高考英语专题复习-主谓一致

专题1动词（2）主谓一致语法专题第一部分语法篇内容索引重温高考专题精析考点集训综合演练重温高考单句语法填空/单句改错1.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever，thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking，cyclingorswimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)2.Fastfood________(be)fulloffatandsalt；byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)3.Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________(be)oftenacceptable.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)4.Thiscycle________(go)dayafterday：Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.(全国卷Ⅱ)5.Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，andmistakesaswell.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)6.Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.(2016·浙江高考)专题精析主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致，一般遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、就近一致原则和意义一致原则。一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。1.动名词、动词不定式、从句、不定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。Everythingisinacompletemass，whichdrivespeoplecrazy.所有的事情都毫无头绪，让人发疯。Neitherofushasgonethroughregulartraining.我们两个都没受过正规的训练。[名师指津]what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果从句表示复数意义，则谓语动词用复数形式。Whathesaidisfarfromthetruth.他的话与事实相差太远了。Whattheschoolneedsarequalifiedteachers.这个学校需要的是合格的老师。从句作主语时,若主句谓语部分为系表结构,主句谓语的数通常由作表语的名词/代词决定Whattheyneedmost______(be)moneywhilewhatweneedmost______(be)textbooks.2.主语后接介词短语或其他插入语，如with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。Theteacheraswellashisstudentswasveryexcited.老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故负责任。3.and，both...and...连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时，谓语动词用单数形式。Herteacherandherfriendsareinthesitting-room.她的老师和朋友都在客厅。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。Aknifeandforkisusedonthetableinwesterncountries.刀叉被用在西方国家的餐桌上。every/each/no+名词+and+every/each/no+名词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。Everyhourandeveryminuteisveryvaluabletous.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有：ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安breadandbutter黄油面包awatchandchain一块带链的表aknifeandfork一副刀叉acoatandtie一件配有领带的上衣aimandend目的truthandhonesty真诚4.定语从句中关系代词作主语时，从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。 Myfriendshowedmearoundthetown，whichwasveryattractive.

我的朋友带我参观了这个小镇，它非常迷人。注意：（1）oneof＋复数名词，后面的定语从句的谓语动词用复数，

（2）the/theonly/thevery/thefirst/thelast等限定词+oneof＋复数名词，后面所接的定语从句中的谓语动词却用单数①Heisoneofthestudentswhohavetakenpartintheactivity.②Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohastakenpartintheactivity.5.“manya/morethanone＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。each，every，no所修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍用单数。 Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.

很多父母都被迫经历了这一段相同的痛苦的过程。 EveryboyandeverygirlwishestoattendthepartytobeheldonSunday.

每个男生和女生都希望参加即将在周日举办的聚会。6.由两部分构成的表示物体的名词，如：

trousers(裤子),clothes(衣服),glasses(眼镜),chopsticks(筷子),scissors(剪刀),compasses(圆规),gloves(手套)等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。但当主语

被kindof/typeof/pairof/amountof等修饰时,谓语动词的形式须根据kind/type/pair/amount等的数来确定。Jim’strousersarebrown.

吉姆的裤子是棕色的。ThispairoftrouserswasmadebyMasterLi.

这条裤子是李师傅做的。二、意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数，主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。1.集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。Theclassconsistsof25boysand20girls.这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。Theclassaredoingexperiment.全班学生都在做实验。2.“分数/百分数/themajority＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all，some，half，most，therest等作主语时，谓语动词单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作。Therestoftheapples_____red.剩下的苹果都是红的Allofthisiswonderful，butthebestpartofthisfilmistheacting.所有这些都很精彩，但电影最精彩的部分是表演。3.“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.

病人已被治愈，失踪的人也都找到了。4.aquantityof后既可接不可数名词，也可接可数名词复数；谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity的数。quantitiesof后无论接可数名词还是接不可数名词，谓语动词均用复数形式。 Aquantityoftimehasbeenwastedontheproject.

＝Quantitiesoftimehavebeenwastedontheproject.

大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。5.“anumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，“thenumberof＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.许多学生去远足了。Thenumberofthestudentsisincreasingyearafteryear.学生的数量逐年增加。6.表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 Threethousanddollarsisquitealotofmoneyforaboy.

对于一个男孩来说，3000美元是一笔大数目。7.以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Badnewstravelsquickly. [谚]坏事传千里。Physicsismyfavouritesubject.8.（1）国名、人名、报纸名、书名等专有名词有些虽以-s结尾,形式上是复数,但它们作主语时谓语动词常用单数。TheUnitedNationswasfoundedin1945.联合国成立于1945年。（2）山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以­s结尾的专有名词TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.9.单复数同形的名词，如means，works，deer，fish，sheep等①Everymeanshasbeentried.②Allpossiblemeanshavebeentried.10.

none作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。

Noneofusseemtohavethoughtofit.

Noneofushasgotacamera.我们都没有相机。

all单独作主语表示人时,谓语动词用复数形式;表示事物时,谓语动词一般用单数形式

Allareeagertoreachanagreement.大家都急于达成一项协议

Alliswellthatendswell.

结果好,一切都好。11.由“kind(form，type，sort)of”等修饰的主语，其谓语形式取决于这些词的单复数①Thisnewtypeofbusesisnowonshow.②Allkindsofdifficultieshavetobeovercome.三、就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1.由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...but(also)...，not...but...等连接的并列主语，谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。 Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.

