中医学复习资料：中医单词

一、绪论

中医学TraditionalChineseMedicine)

阴阳属性的划分discriminationofyin-yangattribute

阴阳的对立制约oppositionofyinandyang

阴阳的互根互用mutualrootingofyinandyang

阴阳的消长和平衡waxingandwaningofyinandyang

阴阳的相互转化yin-yangconversion

重阴必阳extremeyinresemblingyang

重阳必阴extremeyangresemblingyin

阴阳互损Mutualinvolvementofyinandyang

阴损及阳YangdeficiencyaffectsYin

阳损及阴YindeficiencyaffectsYang

损其有余Reducingthesurplus

热者寒之coolingwhatishot

寒者热之heatingwhatiscool

补其不足Reinforcingthedeficient

滋阴降火nourishingyin

温阳除寒warmingyang

脏腑VisceraandBowels

藏象visceralmanifestation

五脏fiveviscera

心heart

肝liver

脾spleen

肺lung

肾kidney

六腑sixbowels

大肠largeintestine

〃、肠smallintestine

胆gallbladder

膀胱bladder

胃stomach

三焦tripleenergizers

上焦upperenergizer

中焦middleenergizer

下焦lowerenergizer

奇恒之腑extraordinaryorgans

脑brain

髓marrow骨bone

脉vessel

胆gallbladder

女子胞uterus

藏精气而不泻storingessencewithoutleaking”

传化物而不藏digestingandtransportingfoodanddrinkwithoutstoringessence

“肺与大肠lungbeingconnectedwithlargeintestine

主气,司呼吸lunggoverningqiofthewholebodyandcontrollingbreathing

宗气ancestralqi

气机qimovement

升、降、出、入upward,downwardjnwardandoutwardmovement

司呼吸lungcontrollingbreathing

主宣发lunggoverningdiffusion

卫气defenseqi

媵理interstices

主肃.降lunggoverningpurificationanddown-sending

通调水道lunggoverningregulatethewaterways

朝百脉、主治节managementandregulation

在体合皮，其华在毛

lunggoverningskinandbodyhair

开窍于鼻lungopeningatnose

传化糟粕

Transformandconveythewaste

传导之官officialoftransportation

脏腑辨证

VisceralSyndromeDifferentiation

邪正盛衰(exuberanceanddebilitationofthehealthyqiorpathogenicqi)

