2019年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标ⅲ）

绝密★启用前2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷III)英语第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigami（折纸术）artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.（WestParkPresbyterianChurch,165W.86thSt.2128684444.）TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.（Schoenfeld，236W.45thSt.2122396200.）HamiltonLinManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.（Public，425LafayetteSt.2129677555.）OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicaledybyBettydenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar’sloveduringacrosscountrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects,forRoundaboutTheatrepany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.（AmericanAirlinesTheatre,227W.42ndSt.2127191300.）21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?.A.Atypeofart. B.Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher. D.Agroupofanimals.22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren. B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker. D.StephenDaldry.23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper. B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton. D.OntheTwentiethCentury.BForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediapanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChinainspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChina—someofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobsandbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHill.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbeethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChina—itsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords "takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.petingagainst27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrendsCBeforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapenny—usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged—andsomeoftheolderwellknownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher. B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders. D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A.Localpoliticians. B.monpeople.C.Youngpublishers. D.Richbusinessmen.31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess. B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor. D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.DMonkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeysbined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwiththesumofthenumbers—17inthisexample.Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheywereperformingacalculation,notjustmemorizingthevalueofeachbination.Whentheteamexaminedtheresultsoftheexperimentmoreclosely,theynoticedthatthemonkeystendedtounderestimate（低估）asumparedwithasinglesymbolwhenthetwowerecloseinvalue—sometimeschoosing,forexample,a13overthesumof8and6.Theunderestimationwassystematic:Whenaddingtwonumbers,themonkeysalwayspaidattentiontothelargerofthetwo,andthenaddedonlyafraction（小部分）ofthesmallernumbertoit."Thisindicatesthatthereisacertainwayquantityisrepresentedintheirbrains,"Dr.Livingstonesays.“Butinthisexperimentwhatthey'redoingispayingmoreattentiontothebignumberthanthelittleone.”32.Whatdidtheresearchersdotothemonkeysbeforetestingthem?A.Theyfedthem. B.Theynamedthem.C.Theytrainedthem. D.Theymeasuredthem.33.Howdidthemonkeysgettheirrewardintheexperiment?A.Bydrawingacircle. B.Bytouchingascreen.C.Bywatchingvideos. D.Bymixingtwodrinks.34.WhatdidLivingstone'steamfindaboutthemonkeys?A.Theycouldperformbasicaddition. B.Theycouldunderstandsimplewords.C.Theycouldmemorizenumberseasily. D.Theycouldholdtheirattentionforlong.35.Inwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Education. D.Science.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Inanonlineclass,developinghealthypatternsofmunicationwithprofessorsisveryimportant.36WhileIhaveonlylistedtwoofeach,theseareobviouslymanyothersituationsthatcanarise.Studentsshouldbeabletoextendthelogic（逻辑）ofeachtotheirparticularcircumstance.Do's•37Questionsaboutsubjectcontentaregenerallyweled.Beforeaskingquestionsaboutthecoursedesign,readthesyllabus（教学大纲）andlearningmanagementsysteminformationtobesuretheanswerisn'thidinginplainsight.