Unit4SpaceExploration重要题型专练-高一英语学与练（人教）

Unit4SpaceExploration重要题型专练一、阅读选择ARoyalfamilygatheratWindsorCastleforfirstEasterSundayservicewithouttheQueenonApril9th.Attendeesandmembersoftheroyalfamilyworeavarietyofstylishhatsthroughouttheceremony.Itisarequirementforallwomentowearhatsonroyaloccasions.Thisruledatesbacktothe1950swhenupperclassandroyalwomenwouldrarelyshowtheirhairinpublic,accordingtotheBBC．Hatswereoriginallywornforpracticalreasonssuchasprotectionfromthesun,rainorcoldweather,butquicklypeopleworethemforotherpurposes.Thetophat,forexample,wasreservedforupperclassmenandwaswornatformaleventssuchasweddingsandhorseraces.Womenalsousedhatstosignifysocialstatus,wealthandfashion.Thelargerthehat,thewealthierthewearerwasbelievedtobe.Inadditiontostatus,hatsplayedanimportantroleinBritishsocialetiquette.Menwereexpectedtoremovetheirhatsindoors,especiallyinformalsettings,toshowrespect.Women,ontheotherhand,weretoweartheirhatsuntilseatedfordinner,butthentheywereexpectedtoremovethem.Buthatswerenotalwaysasymbolofstatusandetiquette.Thebowlerhat,createdin1849,waswornbytheworkingclass,especiallythoseinvolvedintransportation.ThebowlerhatbecameaniconicitemofBritishfashion,wornbybothmenandwomen.Today,hatscontinuetobeanessentialpartofBritishculture,withmanyoldandnewhatshopsthroughoutthecountry.Thefedoraisalsomakingaebackamongyoungergenerations.ShoppinginhatshopsprovidesyouwithaglimpseofBritishhat.Caps,trilbies,beanies,andberetsarejustsomeofthestylesavailable.1．WhatisthesignificanceofthetophatinBritishculture?A．Itwaswornbytheworkingclass.B．Itwasapersonalstatementoffashion.C．Itwasusedtoprotectpeoplefromtherain.D．Itwaswornatformaleventsandsignifiedwealth.2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“etiquette”inparagraph3probablymean?A．Routine. B．Practice. C．Manners. D．Origin.3．WhichhatwaspopularamongpostmenandtraindriversinBritain?A．Tophat. B．Fedora. C．Bowlerhat. D．Beret.4．What’stheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A．ToattractmorevisitorstoBritain.B．TointroducethehatcultureinBritish.C．ToshowhisorheropinionsonBritishhats.D．TotellaninterestingstoryaboutBritishhats.【答案】1．D2．C3．C4．B【导语】本文是一篇说明文，本文介绍了英国的帽子文化。1．细节理解题。第二段提到“Thetophat,forexample,wasreservedforupperclassmenandwaswornatformaleventssuchasweddingsandhorseraces.Womenalsousedhatstosignifysocialstatus,wealthandfashion.Thelargerthehat,thewealthierthewearerwasbelievedtobe.”（例如，大礼帽是上流社会男性的专属，只有在婚礼和赛马等正式场合才会佩戴。女性也用帽子来象征社会地位、财富和时尚。人们认为帽子越大，佩戴者就越富有。）可以看出thetophat多佩戴于正式场合且用来彰显财富和社会地位。故选D。2．词句猜测题。第三段提到“Menwereexpectedtoremovetheirhatsindoors,especiallyinformalsettings,toshowrespect.Women,ontheotherhand,weretoweartheirhatsuntilseatedfordinner,butthentheywereexpectedtoremovethem.”（在室内，尤其是在正式场合，男性被要求脱帽以示尊重。另一方面，女性在就座前都要戴着帽子，但之后就得摘下帽子。）由此判断，在室内对于戴帽或者脱帽的礼仪都有非常严格的规定，由此得知etiquette意为“礼貌、礼仪、行为规范”。故选C。3．推理判断题。第四段提到“Thebowlerhat,createdin1849,waswornbytheworkingclass,especiallythoseinvolvedintransportation.”（圆顶硬礼帽发明于1849年，是工人阶级，尤其是从事交通运输的工人所戴的。）