高考英语阅读理解解题技巧之细节理解题和推理判断题导学案

高中英语阅读理解解题技巧PartI.考情分析PartII.阅读原则做题顺序:先题后文,题文对仗（题目顺序即文章顺序），偶有例外。题目定位词停靠:首字母大写词,实意名词或动词,形容词副词PartIII.阅读理解五大题型细节理解题（事实细节题）推理判段题词义猜测题主旨大意题观点态度题细节理解题常见的提问形式:Who/What/Where/When/Why/How/Which/...?Whatwasthereasonfor...?Atwhichplacecan...?Allthestatementsaretrueexcept

.Inthepassage,theauthorstatesthat

.What’stherightorderoftheevents?细节理解题技巧总结:错误选项的特点：1）明显远离定位范围2）绝对性选项（must,never,themost,all,merely,only,haveto,any,no,none,pletely,absolutely等…）2.正确选项的特点：原文重现同义改写eg.UKEngland/BritainThe bottleneck is the supply of teachers.The lack of  teachers.supplywondifferent【Example1】ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowartorn（受战争破坏的）England.TheBismarcksailedintotheAtlanticOcean______.A.tosinktheHood（胡德号战舰）B.togaincontrolofFranceC.tocutoffAmericansuppliestoBritainD.tostopBritishwarshipsreachingGermany【Example2】ThereportcametotheBritishonMay21,1941.TheGermanbattleship（战船）Bismarck（俾斯麦号）,themostpowerfulwarshipintheworld,wasmovingoutintotheAtlanticOcean.Hertask:todestroytheshipscarryingsuppliesfromtheUnitedStatestowartorn（受战争破坏的）England.TheBritishhadfearedsuchatask.Nowarships（战船）theyhadcouldmatchtheBismark（俾斯麦号）inspeedorinfirepower（火力）.TheBismarckhadeight15inchguns（火炮）and81smallerguns.Shecouldmoveat30nauticalmiles(海里)anhour.Shewasbelievedtobeunsinkable（不沉的）.ManypeoplebelievedthattheBismarckwasthemoststrongestonebecauseshe______.A.wasfastandpowerfulB.hadmoremenonboardC.wasunderLuetjens’mandD.hadbiggergunsthanotherships牛刀小试：【EX.1】However,theBritishhadtosinkher.TheyforcetheirbestbattleshipHood（胡德号战舰）tohuntdowntheBismarck（俾斯麦号）.OnMay24,theHoodfoundtheBismarck.Itwasameeting（会面）thattheGermanmander（指挥官）didnotwanttosee.HisordersweretodestroytheBritishshipsthatwerecarryingsupplies,buttostayawayfromafightwithBritishwarships.Thebattledidn’tlastlong.TheBismarck’sfirsttorpedo(鱼雷)hittheHood,whichwentdowntakingallbutthreeofher1,419menwithher.Welearnfromthetextthaton24May______.A.theBritishwonthebattleagainsttheBismarckB.theBismarckwonthebattleagainsttheBritishC.theBritishgunfiredamagedtheBismarckseriouslyD.theBismarcksucceededinkeepingawayfromtheBritish【EX.2】Butinthefight,theBismarckwasslightlydamaged.HermanderdecidedtorunforrepairstoFrance,whichhadatthattimebeentakenbytheGermans.TheBritishforcefollowedher.However,becauseoftheBismarck’sspeedandtheheavyfog,theylostsightofher.Hermandertriedtosail（航行）toFranceinorderto______.A.havetheshiprepairedB.jointheotherGermansC.gethelpfromtheFrenchD.getawayfromtheBritish推理判断题常见提问方式Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_______.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_____.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto(倾向于)_____.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear（出现）?Thenextparagraphwouldmostprobablydealwith_______.Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_______.技巧点拨:推断隐含意义【Example1】Abuildityourselfsolarstill（自制太阳能蒸馏器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterinareaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable…..Theonlyponents（成分）required,though,area5'×5'sheetofclear（透明的）orslightlymilky（略带乳白色的）plastic,sixfeetofplastictube（试管）,andacontainer（容器）—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.Thesepiecescanbefolded（折叠）intoaneatlittlepackandfastened（系）onyourbelt（腰带）.