Devinit-2022年援助：官方发展援助的关键事实（英）

January2024

Aidin2022:Keyfacts

aboutofficial

development

assistance

factsheet

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

1

Contents

KeyfactsaboutODAin2022 2

Introduction 4

ODAfrombothgovernmentsandmultilateralsincreased 5

Ukrainewasthestandoutrecipientofaidin2022 7

Health,refugeesindonorcountriesandhumanitariansectorsreceivedthemostaidin

2022 8

Lessthanaquarterofaidwasdisbursedtocountriesgroupedasleastdevelopedand/or

low-income 10

TotalbilateralODAmarkedashavingaclimateobjectivereacheditshighesteveramount

in2022 12

Theamountofgender-relatedODAreachedanall-timehighin2022butitsshareoftotal

ODAfellfromthepreviousyear 14

AnincreasedproportionofbilateralODAwasspentwithinthecountrythatprovidedit15

Aboutthedatainthispaper 17

Appendix1 18

Appendix2 20

Notes 21

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

2

KeyfactsaboutODAin2022

1.

TotalODAgrossdisbursementsfromDACdonorsandmultilateralorganisations

increased24%in2022toarecordhighofUS$269billion,fromUS$217billionin

2021,thiswasthehighestannualpercentageincreasesince2006.1

However,this

increasewasdrivenalmostentirelybysupporttoUkraineandcostsassociatedwithhostingrefugeesindonorcountries.Discountingthese,aidincreasedbyamodest

3.1%.2

2.

Aidprovidedbygovernmentsroseby27%(US$39.3billion)in2022toreach

US$183.3billion.MultilateralODAdisbursementsroseby17%(US$12.8billion)to

reachUS$86.1billion.

Again,withUkraineandin-donorrefugeecostsexcluded,

bilateralandmultilateralODAroseby2.9%and3.4%respectively.

3.

Ukrainewasthestandoutrecipientin2022,receivingUS$29.2billion–morethanthe

nextfiverecipientscombined,andtheall-timelargestamountreceivedbyacountry

recipientinhistory.

IndiaandBangladeshwerethesecondandthirdlargest

recipientsrespectively.

4.

Healthwasthelargestsectorin2022,andsectorsrelatedtocrisis−refugeesin

donorcountries,andhumanitariansectors−receivedthesecondandthirdlargest

amountsofODAin2022.

LargeincreasesinhealthODAinrecentyearsaremostly

drivenbyCovid-19response.Aidtorefugeesindonorcountriesmorethandoubled.

5.

Lessthanaquarter(24%)ofODAwasdisbursedtocountriesgroupedasleast

developedand/orlow-incomein2022

(afallfrom31%in2021).Thisisdueto

increasedsupporttoUkraineandrefugeesindonorcountriesdrivingthevolumeoftotalODAup,whileODAtoleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs)sawanabsolutefallin

ODAvolumesover2021−2022.

6.

TotalbilateralODAmarkedashavingaclimateobjectivegrewinvolumeterms.

BilateralclimateODAfromDACcountriesincreasedby25%in2022(fromUS$31.2billionin2021toUS$39.1billionin2022),itshighestevervolume.However,there

arecontinuingconcernsabouttheaccuracyofclimatefinancefiguresasmeasured

withtheRio-markers,whichare

knowntobeusedinconsistently

acrossproviders.DIarecurrentlyengaginginworkthatattemptstobetterunderstandhowproviders

decidewhichprojectstocountasclimate.

7.

Theamountofgender-relatedODAgrewin2022,increasing5.8%on2021.

However,almostallofthisgrowthwasdrivenbyothersector-focusedprojectsthat

donorsmarkedasrelevantforgenderoutcomes.ODAtoprojectsthathadgenderastheirprincipalobjectiveincreasedonlymarginally,andhasremainedlargely

unchangedsince2019.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

3

8.

Significantgrowthinin-donorrefugeecostsresultedinanincreasedproportionof

totalODAbeingspentwithinthecountrythatprovidedit

(i.e.wasnottransferredtoarecipientcountry).Asashareoftotalbilateralaidandfundingtomultilaterals,non-

transferaidrosefrom14%in2021to19%in2022.

9.

ThevolumeofbilateralODAloansgrewinvolumetermsandasashareoftotal

ODA.

BilateraltransferloansfromDACdonorsincreasedbyathirdon2021levels,

thejointhighestrateofannualgrowthinthelastdecade,toreacharecordUS$36billion.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

4

Introduction

ThisresourcehighlightskeyfactsfromDevelopmentInitiatives’analysisofglobalaidreportedin2022.

Weusethemostrecentlyavailabledataset(dataforcalendaryear2022publishedinlateDecember2023).3Thisfactsheetincludesdataonaid(specificallyofficialdevelopment

assistance–ODA)reportedtotheOrganisationforEconomicCo-operationand

Development’sDevelopmentAssistanceCommittee(OECDDAC).4FormoreaboutOECDDACdata,see

Aboutthedata.

ThedatasetallowsustoanalysebilateralODA(whereonegovernmentprovidesODAdirectlytoanothercountry)andODAdisbursementsfrommultilateralorganisations

(whereorganisationsliketheUNorWorldBankprovideODAtocountries).

TheCovid-19pandemicresultedinasignificantincreaseinglobalextremepoverty.Whileglobalpovertyhasrecoveredtoclosetopre-pandemiclevels(8.6%in2023compared

with9.1%in2019),progresshasbeensetbackbythreeyears.Furthermore,while

povertyinmiddle-incomecountrieshasdeclined,thepoorestcountriesandthose

affectedbyfragilityandconflictstillhavehigherpovertyratesthanbeforethepandemic.5In2022,themajorityofcrisesarestilllong-termandcomplex.Awidespreadincreasein

thenumberofpeopleinneedwasdrivenbothbyexistingcrisesworseningandmajor

newcrises,particularlyinUkraine,Afghanistan,PakistanandMyanmar.6ODAplaysacriticalrole,particularlyincountriesfacingthebiggestchallengeswheredomestic

resourcesarescarceandaccesstointernationalmarketsisdifficult.InthisfactsheetweanalyseanumberofODAtrendsduringtheperiod2012−2022andunpackwhatthe

numberstellusaboutwhereandhowODAisspent.

►Read

morefromDIonODA.

►Shareyourthoughtswithuson

Twitter

or

LinkedIn

►Signuptoour

newsletter

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

5

US$billions

86

8673

59636064

59

52

53

49

183

131133128128136144

120

112

111

103

ODAfromboth

governmentsand

multilateralsincreased

Figure1:ODAfromDACcountriesandmultilaterals(US$billions)

300

250

200

150

100

50

0

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

Multilaterals

DACcountries

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonorsandmultilateralorganisations,constant2021prices.

In2022,DAC-membergovernmentsandmultilateralorganisationsprovidedatotalof

US$269billioninODA.ThiswasUS$52.1billionhigherthanin2021(US$217billion),-ariseof24%andanall-timehigh.However,thisincreasewasdrivenalmostentirelyby

supporttoUkraine(seeFigure2)andcostsassociatedwithhostingrefugeesindonorcountries(seeFigure3).Discountingthese,aidincreasedbyamodest3.1%.

Aidprovidedbygovernmentsroseby27%(US$39.3billion)in2022toreachUS$183.3billion.MultilateralODAdisbursementsroseby17%(US$12.8billion)toreachUS$86.1billion.Again,withUkraineandin-donorrefugeecostsexcluded,bilateralandmultilateralODAroseby2.9%and3.4%respectively.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

6

IntermsofbilateralaidfromDACdonors,theUS,Germany,Japan,theUK,Poland,

Canada,France,IrelandandItalyallrecordedsignificantincreasesbetween2021and2022:

•BilateralaidfromtheUSgrewfromUS$39.0billiontoUS$49.4billionbetween2021and2022(a27%increase).ThisisduetoasignificantincreaseinUSsupportto

Ukraine,andotherincreasestowardssectorssuchasCovid-19control,STDcontrolincludingHIV/AIDSandin-donorrefugeecosts.

•AidfromGermanygrewfromUS$27.7billiontoUS$35billion(a26%increase),duetoincreasesinin-donorrefugeecostsandsupporttoUkraine.

•AidfromJapangrewfromUS$17.8billiontoUS$23.6billion(a32%increase).JapanincreasedaidintheformofloanstotheeconomicandinfrastructureservicessectornotablyandrecipientsreceivingthelargestvolumeincreasesincludedIndia,UkraineandBangladesh.

Intermsofmultilateralorganisations,aidincreasesfromEUinstitutionsandthe

InternationalDevelopmentAssociation(IDA)werenotable.AidfromtheEUincreased

fromUS$24.1billionin2021toUS$32.8billionin2022(a36%increase).Again,thiswaslargelyduetoincreasedsupporttoUkraine,asignificantproportionofwhichwasinthe

formofgeneralbudgetsupport.AidfromIDAincreasedfromUS$20.8billionin2021toUS$24.4billionin2022(an18%increase).

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

7

Ukrainewasthestandoutrecipientofaidin2022

Figure2:Top15recipientsofODA,2022

Ukraine IndiaBangladesh Ethiopia NigeriaAfghanistan DRC Pakistan Kenya TanzaniaMozambique Türkiye Yemen IndonesiaSyria

US$billions

05101520253035

growthfrom2021

reductionfrom2021

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonorsandmultilateralorganisations,constant2021prices.Foranexpandedlist,see

Appendix1.

DRC=DemocraticRepublicoftheCongo.