由此判断，硬圆礼帽是工人阶层戴的帽子样式，因此postmenandtraindriversinBritain(英国的邮递员和火车司机)最有可能佩戴的帽子为bowlerhat（圆顶硬礼帽）。故选C。4．推理判断题。第一段由英国王室出席仪式时的戴帽礼仪引出了英国关于戴帽子的历史。结合全文以及最后一段“Today,hatscontinuetobeanessentialpartofBritishculture,withmanyoldandnewhatshopsthroughoutthecountry.”（今天，帽子仍然是英国文化的重要组成部分，全国各地有许多新旧帽子店。）由此判断，这篇文章目的在于介绍英国帽子文化。故选B。B“It’sraining.It’spouring.Theoldmanissnoring(打鼾).Hebumpedhisheadwhenhewenttobed,andhecouldn’tgetupinthemorning.”Whycouldn’ttheoldmaninthechildren’ssonggetup?(Let’skindlysupposethathejustdidn’twanttogetup)Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebodywasstillproducingthehotmon(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.Buthowmuchdoesrainreallyaffectpeople’smoodsandbehavior?In2008,researchersfromtheUniversityofMinnesotaandLanzhouUniversitypublishedapaper.Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社会动荡)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.Buthowmightrainaffectsocialbehaviorinthemodernworld?A2009NewYorkTimesinvestigationfoundthatmurderratesinNewYorkdropsignificantlyonrainydays.Meanwhile,inBritain,DrPeterLangmeadJonesofGreaterManchesterpolicepublishedastudyin2015detailingananalysisof6.6millionpolicerecordsoveronedecadeinManchester.“Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowertherecordedcrime,”hesaid.LangmeadJonesalsofoundthatthereisastrongassociationbetweenheavyrainandrelativelyfewviolentcrimesrecordedincludingdomesticabuse(家庭暴力).Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.It’snotallgoodnewsthough.Onestudyin1997concludedthatthebehaviorofchildrencanpredictoningstorms—theywereobservedtoexhibittheirworstbehaviorwhenbarometric(气压的)pressurefell.Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomenaremuchmorelikelytobeaffectedpsychologicallybyrainandthattheyreportmuchlowerlevelsoflifesatisfactionthanmenonrainydays.Foralltheplaintsaboutrain,itdoeshavesomecharacteristicsthatholdbroadappeal.Thesoundofraindropscanbeveryfortingandoftenfeaturesinsleepinducingrelaxationapps.Thetheorybehindthisisthatthepitterpatterofraindropsisaformof“pinknoise”.Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.Soifit’srainingwhereyouare,thebestthingtodomaybetohaveanap.5．Theauthorusesthelyricsofasonginthefirstparagraphto________.A．introducetheinterestingsongtoreadersB．voicehisunderstandingofwhytheoldmancouldn’tgetuinthemorningC．illustrateonewaythatwetweatherinfluenceshumanbehaviorD．explainwhypeopleoftengetuplateonrainydays6．Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraph?A．Success. B．Prosperity. C．Failure. D．Development.7．AccordingtoDrPeterLangmeadJones,relativelyfewcrimesarerecordedonrainydaysbecause________.A．peopleprefertotakeanapathomewhenit’sraining B．mostpeoplearedepressedonrainydaysC．peoplearetoolazytogooutwhenit’sraining D．alcoholconsumptionisreducedduetowetweather8．Accordingtothearticle,theinfluencesthatrainydayshaveonhumanbehaviorinclude________.①decreasedgrainoutput

②relativelyfewcriminalrecords③higherchanceoffeelinglowinspirits