•Participateindiscussionforums（论坛）,blogsandotheropenendedforumsfordialogue.38Besuretostayontopicandnotofferirrelevantinformation.Makeapoint,andmakeitsafeforotherstodothesame.Don'ts•Don'tsharepersonalinformationorstories.Professorsarenottrainednurses,financialaidexpertsoryourbestfriends.Ifyouareinneedofadeadlineextension,simplyexplainthesituationtotheprofessor.39•Don'topenlyexpressannoyanceataprofessororclass.40Whenastudentattacksaprofessoronthesocialmedia,thelanguageusedactuallysaysmoreaboutthestudent.Ifthereistrulyaconcernaboutaprofessor'sprofessionalismorability,besuretouseonlinecourseevaluationstocalmlyofferyourments.A.That'swhattheyarefor.B.Turntoanonlineinstructorforhelp.C.Ifmoreinformationisneeded,theywillask.D.Rememberthatonlineprofessorsgetalotofemails.E.Belowaresomemondo’sanddon’tsforonlinelearners.F.Everyonehastakenanotsogreatclassatonetimeoranother.G.Askquestions,butmakesuretheyaregood,thoughtfulquestions.第三部分语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。ThesmalltownofRjukaninNorwayissituatedbetweenseveralmountainsanddoesnotgetdirectsunlightfromlateSeptembertomidMarch—41sixmonthsoutoftheyear.Ofcourse,we42itwhenthesunisshining,"saysKarinRo,whoworksforthetown’stourismoffice.“Weseetheskyis43,butdowninthevalleyit’sdarker—it’slikeona44day.”Butthat45whenasystemofhightech46wasintroducedtoreflectsunlightfromneighboringpeaks（山峰）intothevalleybelow.Wednesday,residents（居民）ofRjukan47theirveryfirstrayofwintersunshine:Arowofreflectiveboardsonanearbymountainsidewereputto48.Themirrorsarecontrolledbyaputerthat49themtoturnalongwiththesunthroughoutthe50andtocloseduringwindyweather.Theyreflectaconcentratedbeam（束）oflightontothetown’scentral51,creatinganareaofsunlightroughly600squaremeters.Whenthelight52,Rjukanresidentsgatheredtogether.“Peoplehavebeen53thereandstandingthereandtaking54ofeachother,"Rosays."Thetownsquarewastotally55.Ithinkalmostallthepeopleinthetownwerethere."The3,500residentscannotall56thesunshineatthesametime.57,thenewlightfeelslikemorethanenoughforthetown’s58residents."It'snotvery59,”shesays,"butitisenoughwhenweare60.”41.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely42.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice43.A.empty B.blue C.high D.wide44.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm45.A.helped B.changed C.happened D.mattered46.A.puters B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras47.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined48.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use49.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows50.A.day B.night C.month D.year51.A.library B.hall C.square D.street52.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped53.A.driving B.hiding C.camping D.siting54.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold55.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent56.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store57.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly58.A.natureloving B.energysaving C.weatherbeaten D.sunstarved59.A.big B.clear C.cold D.easy60.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Onourwaytothehouse，itwasraining61hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtake62（get）there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.Wewerefirstgreetedwiththebarkingbyapack63dogs，seventobeexact.Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters64hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.Ourhostssharedmanyoftheirexperiencesand65（remend）wonderfulplacestoeat，shop，andvisit.Forbreakfast，wewereabletoeatpapaya（木瓜）andotherfruitsfromtheirtreesinthebackyard.Whentheywerefreefromwork，theyinvitedustolocaleventsandletusknowofaninteresting66（pete）towatch，togetherwiththestorybehindit.Theyalsosharedwithusmany67（tradition）storiesaboutHawaiithatwere68（huge）popularwithtourists.Onthelastdayofourweeklongstay，we69（invite）toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars，70（listen）tomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.第四部分写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike"TangDynasty".Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.第二节书面表达（满分25分）假定你是李华，你校将举办音乐节。请写封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Allen参加，内容包括：1.时间；2.活动安排；3.欢迎他表演节目。注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷III）参考答案第一部分听力1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C6.C 7.A 8.B 9.A 10.C11.B 12.A 13.C 14.C 15.B16.A 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.A第二部分阅读理解21.A 22.D 23.C 24.B 25.A26.D 27.D 28.B 29.C 30.B31.A 32.C 33.B 34.A 35.D36.E 37.G 38.A 39.C 40.F第三部分语言知识运用41.C 42.D 43.B 44.A 45.B46.C 47.C 48.D 49.B 50.A51.C 52.A 53.D 54.A 55.B56.C 57.B 58.D 59.A 60.D61.so 62.toget 63.of 64.who 65.remended66.petition 67.traditional 68.hugely 69.were 70.listening第四部分写作第一节I’ve

had

many

dreams

since

I

was

a

child.