肺与大肠关系lungbeingconnectedwithlargeintestine

肺lung

肺的生理功能majorfunctionsofthelung

主气、司呼吸lunggoverningqiofthewholebodyand

controllingbreathing

宗气ancestralqi

气的运动/气机qimovement

卫气defenseqi

媵理interstices

气的升、降、出、入

upward,downwardjnwardandoutwardmovement

司呼吸lungcontrollingbreathing主宣发lunggoverningdiffusion

主肃降lunggoverningpurificationanddown-sending

通调水道lunggoverningregulatethewaterways

水之上源uppersourceofwater

朝百脉、lungconnectingallvessels

主治节lunggoverningmanagementandregulation

节气solarterm

肺的系统连属relationshipsoflung

在体合皮，其华在毛lunggoverningskinandbodyhair

开窍于鼻lungopeningatnose

大肠largeintestine

大肠的生理功能functionsoflargeintestine

传化糟Transformandconveythewaste

传导之官officialoftransportation

肝与胆关系liverbeingconnectedwithgallbladder

肝liver

肝为刚脏unyieldingviscus

肝的主要生理功能majorfunctionsoftheliver

主疏泄freecoursing

调畅气机moothingqidynamic

促进脾胃运化Promotingtransformationandtransportationofthespleenand

stomach

调节男子排精、女子排卵Beingconductivetoejaculationinmenand

menstruationinwomen

冲脉thoroughfarevessel

任脉conceptionvesse

主藏血、贮藏血量liverstoringblood

系统联属relationshipsofliver

开窍于目liveropeningateye

胆gallbladder

贮藏、排泄胆汁Gallbladderistostoreandexcretethebile

中正之官fu-viscerawithdecisivecharacter

脾与胃的关系spleenbeingconnectedwithstomach

脾脏spleen

月夷脏pancreas

脾的生理功能Majorfunctionsofthespleen

主运化spleengoverningtransportationandtransformation

运化水谷transportingandtransformingnutrientsfromfoodstuff

脾气健运thefunctionalactivitiesofthespleenmanifestinginnormaltransformation

andtransportation

脾为气血生化之源sourceofgeneratingQIandblood

运化水液（水湿）transformationofbodyflaud

主统血spleencontrollingblood

升清ascendingclear牌喜燥恶湿spleenlikingdrynessanddislikingdampness

系统连属relationshipsofspleen

在体合肉，主四肢spleengoverninglimbsandmuscles

其华在唇，开窍于口spleenopeningatmouth

胃stomach

胃的生理功能functionsofstomach

主受纳，腐熟水谷stomachreceivingfoodanddrink

降downbearingtheturbid

胃喜润恶燥stomachlikingmoistnessanddislikingdryness

肾与膀胱关系kidneybeingconnectedwithbladder

主藏精kidneystoringessence

先天之精innateessence

后天之精acquiredessence

先天之本rootofinnateendowment

主水Kidneygoverningwatermetabolism

主纳气qiabsorption

系统联属relationshipofkidney

开窍于耳kidneyopeningatear

膀胱bladder

贮尿、排尿storeanddischargeurine

膀胱气化bladderqitransformation

肾与膀胱的关系kidneybeingconnectedwithbladder

气血津液

精ESSENCE,

气Qi

血BLOOD

津液BODYFLUID

脏腑ZangandFuorgans

气的生成FormationofQi

先天之精气congenitalQi

自然界之清气freshairfromthenaturalworld

水谷之精气cerealessence

气的升降出入ascending,descending,exitingandentering

气机Qiji

气机调畅regulateQiji

气机失调maladjustmentofQiji

推动作用PromotingActionofQi

气虚Qi-deficiency

温煦作用WarmingActionofQi

气盛(气聚过多、郁而化火)excessofQi(Qidepressiontransformingintofire)

防御作用DefendingActionofQi

卫气defensiveQi

正气vitalQi一、绪论

中医学TraditionalChineseMedicine)