④morepossibilityoffeelingsleepyA．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④【答案】5．C6．C7．D8．D【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了雨对人类行为和情绪的影响。5．目的意图题。根据第一段中“Thiswaspossiblybecauseintheabsenceofsunlight,thebodywasstillproducingthehotmon(激素)melatonin(褪黑素),whichmakespeoplesleepy.（这可能是因为在没有阳光的环境下，身体仍在产生褪黑激素，让人昏昏欲睡。）”和第二段中“Therearemanywaysthatrainfallaffectshumanbehavior.（降雨影响人类行为的方式有很多。）”可知，作者在本段引用一句歌词是为了说明潮湿天气是影响人类行为的一种方式。故选C。6．词义猜测题。根据划线部分所在句“Theyproposedthatdecreasedrainfallwasinfluentialinsocialupheaval(社会动荡)andthedownfalloftheTang,YuanandMingdynastiesinancientChina.（他们提出，降雨减少是中国古代社会动荡和唐、元、明王朝灭亡的重要原因。）”和“Thisisthoughttoberelatedtoreducedricecultivation.（这被认为与水稻种植减少有关。）”可知，在以农耕为主的王朝，水稻种植的减少，最终会导致王朝覆灭。所以划线词downfall意为“灭亡”。故选C。7．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Thismightbebecauseheavyrainstopspeoplefromgoingouttobuyalcoholandthereducedalcoholconsumptionresultsinfewercrimes.（这可能是因为，由于下大雨，人们无法外出购买酒，而酒的消费量减少，导致犯罪减少。）”可知，LangmeadJones认为下雨天犯罪相对较少是因为酒的消费量减少。故选D。8．细节理解题。根据倒数第四段中“Theresearchshowedthattheheaviertherainfall,thelowertherecordedcrime（研究表明，降雨量越大，犯罪率就越低）”和倒数第二段中“Anotherstudyin2012foundthatwomen...thanmenonrainydays.（2012年的另一项研究发现，女性更容易受到下雨的心理影响，她们在雨天的生活满意度比男性低得多。）”和最后一段中“Thetheorybehindthisisthatthepitterpatterofraindropsisaformof‘pinknoise’.（背后的理论是，雨滴的噼啪声是一种“粉色噪音”。）”以及“Itcandecreasebrainactivityandconsequentlyimprovesthequalityofsleep.（这可以减少大脑活动，从而提高睡眠质量。）”可知，本文中提到下雨天对人行为的影响包括相对少的犯罪记录、情绪低落的几率更高以及更有可能犯困。故选D。CSkin:TheBody’sCanvasIfyoucouldtakeoffyourskinandlayitflat,itwouldcoveranareaofabout1.9squaremeters.Skinis,byfar,thebody’slargestorgan.Coveringalmosttheentirebody,skinprotectsusfromavarietyofexternalforces.Forexample,itprotectsusfromextremesoftemperature,damagingsunlight,harmfulchemicals,anddangerousinfections.Skinisalsopackedwithnerves,whichkeepsthebrainintouchwiththeoutsideworld.Thehealthofourskinanditsabilitytoperformitsprotectivefunctionsarecrucialtoourwellbeing.However,theappearanceofourskinisequallyifnotmoreimportanttomanypeopleonthisplanet.Takeskincolor,forexample.Yourgenesdetermineyourskin’scolor,butforcenturies,humanshavetriedtolightenordarkentheirskininanattempttobemoreattractive.Inthe1800s,whiteskinwasdesirableformanyEuropeans.Skinthiscolormeantthatitsownerwasamemberoftheupperclassanddidnothavetoworkinthesun.Amongdarkerskinnedpeopleinsomepartsoftheworld,productsusedtolightenskinarestillpopulartoday.Duringthe20thcentury,attitudestowardlightskinshiftedintheoppositedirectioninothercultures,ascitiesgrewandworkmovedindoors.Tannedskinbegantoindicateleisuretimeandhealth.Inmanyplacestoday,tanningonthebeachorinasalonremainspopular,eventhoughpeoplearemoreawareofthedangersofUVrays.IdentityandStatusJustaspeoplehavealteredtheirskin’scolortodenotewealthandbeauty,sotoohaveculturesaroundtheglobemarkedtheirskintoindicateculturalidentityormunitystatus.Tattooing,forexample,hasbeencarriedoutforthousandsofyears.LeadersinplacesincludingancientEgypt,Britain,andPeruworetattoostomarktheirstatus,ortheirbravery.Today,amongtheMaoripeopleofNewZealandaswellasinculturesinSamoa,Tahiti,andBorneo,fullfacialtattoosarestillusedtoidentifythewearerasamemberofacertainfamily.Thesetattooscanalsosymbolizetheperson’sachievementsinlife.InJapan,tattooinghasbeenpracticedforthousandsofyears,butwasoutlawedinthe19thcentury.Althoughtherearenolawsagainstittoday,tattoosarestillstronglyassociatedwithcriminalsparticularlytheyakuza,ortheJapanesemafia,whoareknownfortheirfullbodytattoos.Theplexdesignofayakuzamember’stattoousuallyincludessymbolsofcharactertraitsthatthewearerwantstohave.Theprocessofgettingafullbodytattooisbothslowandpainfulandcantaketwoyearsormoretoplete.Insomecultures,scarringamarkingcausedbycuttingorburningtheskinispracticed,usuallyamongpeoplewhohavedarkerskinonwhichatattoowouldbedifficulttosee.FormanymeninWestAfrica,forinstance,scarringisariteofpassageanactthatsymbolizesthatamalehasmaturedfromachildintoanadult.InAustralia,amongsomenativepeoples,cutsaremadeontheskinofbothmenandwomenwhentheyreachage16or17.Withoutthese,theyweretraditionallynotpermittedtotrade,singceremonialsongs,orparticipateinotheractivities.Notallskinmarkingsarepermanent,though.IncountriessuchasMoroccoandIndia,womendecoratetheirskinwithcolorfulhennadesignsforcelebrationssuchasweddingsandimportantreligiousholidays.Thehennacoloring,whichesfromaplant,fadesanddisappearsovertime.Inrecentyearsinmanyindustrializednations,tattooing,henna(散沫花染料)bodyart,and,toalesserdegree,scarringhavebeengaininginpopularity.Whatmakesthesepracticesappealingtothoselivinginmoderncities?AccordingtophotographerChrisRainier,whosebookAncientMarksexaminesbodymarkingsaroundtheglobe,peoplearelookingforaconnectionwiththetraditionalworld.“Thereisawholesectorofmodernsocietypeopleinsearchofidentity,peopleinsearchofmeaning,”saysRainier.“Hence,therehasbeenahugeexplosionoftattooingandbodymarking.”Rainierreasonsthatit’s“mankindwantingidentity,wantingasenseofplaceandasenseofculturewithintheirmunity.”9．Whatisthemainideaofparagraph1?A．Skincoversabout20squarefeet.B．Skincanbedamagedbysunlight’sultravioletrays.C．Skinisaveryimportantpartofthebody.D．Skincontainsmanynervecells.10．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Totellwhyskincolorwassociallyimportantinthe1800sB．ToexplainchangingattitudestowardsskincolorC．TomaketheconnectionbetweendarkskinandworkingoutdoorsD．Toexplainwhyindoortanningsalonsarepopular11．Inparagraph5,whatisariteofpassage?A．aceremonywhenchildrengettattoosB．atimewhenwomensingceremonialsongsC．aspecialholidayonthefullmoonD．aneventmarkinganimportanttransitioninlife12．WhichstatementwouldChrisRainiermostlylikelyagreewith?A．Peoplewhogettattoosareseekingidentityandtradition.B．Employersarenotsupportiveofworkerswithbodyart.C．Peoplelookingforidentityshouldwearethnicclothing.D．Inindustrializednations,fewerpeoplehavebodymarkings【答案】9．C10．B11．D12．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人体最大的器官——皮肤。