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstill（蒸馏器）fromthefirstparagraph?（）A.It’sdelicate（精致的）. B.It’sexpensive.C.It’splex. D.It’sportable（便携的）.推断隐含意义题技巧总结：Scanning，找到相关信息点Studyreading，不但理解表层，而且要由表及里、由浅入深地分析推理，以文中提供的信息为依据，结合常识，作出符合逻辑的推断推断写作目的【Example1】It’sanamazingacplishment（成就）andonewecannotachievewithoutgeneroussupportfromindividuals,corporations（企业）,andothersocialorganizations（组织）.VisittofindvariouswaysyoucansupportPacificScienceCenter.Whatisthepurposeofthelastpartofthetext?（）A.Toencouragesupports.B.Toadvertiseingevents.C.Tointroducespecialexhibits.D.TotellabouttheCenter’shistory.推断写作目的题技巧总结1：找句来推断写作目的。【Example2】AyoungmanfromavillagecalledNawalapitiyamarriedayoungwomanfromMaliyuwa,anearbyvillage.Theylivedwiththeman'sbigfamilyhisparents,hisbrothers,theirwivesandchildren.Thefamilykeptanelephant,inwhichtheyoungwomansoontookagreatinterest.Everydayshefeditwithfruitandsugar.Threemonthslaterthewomanwentbacktoherparents'home,havingquarreledwithherhusband.Soontheelephantrefusedtoeatorwork.Itappearedtobeillandheartbroken.Onemorningafterseveralweekstheanimaldisappearedfromthehouse.Itwenttothewoman'shome.Onseeingher,theelephantwaveditstrunkandtouchedherwithit.Theyoungwomanwassomovedbytheactoftheanimalthatshereturnedtoherhusband'shome.2.Whatisthemainpurposeofthispassage？（）A.Toentertainreaderswithastoryofmystery．B.Tointroduceanimportanthistoricaleventtoreaders．C.Towarnreadersaboutthedangersofmummies’curses．D.ToinformreadersaboutthetruecauseoftheTitanic'ssinking．推断写作目的题技巧总结2：看来推断写作目的――根据文章结构和措辞(1)toentertainreaders常见于故事类的文章(2)topersuadereaders常见于广告类的文章(3)toinformreaders/offerinformation/tips多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类﹑文化类或社会类的文章.推断文章出处【Example1】Forthefirsttimeinmorethanthreedecades,themoonmaysoonseesomesoftlanding,humanmadevisitors.Chinalaunched(发射)itsfirstmoonrover（探测器）andthirdmoonmission（使命）at1:30amToday,localtime.1：wherecanyoureadthetextprobably?（）A.Inasciencefiction.B.Inaguidebook.C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inanewspaper.推断文章出处题技巧总结：这类问题应从文章的来判断其出处:A.报纸:前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称。B.广告:以“推销商品、服务”为目的,因此它的用词往往具备鼓动性和感染力。C.产品说明:器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式,而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。D.网站：文中会出现click（点击），online（在线）,web（网络）,website（网址）等字眼。E.杂志：有各种类型的杂志，如文学，美术，科学，戏剧，医学，时尚杂志等等。推断下续内容【Example1】Finally,greattearsrolleddownherfaceandshecried,“Oh,son,pleaseforgiveme.ThattimeandthatChristmashavebeenaburden（负担）onmyheartfortwentyfiveyears.IwishyourdadwereheresoIcouldtellhimhowsorryIamforwhatIsaid.”Whatislikelytobedescribedinthenextparagraph?A.HowtheywouldcelebratetheChristmas.B.Howtheauthor’sfathersupportedthefamily.C.Whathappenedtotheauthor’sparentsinthepast.D.Thereasonfortheauthor’sparents’divorce（离婚）.推断下续内容题技巧总结：1．把握作者写作思路2．把握文章结构，注意最后一段内容，特别是最后几句话。牛刀小试：【EX.1】Languageshavebeeningandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlessingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhuntergatherers狩猎采集者,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhuntergatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected【EX.2】Asdataandidentitytheftbeesmoreandmoremon,themarketisgrow