阴阳属性的划分discriminationofyin-yangattribute

阴阳的对立制约oppositionofyinandyang

阴阳的互根互用mutualrootingofyinandyang

阴阳的消长和平衡waxingandwaningofyinandyang

阴阳的相互转化yin-yangconversion

重阴必阳extremeyinresemblingyang

重阳必阴extremeyangresemblingyin

阴阳互损Mutualinvolvementofyinandyang

阴损及阳YangdeficiencyaffectsYin

阳损及阴YindeficiencyaffectsYang

损其有余Reducingthesurplus

热者寒之coolingwhatishot

寒者热之heatingwhatiscool

补其不足Reinforcingthedeficient

滋阴降火nourishingyin

温阳除寒warmingyang

脏腑VisceraandBowels

藏象visceralmanifestation

五脏fiveviscera

心heart

肝liver

脾spleen

肺lung

肾kidney

六腑sixbowels

大肠largeintestine

小肠smallintestine

胆gallbladder

膀胱bladder

胃stomach

三焦tripleenergizers

上焦upperenergizer

中焦middleenergizer

下焦lowerenergizer

奇恒之腑extraordinaryorgans

脑brain

髓marrow实热excessiveheatsyndrome

虚热deficiencyheatsyndrome

恶寒发热Aversiontocoldandfever

但寒不热Coldwithoutfever

但热不寒Feverwithoutcold

壮热Highfever

低热Mildfever

潮热Tidalfever

寒热往来Alternatecoldandfever

问汗Inquiryofsweating

自汗Spontaneoussweating

盗汗Nightsweating

大汗Profusesweating

战汗Sweatingfollowingshivering

绝汗exhaustionsweating

头汗Headsweating

手足心汗Sweatingoverpalmsandsc

半身汗Hemihidrosis

问疼痛Inquiryofpain

八纲辨证

辨证论治treatmentdeterminationbasedonsyndromedifferentiation

辨证syndromedifferentiation

证syndrome

病disease

四诊fourdiagnosticmethods

阴、阳yin-yang

表、里exteriorandinterior

寒、热coldandheat

虚、实deficiencyandexcess

八纲辨证thedifferentiationofeightprincipalsyndromes

表里辨证thedifferentiationofexteriorandinteriorsyndromes

表证exteriorsydromes

六淫邪气Sixclimaticfactorsinexcess

风邪thewind

寒邪thecold

暑邪thesummer-heat

湿邪thedampness

燥邪thedryness

火邪thefire固摄作用ControllingActionofQi

气化作用ActionofQiTransformation

元气(原气、真气)

primordialQi(yuanQi)zgenuineQi(zhenQi)

肾中精气essenceQistoredinthekidney

宗气PectoralQi

营气nutrientQi

营阴nutritiveyin(ying-yin)

营血nutritiveblood

卫气DefensiveQi

卫阳defensiveyang

营养Nourish

滋润moisten

血虚blooddeficiency

生成Formation

输布distribution

排泄excretion

津液不足insufficientbodyfluid

水液停留retentionofwater

气为血之帅Qiisthe"commander"ofblood

气能生血Qiproducesblood

气能行血Qipromotesblood

气能摄血Qicontrolsblood

血为气之母bloodisthe"mother"ofQi

血能养气bloodisacarrierofQi

血能载气bloodprovidesadequatenutrientsforQi

气能生津Qiproducesbodyfluid

气能行津Qipromotesthetransportationofbodyfluid.

气能摄津Qicontrolsbodyfluid

津能载气bodyfluidisacarrierofQi

津血同源bodyfluidandbloodarederivedfromacommonsource.

病因病机EtiologyandPathologicalMechanism

病机Pathogenesis

“证”syndrome

“症”symptom

六淫TheSixClimaticEvils

六气thesixclimaticfactors

内生五邪"Thefiveendogenouspathogens

暑邪Summer-heat

湿邪Damp

燥邪Dryness

火（热）邪Fire(Heat)