9．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“However,theappearanceofourskinisequallyifnotmoreimportanttomanypeopleonthisplanet.（然而，我们的皮肤外观对这个星球上的许多人来说，即使不是更重要，也是同样重要的。）”可知，本段主要讲述的是皮肤人体的重要部分。故选择C项。10．推理判断提。根据第二段中“Inthe1800s,whiteskinwasdesirableformanyEuropeans.（在19世纪，许多欧洲人都喜欢白皮肤。）”以及“Duringthe20thcentury,attitudestowardlightskinshiftedintheoppositedirectioninothercultures,ascitiesgrewandworkmovedindoors.（在20世纪，随着城市的发展和工作转移到室内，其他文化对浅色皮肤的态度发生了相反的变化。）”可知，本段主要想要介绍人们对于肤色态度的转变，故选择B项。11．细节理解题。根据第五段中“FormanymeninWestAfrica,forinstance,scarringisariteofpassageanactthatsymbolizesthatamalehasmaturedfromachildintoanadult.（例如，对西非的许多男性来说，疤痕是一种成人仪式，象征着男性从儿童成熟为成年人。）”可知，成人礼是人们生活中的重要转变，故选择D项。12．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“peoplearelookingforaconnectionwiththetraditionalworld.（人们正在寻找与传统世界的联系。）”以及“Rainierreasonsthatit’s“mankindwantingidentity,wantingasenseofplaceandasenseofculturewithintheirmunity.”（雷尼尔解释说，这是“人类想要身份认同，想要社区内的地方感和文化感。”）”可知，克里斯·雷尼尔认为纹身是为了寻求身份与传统，故选择A项。DThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoeverallitisisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisinvisible.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.Howcanweseemusic?Neuroscientists(神经科学家)useMRImachinestolookinsidethebrain.Thesetoolsletthemseetheneurons,orbraincells,whichareinusewhenpeoplearelisteningtomusic.puterscreenslinkedtoMRIsshowthatwhenpeoplelistentomusic,neuronslightupinmanypartsofthebrain.Neuroscientistshavedscoveredthatitisn’tnecessarytohearmusicfortheneuronstolightup.Evenwhenyoujustthinkaboutasong,theseneuronslightup.Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.Negativefeelingssuchasfearoranxietymakeneuronsinadifferentarealightup.However,whenananxiousorfrightenedpersonlistenstopleasurablemusic,theseneuronsstoplightingup.Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.Accordingtoneuroscientists,usingmanypartsofthebrainatonetimegivesyourbrainagood“workout.”Readingmusicwhileplayingamusicalinstrumentusesmorepartsofthebrainsimultaneously(同时地)thanmostotheractivities.Itinvolvesbothphysicalmovementandmentalactivity,muchlikeplayingasportsuchassoccer.So,althoughMobyispletelycorrectthatwecannottouchmusic,itispossibleto“see”music.Thereisstillalottolearnabouttheeffectsofmusiconourbrain.However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.13．WhydoestheauthormentionMoby’sword?A．Todefinewhatmusicis.B．Tocallpeople’sattentiontomusic.C．Tointroducethestudyofseeingmusic.D．Toconfirmtheinvisiblefeatureofmusic.14．Inwhatsituationwilltheneuronslinkingtohappinessprobablylightup?A．Whenyouareworriedaboutyourexam.B．Whenyouarebusywithyourpresentation.C．Whenyouenjoyyourfavoritebrandofcoffee.D．Whenyoumissthedeadlineofyourhomework.15．Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Theadvantagesofmusicoversports.B．Thereasonsforthebenefitsofmusic.C．Thecausesoftheneuronslightingup.D．Thevarioushealingfunctionsofmusic.16．