Now

my

dream

is

to

a

cafe.

Though

it

may

appear

simple,

it

a

lot

of

ideas

and

efforts.

What

I

want

is

not

just

an

cafe

but

a

very

special

one.

I

want

my

cafehave

a

special

theme

such

as

"Tang

Dynasty".

In

the

cafe,

customers

will

enjoy

in

the

historical

environment

is

created

for

them.

If

I

succeed

in

one,

I

will

open

more.

I

wish

to

have

a

chain

of

cafes

in

many

different

.

Each

of

my

cafes

will

have

a

different

theme

and

unique

style.第二节（略）

2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷III)英语第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AOPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph，inwhichanorigami(折纸术)artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch，165W.86thSt.2128684444.)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld，236W.45thSt.2122396200.)HamiltonLinManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public，425LafayetteSt.2129677555.)OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicaledybyBettydenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar'sloveduringacrosscountrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects，forRoundaboutTheatrepany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre，227W.42ndSt.2127191300.)21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?.A.Atypeofart. B.Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher. D.Agroupofanimals.22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren. B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker. D.StephenDaldry.23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper. B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton. D.OntheTwentiethCentury.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】这是一篇应用文。这篇文章对一些话剧的开幕和新剧首映进行了介绍。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据话剧AnimalsOutofPaper的ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph,inwhichanorigamiartistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.可知，RajivJoseph创作的的话剧是关于折纸的一种艺术。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据话剧TheAudience的StephenDaldrydirects.可知，本剧是StephenDaldry导演的。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据话剧Hamilton的LiManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamiltoninwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.可知，话剧Hamilton的主题是美国的诞生，由此可知，如果你对美国历史感兴趣，你可以看这部话剧。故选C。BForWesterndesigners,ChinaanditsrichculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforWesterncreative."It'snosecretthatChinahasalwaysbeenasource(来源)ofinspirationfordesigners,"saysAmandaHill,chiefcreativeofficeratA+ENetworks,aglobalmediapanyandhometosomeofthebiggestfashion(时尚)shows.Earlierthisyear,theChinaThroughALookingGlassexhibitioninNewYorkexhibited140piecesofChinainspiredfashionableclothingalongsideChineseworksofart,withtheaimofexploringtheinfluenceofChineseaesthetics(美学)onWesternfashionandhowChinahasfueledthefashionableimaginationforcenturies.Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences."Chinaisimpossibletooverlook,"saysHill."Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashion—theyarecentraltoitsmovement."Ofcourse,onlyaretoday'stopWesterndesignersbeinginfluencedbyChinasomeofthebestdesignersofcontemporaryfashionarethemselvesChinese."VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGaliano,Albaz,MarcJacobsandbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales,"addsHil.ForHill,itisimpossiblenottotalkaboutChinaastheleadingplayerwhendiscussingfashion."ThemostfamousdesignersareChinese,soarethemodels,andsoaretheconsumers,"shesays."Chinaisnolongerjustanothermarket;inmanysensesithasbeethemarket.Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChinaitsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."24.WhatcanwelearnabouttheexhibitioninNewYork?A.Itpromotedthesalesofartworks. B.Itattractedalargenumberofvisitors.C.ItshowedancientChineseclothes. D.ItaimedtointroduceChinesemodels.25.WhatdoesHillsayaboutChinesewomen?A.Theyaresettingthefashion. B.Theystartmanyfashioncampaigns.C.Theyadmiresupermodels. D.Theydobusinessallovertheworld.26.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"takingon"inparagraph4mean?A.learningfrom B.lookingdownon C.workingwith D.petingagainst27.