经济学专业英语教程（精编版）（第二版）课件：Inflation

《经济学专业英语教程

（精编版）（第二版）》

Text:Inflation

（通货膨胀）1.Keywords2.MeasurementofInflation3.CausesofInflation4.Effectsofinflation5.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese6.Questionsinflationratepriceindexconsumerpriceindexproducerpriceindexbaseyeardemand-pullinflationcost-pushinflationpotentialoutputfullemploymentincomedistributionpanicbuyingnaturalrateofunemploymentexpectationsinflationsupply-shockinflationcapitalgoods1.KeywordsThereareseveraldifferentpriceindexes,eachusingadifferentbundleofgoods.TotrackthemovementofpricesthatareimportanttoAmericanhouseholds,thegovernmentcollectspricedataonthebundleofgoodsthatrepresenthowtheaveragehouseholdspendsitsincome.Thisindexiscalledtheconsumerpriceindex,orCPI.Todeterminethebundle,thegovernment,throughtheBureauofLaborStatisticsoftheDepartmentofCommerce,conductsaConsumerExpenditureSurvey.Theinformationfromthesurveyisthenusedtodeterminetheimportanceofmorethan2,000differentexpenditurecategories.Weightsareassignedtotheexpenditurecategoriestoreflecttheimportanceofeachinhouseholdspending.Anotherdifferentmeasureofpricesistheproducerpriceindex,whichmeasurestheaveragelevelofpricesofgoodssoldbyproducers.Thisindexisusefulbecauseitgivesusanideaofwhatwillhappentoconsumerpricesinthenearfuture,eventuallyretailerswillhavetochargehigherprices.ThesewillbereflectedinahigherCPI.2.MeasurementofInflation

1、Runawayorhyperinflationisanextremeformresultingfrompoliticaloreconomicinstability.Thedemand-pullandcost-pushinflationthatwenowexperiencearemorecommonforms.2、Supplyshock:Supply-shockinflationresultsfrominfrequentdrasticchangesintheproductioncostoffundamentalproducts.3、Expectations:Inflationcansometimesoccursimplybecauseweexpectitto.3.CAUSESofinflation1、Incomeredistribution2、Inflationandthestandardofliving3、Unemployment4、Exports5、Buynoworlater6、Hyperinflation4.Effectsofinflation1.Inflationisdefinedasacontinuedriseintheaveragelevelofprices.2.Priceindexmeasuresthepricelevelinanygivenyearrelativetoacommonbaseyear.3.Demand-pullinflationisariseintheaveragepricelevelcausedbyexcessdemandatfullemployment.4.Individualswhoseincomefailstoincreasewiththerateofinflationwillfindthattheirincomewillnolongermaintaintheirstandardofliving.5.Inflationdirectsinvestmentintolandandproperty,astheseincreaseinvaluerapidly.6.Inflationharmsexportsasthesegoodsandservicesarenowmoreexpensiveinoverseasmarkets.5.TranslatethefollowingintoChinese（1）Explainthedefinitionofconsumerpriceindexandproducerpriceindex.（2）Whatarethecausesofinflation?（3）Explainthed