要么是你或者你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。2.由there，here引起的主语不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。1．Apartfromthementalreliefofpeople’smind，anothermajoraspectofTaoistinfluenceonChineseculture_______(be)itsinfluenceonmartialarts.(2019·银川一中三模)2．Herboyfriendleftintearsandafewdayslatersentanotetoher，whichsaid，“Pleasetakegoodcareofyoureyes，mydear，becausebeforetheyareyours，they_______(be)mine！”(2019·重庆七校三诊)3．Thedesignontheback_______(show)theyellow－eyedpenguin，oneoftheworld’srarestpenguins.(2019·唐山模拟)4．Inthepool，Bob，myinstructor，demandedwedowhathedid.Oneofthedrills_____(be)totakeourmasksoffatthebottomofthedeepend，replacethem，andclearthemofwater.(2019·哈尔滨六中模拟)5．Inmyschooldays，Iwasashyboyandnevereventhoughtoftakingpartinanypublicspeakingevents，schoolplaysorstagecontests，soacting_______(be)aremotecareerchoicethen.(2019·山西重点中学协作体模拟)iswereshowswaswasⅠ.单句语法填空6．Manypsychologiststoday____(be)workingtotrytodeterminejusthowapersonexperiencesorperceivestheworldaround.(2019·衡水中学模拟)7．AreportpublishedonDec.6saysthisstyleofhealthcare，which__________(include)differentformslikeherbalmedicineandexercise，hasspreadto183countriesandregions.(2019·石家庄二中模拟)8．PeopleinSuzhou，JiangsuProvince，_____(be)accustomedtoeatingwontonsinmidwinter.(2019·安庆二模)9．There_____(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.(2019·兰州一中模拟)10．Whitehighlightsallthatisbadinhumannature.It______________(suggest)dishonestyandbetrayal(背叛)．(2019·大庆模拟)areincludesarearesuggestsⅡ.单句改错1．Whentheworldenterthe2030，thedevelopmentinscienceandtechnologywillbringusmanymorenewhopesandchances.(2019·宣城二模)

2．Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowded，buteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely.(2019·福州八县联考)3.(2019·芜湖一模)Herecomeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingContest.4．NowsheteachintheWashington－basedConfuciousInstitute.(2019·宿州一模)5．Comparedwithonlinegames，manytraditionalgames，likehide－and－seek，benefitskidsmentallyandphysically.(2019·贵州遵义航天高中模拟)6．98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.(2019·河北衡水中学模拟)7．(2019·吉林东北师大附中模拟)Abouttwomilesawayfrommyhomestandamountainwhichisreallyworthtouring.8．Asasayinggo，“Pressureisanotherformofmotivepower”．(2019·江淮十校三模)9．Myparentsalwaysgivemebookswhichisfinebutnotexciting.(2019·南宁模拟)10．Actually，runningtheredlightarequitedangerous.(2019·西北师大附中模拟)Ⅲ.语法填空(2019·烟台一模)Peoplereleaseballoonsforspecialoccasionslikememorialservicesandgrandopenings.Itisfunandexciting.Butitreallycausesgreatdestructiontotheenvironmentandthreatensthe1.________(life)ofourwildlife.Whenaballoon2.________(fly)intothesky，itdoesn’tendup3.________(stay)there.Iteventuallyburstsandreturnstotheearthasuglylitter.Balloonscaneventravelthousandsofmilesandpollutethemostremoteandpureplaces.More4.________(sad)，theycanpresentathreattomanyanimals.Birds，whales，turtlesandotheranimalsoftenmistakeballoons5.________food，whichcandodamagetothembecauseballoonscontain6.________(harm)chemicals.Balloonsevenkillanimals.Whenananimalswallowsaballoon，itcanblockitsintestinaltract(肠道)resultinginstarvation.Partofthereasonwhyreleasingballoons7.______________(permit)insomanyplacesisthatsomeballoonsdobreakdowneventually.However，ittakesaboutfouryears8.________(break)downcompletely.Watchinghundredsofballoonsslowlygoingupintotheskymightgiveyouafive－secondthrill，9.________isitworthabunchofdeadanimalsandsomanyplacesfullofrubbish?Absolutelynot.10.________weshoulddoistogetcreativeandcomeupwithalternativewaystocelebrate.livesfliesstayingsadlyforharmfulispermittedtobreakbutwhatⅣ.短文改错LastSunday，wewenttotheamusementparknearourhometocelebratingmybrother’sbirthday.Thetrafficwassobadthatittookusnearlytwohourtogetthere.Theparkwassocrowdingthatwecouldnohardlymove.Mybrotherwantedtogoontherollercoaster，sowejoinedthequeueandwaitforourturn.Bythetimewegottothefrontofthequeue，mysistersaidshewastoafraidtogoontheride，andevenmybrotherwaslookedabitnervous.Justthenamanannouncedthattherewereatechnicalproblemandtheridewasclose.Withsighofrelief，wewenttogetsomethingtoeat，playedsomeothergames，andthenwenthome.bythetime意为“到……时候（为止）”，是一个介词短语，在句中经常起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。它的主要用法如下：

1.如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成

时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。例如：

•Bythetimehereturnedhome，therainhadstopped.•BythetimeIgottothestation，thetrainhadalreadygone。2.如果从句中的谓语动词为一般现在时/或现在完成时（表示将来），那么主句中的谓语动词常为将来完成时，表示“截止到将来某一时间为止，主句动作将已经完成”。

•Bythetimeyougetback，Ishallhavefinishedthework.3.如果主句动作不强调已经完成，只是说明某个时候的状况，（主句是be的系表形式或