mum,Ann'scomingtonight.Let'sgiveher＿＿＿toeat.”“Goodidea!”AanythingniceBniceanythingCsomethingniceDnicesomething［析］一定句中用something而不用anything,不定代词的修饰词应放其后而不要放在其前面。［答案］C.()12—Whenshallwemeet,thiseveningortomorrowevening—Idon'tmind.＿＿＿timeisOK.ASomeBNeitherCEitherDBoth［析］因如选用both则名词要用复数名词，也要用复数谓语动词，由于答语前有Idon'tmind则决定不能选择neither.［答案］C.()13Thisisnotherkite,but＿＿＿.Ahe'sBhimCheDhis［析］要注意“他的”名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词是同形的。［答案］D.()14Don'tworry,Mum!＿＿＿newsisgoodnews.I'msuredaddywillcomebacksoon.ANoBManyCThoseDTwo［析］这是一条谚语，即没有消息就是好消息。［答案］A.()15Maryhassixapples.Herbrotherhasthree.Shehas＿＿＿applesthanhe.AfewBmanyCmoreDfewer［析］由于是比较级，根据题意应选“多于”而不是“少于”。［答案］C.()16Thereisn't＿＿＿intoday'snewspaper.AanythinginterestingBsomethinginterestingCnothinginterestingDinterestinganything［析］由于句子是否定句，应选择anything，而且不定代词的修饰语应放在其后面。［答案］A.()17September10this＿＿＿DayATeacherBTeachersCTeacher'sDTeachers'［析］教师节Teachers'Day,儿童节Children'sDay,妇女节Women'sDay()18—InEngland,peopleeatalotof“takeaway”food.Whataboutpeopleinyourcountry—＿＿＿ASowedo.BWedoso.CSodowe.DWesodo.［析］在答语中用简略方式表达上文的一个动作同样适用于另一个主语时，则要采用倒装句，但如果仅仅是对上句的重复则不要倒装。［答案］C.()19—Shallwegointothatshopandhavealook—Sorry.Iwon't.Ihave＿＿＿todothere.AeverythingBanythingCsomethingDnothing［析］这个答案的选择应由上下两句对话内容作出决定。［答案］D.()20—Oh,dear!Whobroketheglass—＿＿＿Sam＿＿＿Bruce.Itwasthecat.ABoth,andBNot,butCNeither,norDEither,or［析］neither…nor意为既不……也不……［答案］C.()21Thestudentsarehavingagoodtimeinthepark.Somearedrawingbythelake.＿＿＿areclimbingthehill.AOthersBOtherCAnotherDTheother［析］这里因为是代替复数名词，所以应用名词性的复数代名词。［答案］A.()22Sheisnotanurse.I'mnot＿＿＿.AalsoBeitherCneitherDtoo［析］在否定句中该用either,而不用too和also.［答案］B.()23Ihavetwopencils.Oneisred,＿＿＿isblue.AtheotherBanotherCothersDtheothers［析］两者中的另一个应为特指。而且应为单数形式的代名词。而another是泛指单数代名词。others是泛指复数代名词，而theothers是特指复数代名词。［答案］A.()24Sorry,Ican'tansweryourquestion.Iknow＿＿＿aboutthesubject.AlittleBalittleCfewDafew［析］中文讲我对此知道的不多，而英文中要用little。其含意为否定句。［答案］A.()25Mysisterdoesn'tlikeskating＿＿＿.ASodoIBSoIdon'tCNeitherIdon'tDNeitherdoI［析］这是表达上面否定句中的动作，也同样不适合.于第二个人。所以要用neither,并要采用倒装句。［答案］D.()26Yesterdaymorningtherewereonlythreeboysinourroom,＿＿＿.Ayou,heandIBI,youandheChe,IandyouDyou,Iandhe［析］这是若干人称代词并列时的顺序问题。请参看辨析中的例子。［答案］A.()27Allthestudentsarebusy,so＿＿＿ofthemwillgototheconcert.AmanyBlittleCafewDfew［答案］D.［析］student为可数名词。28Theteachergave＿＿＿studentanewbook.A