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardseffectsofmusic?A．Positive. B．Critical. C．Neutral. D．Dismissive.【答案】13．C14．C15．B16．A【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了神经科学家使用核磁共振成像仪来观察大脑内部，发现音乐对大脑有很大的影响。13．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“ThemusicianMobyoncesaid,“Musichasnoformwhatsoeverallitisisairmovingjustalittlebitdifferently.It’stheonlyartformthatyoucan’ttouch.”Itistruethatwecannottouchmusic,butthatdoesnotmeanthatmusicisinvisible.Thereis,infact,awayto“see”music.(音乐家莫比曾经说过：“音乐没有任何形式——它只是空气运动的一点点不同。”这是唯一一种你不能碰的艺术形式。”的确，我们不能触摸音乐，但这并不意味着音乐是看不见的。事实上，有一种方法可以“看”音乐。)”以及第二段首句“Howcanweseemusic?(我们怎么能看到音乐？)”可知，作者在第一段提到Moby的话是为了引出对“看音乐”这一研究。故选C。14．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Inaddition,thesameneuralactivityinthesamepartofthebrainhappenswhenpeopleexperienceotherpleasurableactivities.Forexample,someofthesameneuronslightupwhenweeatsomethingdeliciousorhugalovedone.(此外，当人们经历其他愉快的活动时，大脑的同一部分也会发生相同的神经活动。例如，当我们吃到美味的东西或拥抱爱人时，一些相同的神经元会被激活。)”可知，当人们经历其他愉快的活动时，大脑的同一部分也会发生相同的神经活动。由此可知，如果想让大脑中和愉快相关的神经激活，那么我们可以做一些让自己愉快的事。故选C。15．主旨大意题。根据文章第四段“Whydoesmusichavesomanybenefits?Theanswermaybebecauseitusessomanydifferentpartsofthebrain.(为什么音乐有这么多好处？答案可能是因为它使用了大脑的许多不同部位。)”可知，本段主要解释了音乐之所以有这么多好处的原因。故选B。16．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“However,thereisnodoubtthatscientistshaveshownthatmusicisanextremelypowerfulartformwithmanypositiveeffects.(然而，毫无疑问，科学家们已经证明，音乐是一种极其强大的艺术形式，具有许多积极的影响。)”可知，作者也赞同音乐有很多积极的影响。故选A。二、七选五Spaceiswhereourfutureis—tripstotheMoon,Marsandbeyond.Mostpeoplewouldthinkthatapartfromets(彗星)andstars,thereislittleelseoutthere.17Scientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedintheyearof1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperating.18However,sinceitkeptorbitingaroundtheEarthwithoutanyresults,scientistsbecameincreasinglyfortableabandoningthingsthatnolongerservedanyusefulpurposeinspace.19Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemilliondollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravellingspaceship.Inadditiontothis,manypiecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.20Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.21Theywillstoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.A．Itlostitsconnectionwiththegroundcentre.B．Toavoidthis,scientistshaveinventedseveralwaysforclearingthesky.C．ThejunkfloatsslowlyaroundtheEarth.D．However,sinceourspacejourneystarted,wehaveleftmuchtrashinspace.E．Itissaidthattherearenowover500,000piecesofmanmadetrashorbitingtheEarthatspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour.F．Futureplansincludeacooperativeeffortamongmanynations.G．Ithasn’tresultedinanyseriousproblemsuptonow.【答案】17．D18．A19．E20．B21．F【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了第一片人造太空垃圾是一个破碎的卫星，因为它没有造成任何问题，所以科学家最初并没有关心太空垃圾。随着太空垃圾越来越多，科学家意识到如果不及时清理太空垃圾，人类将面临危险。17．根据下文“Scientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.