七情SevenEmotions恶寒发热Chills,fever

里证interiorsyndromes

寒热辨证thedifferentiationofcoldandheatsyndromes

寒证coldsyndromes

病因etiology

热证heatsyndromes

虚实辨证thedifferentiationofexcessanddeficiencysyndromes

虚证deficiencysyndrome

气虚证qideficiencysyndromes

血虚证Blooddeficiencysyndromes

阴虚证yindeficiencysyndromes

阳虚证yangdeficiencysyndromes

实证excesssyndromes

阴阳辨thedifferentiationofyin-yangsyndromes

阴证yinsyndrome

阳证yangsyndromes

亡阳证yangdepletionsyndromes

亡阴证yindepletionsyndromes

脏腑辨证

Thedifferentiationofsyndromesinaccordancewiththetheoryofzang-fuorgans

心与小肠病辨证syndromesdifferentiationofheartandsmallintestine

心气虚syndromesofdeficiencyofheartqi

心阳虚syndromesofdeficiencyofheartyang

心血虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofheartblood

心阴虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofheartyin

心血瘀阻证syndromesofblockadeofheartvessel

小肠实热证syndromesofexcessiveheatofsmallintestine

肺与大肠病辨证syndromesdifferentiationoflungandlargeintestine

肺气虚证syndromesofdeficiencyoflungqi

肺阴虚证syndromesofdeficiencyoflungyin

风寒束肺证syndromesofwind-coldattackinglung

风热犯肺证syndromesofwind-heatinvadinglung

痰热壅肺证syndromesofphlegm-heatobstructinglung

大肠湿热证syndromesofdampness-heatinlargeintestine

大肠热结证syndromesofheataccumulatedinlargeintestine

脾与胃病辨证syndromesdifferentiationofspleenandstomach

脾气虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofspleenqi散寒止痛

dispersecoldandrelievepain

风寒湿痹bi-syndromeofwind-cold-dampness

外感风寒夹湿证superficialsyndromewithwind-cold-damp

清虚热cleardeficient-heat

清利湿热removedamp-heat

阴虚内热证yinvacuityinternalheat

湿热黄疸jaundiceofdampness-heat

祛湿药damp-removingmedicinal

去除湿邪，治疗水湿停聚和湿阻证Removedampness,treatwater-damp

collection

化湿燥湿damp-resolvingmedicinal

利水渗湿damp-drainingdiuretic

清热利湿clearheatandeliminatedampness

化湿resolvedamp

解暑clearsummer-heat

止呕stopvomiting

辛温解表dispersecoldrelieveexterior

湿阻证syndromeofdampnessobstruction

暑湿summer-dampsyndrome

湿阻脾胃之呕吐vomitingduetodampnessobstruction

燥湿健脾drydampnessandinvigoratethespleen

祛风除湿dispelwind-cold

散寒解表dispersecoldandrelievetheexterior

养肝明目nourishtheliverandimprovevision

湿阻中焦retentionofdampnessinthemiddle

夜盲证nightblindness

利水渗湿damp-drainingdiuretic

健脾补中invigoratethespleen

安神宁心quietthespirit

水湿内停，小便不利edema,dysury

脾虚湿困spleenvacuitywithdampencumbrance

心神不宁disquietedheartspirit

清利湿热clearheatandeliminatedampness

退黄疸drainthegallbladdertorelievejaundice

除湿止痒dispeldampnessandstopitching

肝胆湿热liver-gallbladder

黄疸jaundice

湿疹瘙痒eczema,dampsore,itching

清利湿热clearheatandeliminatedampness

排石退黄expelstonesandrelievejaundice

解毒消肿eliminatetoxicmaterialsandrelieveswelling

湿热证damp-heat

湿热黄疸jaundiceofdamp-heattype

毒蛇咬伤、痈疮肿毒snakebite,poisoning.swelling辛温解表药

wind-cold-dispersingmedicinal