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.YoungModelsSellingDreamstotheWorldB.AChineseArtExhibitionHeldinNewYorkC.DifferencesBetweenEasternandWesternAestheticsD.ChineseCultureFuelingInternationalFashionTrends【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.D【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了中国文化对世界时尚届的影响，中国年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。中国成了世界时尚的风向标。【24题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Theexhibitionhadrecordattendance,showingthatthereishugeinterestinChineseinfluences.（此次展览吸引参观者人数创下了记录，显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。）由此可知，纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者，故选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第四段Chinesemodelsarethefacesofbeautyandfashioncampaignsthatselldreamstowomenallovertheworld,whichmeansChinesewomenarenotjustconsumersoffashiontheyarecentraltoitsmovement.（中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人，这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。）由此可知，Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚，故选A。【26题详解】词义猜测题。下文andbeatingthemhandsdownindesignandsales说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文VeraWang,AlexanderWang,JasonWuaretakingonGalliano,Albaz,MareJacobs的意思是VeraWang、AlexanderWang和JasonWu正在与Galliano、Albaz和MareJacobs竞争。takingon意思是“竞争”，故选D。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段chinaanditsculturehavelongbeenaninspirationforwesterncreations.以及最后一段Ifyoutalkaboutfashiontoday,youaretalkingaboutChinaitsinfluences,itsdirection,itsbreathtakingclothes,andhowyoungdesignersandmodelsarefinallyacknowledgingthatinmanyways."（如果你今天谈论时尚，你谈论的是中国——它的影响，它的方向，它令人惊叹的服装，以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。），结合全文内容，可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”，故选D。CBeforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapennyusuallytwoorthreecentswaschargedandsomeoftheolderwellknownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企业)wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.28.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.29.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher. B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders. D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.30.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A.Localpoliticians. B.monpeople.C.Youngpublishers. D.Richbusinessmen.31.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess. B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor. D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.【答案】28.B29.C30.B31.A【解析】本文为记叙文。文章叙述了“便士报纸”的诞生历史。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Before1830s，...Accordinglynewspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeople.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtomassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.”可知，在19世纪30年代之前,只有富人才能读报纸，而且大多数报纸中几乎没有能吸引大众的内容，让人感觉无聊，，视觉上令人望而却步。由此可得出那时的报纸没有什么吸引力。分析选项，A.Academic学术的；B.Unattractive没有吸引力，无魅力的；C.Inexpensive廉价的，不贵的；D.Confidential机密的，保密的。可知A、C和D是错误的，只有B符合题意，故选B。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段提到“便士报纸”针对大众，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以买的到报纸。结合第三段中间的“streetssalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplacedineasterncities”可知，报纸的街头销售随处可见。由此可推断出，街头销售意味读报纸的多了。分析选项可知C符合题，故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thetrend,then,was‘pennypaper’—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.”可知，这种“便士报纸”针对大众的，在街上可以买的到报纸。分析选项可知，选项B符合题意，故选B。【31题详解】推理判断题。第二段“Thetrend,then,was‘pennypaper’”及最后一段“Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor‘themanonthestreet’didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.”可知，“便士报纸”新趋势一开始并不好，一些早期的尝试立即失败了。已经进入商业领域的成功的出版商，并不想改变这一传统。后来一些年轻而大胆的商人才推动了这件事。由此可推断出“便士报纸”的诞生是一个困难而曲折的过程。分析选项可知，A项符合题意，故选A。DMonkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith025dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward.Theresearchersthentestedhowthemonkeysbined—oradded—thesymbolstogetthereward.Here'showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment:Intheircagesthemonkeyswereprovidedwithtouchscreens.Ononepartofthescreen,asymbolwouldappear,andontheothersidetwosymbolsinsideacirclewereshown.Forexample,thenumber7wouldflashononesideofthescreenandtheotherendwouldhave9and8.Ifthemonkeystouchedtheleftsideofthescreentheywouldberewardedwithsevendropsofwaterorjuice;iftheywentforthecircle,theywouldberewardedwi