(科学家们现在担心，如果我们不清理它，我们都可能处于巨大的危险之中)”可知，空处应是说太空垃圾越来越多，因此引起了科学家的担心，D选项“然而，自从我们的太空之旅开始以来，我们在太空中留下了许多垃圾”符合题意。故选D项。18．根据上文“Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedintheyearof1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardIstoppedoperating.(第一块太空垃圾产生于1964年，当时美国的先锋一号卫星停止运行)”可知，卫星停止运作当然会造成卫星和地面的中心失去联系，A选项“它与地面中心失去了联系”符合题意。故选A项。19．根据下文“Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemilliondollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.(这些垃圾从火箭上脱落的小块油漆到照相机、巨大的燃料箱不等，甚至还有一些奇怪的东西，比如宇航员HeidemarieStefanyshynPiper在太空行走中丢失的价值百万美元的工具包)”可知，此段涉及太空中各种各样的垃圾，E选项“据说现在有50多万人造垃圾以每小时17500英里的速度环绕地球”符合题意。故选E项。20．上文“Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravellingspaceship.Inadditiontothis,manypiecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.(太空垃圾的主要问题是它可能会撞击工作中的卫星并损坏飞行中的宇宙飞船。除此之外，许多垃圾碎片可能会相互碰撞，破撞成碎片，落回地球)”提到太空垃圾的危害，下文“Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.(已经建立了地面站来监测较大的太空垃圾，以防止它们撞到正在工作的卫星或航天飞机上)”是减少太空垃圾危害的措施，故空处应是说科学家寻求解决太空垃圾的办法，下文就是介绍具体的处理办法，B选项“为了避免这种情况，科学家们发明了几种清理太空的方法”符合题意。故选B项。21．下文“Theywillstoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.(他们将停止在太空中乱扔垃圾，并清理已经存在的垃圾)”提到他们将停止在太空乱扔垃圾，并清理已经存在的垃圾，空处应是描述另一解决太空垃圾的计划，指明下文“They”的指代对象，故F选项“未来的计划包括许多国家之间的合作努力”符合题意，They指的是F项中的“manynations”，故选F项。三、完形填空Theearthquake（地震）wasoverandthecitywasinruins.Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhomewhenallthe22hadstoppedasaresultofthequake.OnmywayhomeI23anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread,whichmademyheart24.Amanwasholdingasignsaying,"Pleaseuseour25."Hewas26hishouseforpeopletogotothebathroom.Myfriend,whowantedtobeofhelptoothers,stoodinthecoldwithasign"Ifyoudon't27acar,I'llbegladtodriveyouhome."AndthenIsawhimpickupanoldmananddrivehimallthewaytoafarawayplace!ThennextdayIdrovetohavemycarfilledup.Therewasnotenough28nowandmanygasstationswereeitherclosedorhavevery29lines.Igotworried,sinceIwasbehindfifteencars.Finally,whenmyturncame,themansmiledandsaid,"30thisterribleearthquake,weareonlygiving$30worthgasperperson.Isthatalright?""31.It'snicethatweareallabletoshare,"Isaid.Hissmilegavemesomuchfort.AttheescapecentreIsawaman32whenpeoplebroughtfoodtohim.Itwasthefirsttimeinthreedaysthatfoodhadbeenbroughttotheircentre.However,afterhecleanedupthetears,hisnext33surprisedme."Iamvery34thatweareprovidedwithfood.Butpeopleinthecitynexttoushaven't35anyfoodatall.Pleasegotothatcentreaswell."Hearingthat,Ibelievedtherewasabrightfutureontheothersideofthis36.22．A．life B．business C．rescue D．traffic23．A．noticed B．missed C．ignored D．told24．A．kind B．broken C．warm D．empty25．A．hotel B．toilet C．hospital D．car26．A．opening B．selling C．repairing D．building27．A．buy B．care C．matter D．have28．A．gas B．information C．food D．water29．A．direct B．fine C．long D．thin30．A．Exceptfor B．Togetherwith C．Insteadof D．Becauseof31．A．Notatall B．Ofcourse C．Noway D．Nevermind32．A．crying B．eating C．smiling D．singing33．A．ways B．roles C．words D．promises34．A．sure B．grateful C．surprised D．proud35．A．bought B．wasted C．