辛温解表despersecold,relieveexterior

宣肺平喘ventilatelung,relievedyspnea

利水消肿promoteurinationandalleviateedema

主治indications

风寒表证exteriorsyndromeofwind-cold

喘证dyspnea

水肿证edema

温经通脉warmthechannels,unblockmeridians

助阳化气reinforceyang,promoteqitransformation

风寒表证exteriorsyndromeofwind-cold

胸痹chestimpediment

痛经menstrualpain

痹证impedimentpattern

水湿内停证water-dampcollectioninternally

祛风解表Expelswind,relieveexterior

透疹止痒promoteeruptionstopitching

散瘀止血removebloodstasisandstopbleeding

出疹瘙痒rubella,itching

瘀血出血trauma,bleeding

除湿止痛dispeldampness,stoppain

祛风止痉relievewind,stopspasm

风湿痛证Wind-dampnessandarthralgicpain

抽搐convulsion

辛凉解表药wind-warm-dispersingmedicinal

疏散风热dispelwind-heat

和解表里harmonizetheexteriorandinterior

疏肝解郁soothliver,relievedepression

升阳举陷raiseyangqi

风热表证exteriorsyndromeofwind-heat

半表半里证（少阳经证）shaoyangsyndrome

肝气郁结liverqidepression

气陷证qifall

疏散风热dispelwind-heat

清利头目clearheadandeyes

利咽透疹soothethroat,promoteeruption

风热表证exteriorsyndromeofwind-heat

风热上攻wind-heatattackingupward

热毒heattoxin

平肝明目pacifyliver,improvevision

清热解毒clearheat,relievetoxicity

祛风湿药removingwind-dampmedicinal

祛风除湿，治疗痹证Expelswindandremovingdampness,treat

bi-syndrome脾阳虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofspleenyang

脾气下陷证syndromesofsinkingofqiduetospleendeficiency

脾不统血证syndromesofspleenfailingtomanageblood

脾胃湿热证syndromesofdampness-heatofspleenandstomach

食滞胃脱证syndromesofretentionoffoodinstomach

肝与胆病辨证syndromesdifferentiationofliverandgallbladder

肝气郁结证syndromesofstagnationofliverqi

肝火上炎证syndromesofliverfireflaringup

肝阴虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofliveryin

肝阳上亢证syndromesofupperhyperactivityofliveryang

肝胆湿热证syndromesofdampness-heatofliverandgallbladder

肾与膀胱病辨证syndromesdifferentiationofkidneyandbladder

肾阳虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofkidneyyang

肾阴虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofkidneyyin

膀胱湿热证syndromesofdampness-heatofbladder

脏腑兼病辨证

心脾两虚证syndromesofdeficiencyofbothheartandspleen

心肾不交证syndromesofdisharmonybetweenheartandkidney

肝胃不和证syndromesofincoordinationbetweenliverandstomach

中药的四气五味thefour-natureandthefive-flavortheory

四气fournatureofdrugs

寒cold

热hot

温warm

凉cool

五味fiveflavours

辛pungent

甘sweet

酸sour

苦bitter

咸salty

解表药superficies-releasingmedicinal

功效efficacies

发散表邪，解除表证disperseexteriorpathogens,releaseexteriorsyndrome

辛凉：疏散风热，治疗表热证pungent-cold:dispersewind-warm,treatexterior

syndromeofwind-warm

辛温：发散风寒，治疗表寒证pungent-warm:dispersewind-cold,treatexterior

syndromeofwind-cold

耗气伤阴damageyangqiandbodyfluids“内伤七情"internalinjury

causedbytheseven

情志刺激emotionalstimuli

五志"fiveemotions

饮食Diet

痰饮Retentionofphlegmandfluid

“百病多由痰作祟”“alldiseasesarecausedbyphlegm”

