罗斯福新政英文课件

TheNewDealIntroductionI.FranklinD.RooseveltII.BackgroundIII.Implement:Stage,content,measuresIV.EssenceV.FeaturesVI.InfluenceI.FranklinDelanoRooseveltHewasthe32ndPresidentoftheUnitedStates(1933-1945)andacentralfigureinworldeventsduringthemid-20thcentury,leadingtheUnitedStatesduringatimeofworldwideeconomiccrisisandworldwar.TheonlyAmericanpresidentelectedtomorethantwoterms,heforgedadurablecoalitionthatrealignedAmericanpoliticsfordecades.

II.BackgroundTheGreatDepression---aseverworldwideeconomicdepressionThefailureofPresidentHoover’sreformKeynesianism〔凯恩斯理论〕ThevoiceofthecallsforreformisrisingRooseveltasthePresidentoftheUnitedStates

III.Implement:StageContentMeasureStage

thefirststage:(1933-1935)FocusoneconomicadjustmentandRenaissance(thefirst100days)thesecondstage:(1936-1939)FocusonthereformContentTheNewDealwasaseriesofeconomicprogramsimplementedintheUnitedStatesbetween1933and1936.TheywerepassedbytheUnitedStatesCongressduringthefirsttermofPresidentFranklinD.Roosevelt.TheprogramswereRoosevelt'sresponsestotheGreatDepression,andfocusedonwhathistorianscallthe"3Rs":

Relief,Recovery,andReform.3RsReliefwasurgentlyneededbytensofmillionsofunemployed.

Recoverymeantboostingtheeconomybacktonormal.

Reformmeantlong-termfixesofwhatwaswrong,especiallywiththefinancialandbankingsystems.Roosevelt'sseriesofradiotalks,knownas

firesidechats(炉边谈话),presentedhisproposalsdirectlytotheAmericanpublic.ActsAgenciesMeasuresIV.Essence

OnthepartialadjustmentofcapitalistrelationsofproductionV.Features

Nationaldirectinterventionintheeconomy在1930年代经济大萧条期间，罗斯福推行新政以提供失业救济与复苏经济，并成立如公共事业振兴署〔WPA〕、国家复兴管理局〔NRA〕和农业调整管理局〔AAA〕等机构来改革经济和银行体系。虽然直到第二次世界大战爆发为止，美国的经济仍未能完全复苏，但是他所发起的一些方案，如联邦存款保险公司〔FDIC〕、田纳西河谷管理局〔TVA〕以及证券交易委员会〔SEC〕等，仍继续在国家的商贸中扮演重要角色。除此之外，在其任内设立的一些制度，包括社会平安系统和全国劳资关系委员会〔NLRB〕等等，仍然保存至今。NationalRecoveryAct

(in1933forindustry)

NRA“BlueEagle"campaignindustrypowerProclaimingthesymbolofindustrialrecoveryAcceptingPresidentFranklinRoosevelt’sRe-employmentAgreementoraspecialCodeofFairCompetitionTitleTennesseeValleyAuthorityIncreasing

employmentopportunitiesStimulating

consumptionStabilizingsociety…Anextensivefloodcontrol,electricpowerandgeneraldevelopmentprogramwereputintooperation.torelievepeopleindisasterareasbygivingthememploymentinsteadofoutrightgrantAgriculturalAdjustmentAct(AAA)

Themainaims

---toraisecommoditypriceslimitingproduction,devaluingthedollar,maintaininghightariffonforeigngoods

---tocarrythroughamodestinflationbyprovidingmoneyatlowratesoffarmersandtoindustry.

SocialSecurityAct(in1935)WPAemployed2to3millionunemployedatunskilledlaborStabilizingsocietyTheactwasanattempttolimitwhatwereseenasdangersinthemodernAmericanlife,includingoldage,poverty,unemployment,andtheburdensofwidowsandfatherlesschildren.

OtherfundamentalreformsBankandmonetaryreformsthe

EmergencyBankingAct---providedforasystemofreopeningsoundbanksAdjustingandstabilizingthe

bankingsystem¾banks--reopenTheSecurityandExchange

Commission(SEC)enforcingthefederalsecuritieslawsandregulatingthesecuritiesindustry,thenation'sstockandoptionsexchanges,andotherelectronicsecuritiesmarkets

toregulatethestockmarket

topreventcorporateabusesVI.InfluenceBy1938,theNewDealwasoverwiththeexpansionoftheEuropecrisis.switchemphasisfromdomestictoforeignaffairs“Save

American

democracy〞---avoidfascism(GermanandJapanshiftedtheburden)Helping

overco