prepared D．received36．A．disaster B．chance C．city D．centre【答案】22．D23．A24．C25．B26．A27．D28．A29．C30．D31．B32．A33．C34．B35．D36．C【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者所生活的城市遭受了地震，很多人的无私援助让作者感到温暖，而一些受灾群众的举动也让作者感到这个城市会有光明的未来。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我别无选择，只能步行回家，因为所有的交通都因为地震而停运了。A.life生活；B.business生意；C.rescue救援；D.traffic交通。根据“Ihadnochoicebuttowalkhome”可知，地震使得交通瘫痪，作者只能步行回家，故选D。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在回家的路上，我注意到一位面包店的老太太在免费分发面包，这让我感到很温暖。A.noticed注意到；B.missed想念；C.ignored忽视；D.told告诉。下文“anoldladyatabakeryshopgivingoutfreebread”是作者在回家的路上看到的暖心一幕，故选A。24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.kind善良的；B.broken破碎的；C.warm温暖的；D.empty空的。根据语境，地震后老太太免费分发面包的一幕让作者感到很温暖，故选C。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一名男子举着一块牌子，上面写着：“请用我们的卫生间。”A.hotel酒店；B.toilet卫生间；C.hospital医院；D.car轿车。根据下文“thebathroom”可知此处指“卫生间”，故选B。26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打开家门让人们使用卫生间。A.opening打开、开放；B.selling销售；C.repairing修理；D.building建造。根据“hishouseforpeopletogotothebathroom.”可知，他打开家门让人们使用卫生间，故选A。27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友想帮助别人，他冒着严寒站在那里，举着一个牌子：“如果你没有车，我很乐意开车送你回家”。A.buy买；B.care在乎；C.matter要紧；D.have有。根据“I'llbegladtodriveyouhome.”可知，他主动提出开车送没有车的人回家，故选D。28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在没有足够的汽油，许多加油站要么关闭，要么排很长的队。A.gas汽油；B.information信息；C.food食物；D.water水。根据下文“gasstations”可知此处指汽油供应不足，故选A。29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A.direct直接的；B.fine好的；C.long长的；D.thin瘦的。根据语境和常识，由于汽油供应不足，加油需要排很长的队，故选C。30．考查介词短语辨析。句意：最后，轮到我的时候，那个人笑着说：“由于这场大地震，我们每人只提供价值30美元的汽油，可以么？”A.Exceptfor除了；B.Togetherwith和、与……一起；C.Insteadof而不是；D.Becauseof由于。根据语境，地震是造成汽油供应不足的原因，故选D。31．考查固定短语辨析。句意：当然（可以）。A.Notatall没关系；B.Ofcourse当然；C.Noway不可能；D.Nevermind不客气。根据“It'snicethatweareallabletoshare”可知，作者同意工作人员的说法，故选B。32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在紧急避难中心，我看到一个人在别人给他送食物时哭了。A.crying哭；B.eating吃；C.smiling微笑；D.singing歌唱。根据下文“afterhecleanedupthetears”可知，他感动得哭了，故选A。33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他擦干眼泪后，他接下来的话让我吃惊。A.ways方法；B.roles角色；C.words话语；D.promises承诺。下文引号里的内容是那个人说的话，故选C。34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我很感激我们有食物吃。但在我们隔壁的城市里，人们根本没有收到任何食物。请也去那个避难中心（送食物）。A.sure确定的；B.grateful感激的；C.surprised惊讶的；D.proud骄傲的。根据语境和常识，在地震后得到食物应该是非常感激的，故选B。35．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.bought买；B.wasted浪费；C.prepared准备；D.received收到。根据转折连词But及下文“Pleasegotothatcentreaswell.”可知，隔壁城市的受灾群众根本没有收到任何食物，故选D。36．考查名词词义辨析。句意：听到这些，我相信在这个城市有一个光明的未来。A.disaster灾难；B.chance机会；C.city城市；D.centre中心。根据文章开头“thecitywasinruins”可知，作者相信在这个城市有一个光明的未来，故选C。四、语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。DumplingsarethemostessentialandpopularfoodforChinesepeople,especiallyinnorthernChina.Thereisalegend(传说)forthis37(tradition)food.ZhangZhongjing,afamousmedicalscientistattheendoftheEasternHanDynasty,foundthathisfellowtownsmensufferedfromcoldnessandhungerinwinter.