瘀血Stagnantblood

阴阳失调Disordersofyinandyang

气机失常Disturbanceofactivityofqi

气滞Stagnancyofqi

气逆Reversedflowofqi

气陷Qisinking

气闭QiBlockage

气脱Qicollapse

诊法Diagnosticmethods

望神Inspectionofspirit

得神existenceofspirit

失神Lossofspirit

假神Falsespirit

少神lackofspirit

望色Inspectionofcomplexion

"五色主病"Diseasesindicatedbythefivekindsofcolour

望舌（舌诊）Inspectionoftongue

舌质（舌体）Tonguebody

舌苔tonguefur

望舌质Inspectionofthetonguebody

舌神Tonguespirit

舌色Colourofthetongue

舌形Shapeoftongue

舌态Movementofthetongue

望舌苔Inspectionoftonguefur

苔色Thecoloursoftonguefur

苔质Natureofthetonguefur

闻诊Listeningandolfaction

问诊Inquiry

问寒热Inquiryoffeverandcold

恶寒dislikingcold

畏寒Fearingcold消食化积promotedigestionandrelievedyspepsia

食积（肉积），食欲不振indigestioncausedbyeatingmeatandfat

消食和胃promotedigestionandharmonizethestomach

食积（各类型），食欲不振indigestion

泻下药precipitation

通泻大便，解除胃肠积滞causediarrhearelieveconstipation

攻下offensiveprecipitation

润下moistprecipitation

泻热通便clearheatbypurgation

逐瘀通经activebloodandremovebloodstasis

热结便秘，腑气彳、通Constipationduetostagnationofheat

热毒证，血热之出血heat-toxin,bleedingduetoblood-heat

软坚泻下softendriedfecestoinducedownwarddischarging

热结便秘，腑气不通Constipationduetostagnationofheat

祛痰止咳平喘药phlegm-resolvingandcoughanddyspnea-relieving

medicinal

祛除痰涎，止咳平喘dispeloreliminatephlegmrelieveorstopcoughand

dyspnea

清热化痰：热痰Clearheatandresolvephlegm

温化寒痰：寒痰Warmandtransformphlegm-cool

止咳平喘Stopcoughandrelievedyspnea

散结消肿dissipatemassandrelieveswelling

热痰证heat-phlegmpattern

燥湿化痰drydampnessandresolvephlegm

降逆止呕suppressadverseriseofqitostopvomiting

消痞散结relievestuffinessanddissipatenodulation

寒痰证cool-phlegmpattern

湿痰证damp-phlegmpattern

痰核、痈疮largecarbuncle,subcutaneousnodule

润肠通便moistenintestineandreleasebowels

肠燥便秘constipationduetointestinaldryness

祛痰止咳eliminatephlegmandrelieve

宣肺利咽disperselungqiandrelieve

排脓消痈drainpusandkillabscess

咽喉疾病diseaseofthroatsorethroat,aphonia

肺痈pulmonaryabscess

温里药interior-warmingmedicinal

温补阳气温热散寒治疗里寒证Warmandsupplementyang,warmthe

interioranddispelcold

温里助阳warminteriorandstrengthenyang

回阳救逆restoreyangfromcollapse

祛寒止痛dispersecoldtostoppain

里寒证interiorcoldsyndrome

亡阳证syndromeofyangexhaustion痹证痛经腹痛

cold-bisyndrome

温里散寒warmtheinterioranddispelcold

补火助阳reinforcefireandstrengthenyang

散寒止痛dispersecoldtostoppain

温经通脉warmmeridiansandunblockcollaterals

阳虚证syndromeofyangdeficiency

寒性疼痛allpainduetocold

寒凝经脉coldcongealinginvessel

理气药Qi-regulatingmedicinal

疏通气机，行气解郁，治疗气滞证regulateqisystemandmovements,promoteqi

flowTreatdisorderofqi

理气调中regulateqiandinvigoratespleen

燥湿化痰drydampnessandresolvephlegm

脾胃气滞qistagnationofspleenandstomach

痰湿阻肺dampandphlegmobstructthelung

湿浊中阻dampturbidityobstructthemiddleenergizer

破气消积breakqiandremovefoodretention

化痰除痞resolvephlegmanddissipatemass

气滞证qistagnation

胸痹chestimpediment

心下痞满epigastricstuffiness

理血药regulatethegenerationandmovementsofbloodmedicinal

活血化瘀blood-activatingandstasis-resolving

止血hemostaticmedicinal

补血bloodtonic

活血化瘀药blood-activatingandstasis-resolvingmedicinal

行气活血activatebloodandmoveqi

祛风止痛expelwindandalleviatepain

气滞血淤stagnationofbloodandqi

功效efficacies

主治indications

活血祛淤activatebloodandresolvestasis

祛淤止痛resolvestasisandalleviatepain

凉血消痈coolthebloodtorelievecarbuncle

清心除烦cleartheheartandtranquilizethemind

瘀血症blood-stasissyndrome

胸痹心痛chest-bisyndrome

疮疡swellingabscess

热扰心神insomniaduetoheatinvadingtheheart

润肠通便moistentheintestineandrelaxbowels

肠燥便秘constipationduetointestinaldryness

通经止痛freemenstruationandalleviatepain

闭经、痛经、胸痹amenorrhea,dysmenorrheal,chest-bisyndrome

止血药hemostaticmedicinal清热&药

heat-clearingmedicinal

清除热邪，解除里热证clearinteriorheat,treatthesyndromeofinteriorheat

清热泻火heat-clearingandfire-purging

清热凉血heat-clearingandblood-cooling

清热燥湿heat-clearinganddampness-drying

清热解暑heat-clearingandsummerheat

除烦止渴relieveagitation,stopthirst

生肌收敛healwoundsandpromoteregeneration

气分实热证excessiveheatinqilevel

热证之烦渴vexationandthirstduetoheat

溃疡久不收口ulcersfailingtoheal

滋阴降火generatefluidanddownbearfire

生津润燥generateliquidandmoistendryness

阴虚内热证yin-deficiencyinternalheat

内热伤津，消渴证internalheatandliquid-deficiency,diabetes

泻火除烦purgefire,relieveagitation

凉血解毒coolbloodandrelievetoxicity

实热实火证excessiveheat(fire)pattern

湿热证damp-heatpattern

血热证，热毒证bloodheat,heattoxinpattern

疏散风热dispersewindanddischargeheat

凉血止痢coolbloodandstopdysentery

温病初起，热毒证heattoxinpattern,earlystageofwarmdisease

表热证externalheatpattern

热毒痢证