In2022,UkrainereceivedUS$29.2billioninaidfromDAC-membergovernmentsand

multilateralbodies–thelargesttotalofanycountry,andanincreaseon2021ofUS$26.9billion(morethana12-foldincrease).Thiswasintheformofdevelopmentassistance

andhumanitarianassistanceinresponsetotheongoingwarinUkraine.TheamountreceivedbyUkrainewasmorethanthenextfiverecipientscombined,andtheall-timelargestamountreceivedbyacountryrecipientinhistory.

India,2021’slargestrecipient,receivedthesecond-largesttotal(US$7.1billion),and

Bangladeshreceivedthethirdlargest(US$7.0billion).ODAtobothIndiaandBangladeshincreasedover2021−2022,byUS$638.8millionandUS$684.8millionrespectively.

Thefourthandfifthlargest2022recipientswereEthiopia(US$5.1billion)andNigeria(US$5.0billion),whichbothreceivedincreaseson2021levels.

Afghanistan,DRC,PakistanandKenya−representingthesixthtoninthlargest2022recipientsrespectively−allrecordeddecreasesbetween2021and2022.Tanzania,meanwhile,the10thlargest2022recipient,recordedanincrease.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

8

Health,refugeesindonor

countriesandhumanitariansectorsreceivedthemostaidin2022

Figure3:SectorsreceivingthemostODA,2022

US$billions

01020304050

Health

Refugeesindonorcountries

Humanitarian

Infrastructure

Governanceandsecurity

Other

growthfrom2021

reductionfrom2021

Education

Generalbudgetsupport

Businessandindustry

Agricultureandfoodsecurity

Administrativecostsofdonors

Othersocialservices

Waterandsanitation

Environment

Debtrelief

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonorsandmultilateralorganisations,constant2021prices.See

Appendix2

formoredetail.The'Other'sectorincludesmultisector,commoditiesandunspecifiedaid.

In2022,thesectorsthatreceivedthegreatestshareofODAfromgovernmentsand

multilateralbodieswerehealth(US$39.2billion),refugeesindonorcountries(US$31.8billion),humanitarian(US$30.6billion),infrastructure(US$30.2billion),andgovernance,civilsocietyandsecurity(US$30.0billion).Eachofthesetopfivesectorssawincreasesbetween2021and2022,withaidtorefugeesindonorcountriesmorethandoubling.

Thesectorwhichexperiencedthegreatestincreaseinvolumein2022isrefugeesindonorcountries,whichincreasedbyalmost150%(US$18.9billion),itshighesteveramount.ThisincreaseisattributedtothecostsinaccommodatingthehighnumberofUkrainianandAfghanpeopledisplacedbyconflictin2022.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

9

Refugeesindonorcountriesandthehumanitariansectorarebothrelatedtocurrent

crises,whilelargeincreasesinhealthODAinrecentyearsaremostlydrivenbyCovid-19response.-Forexample,aidtotheCovid-19controlpurposecodestoodatUS$8.5billionin2022(down7.8%on2021),making-upoverafifthofhealthODAin2022.

In2022,‘generalbudgetsupport’received5.6%ofODA–arelativelyhighproportion–

dueinparttosupporttoUkrainefromEUinstitutions(US$8.9billion).Thisshareof

generalbudgetsupportODAtototalODAhadpeakedin2020at7.2%duetotheIMF’sprogrammeofbudgetsupportlendinginresponsetotheeconomicimpactofCovid-19.In

2021,generalbudgetsupportdecreasedto4.0%,duetothetailingoffofIMF’sprogramme.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

10

%oftotalODA

Lessthanaquarterofaid

wasdisbursedtocountriesgroupedasleastdevelopedand/orlow-income

Figure4:ODAdisbursementstocountriesgroupedasleastdevelopedand/orlow-income(%)

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

35%32%33%31%30%30%30%31%31%

28%

24%

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossdisbursementsfromDACdonorsandmultilateralorganisations,constant2021prices.ThischartshowsthetotalproportionofODAdisbursedtocountriesgroupedasleastdevelopedcountries(LDCs;

designatedbytheUN)and/orlow-income(LICs;assessedbytheWorldBank).

ODAtolow-incomecountriesandleastdevelopedcountries

TheshareofODAdisbursementstocountriesfacingthegreatestchallengesfellfrom31%in2021to24%in2022.Thisgroupingincludeslow-incomecountries(LICs;

assessedbytheWorldBanktohavethelowestincomeperperson).7Italsoincludesthe

leastdevelopedcountries,(LDCs;designatedbytheUNasthose“facingsevere

structuralimpedimentstosustainabledevelopment[…]highlyvulnerabletoeconomicandenvironmentalshocksandhavelowlevelsofhumanassets”).8

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

11

ThefallintheshareofaidtotheLDC/LICgroupingisduetotheincreaseinsupportinaidtoUkraine(whichisoutsideofthisgrouping),andaidnotspecifiedtorecipient

countries(includingrefugeesindonorcountries).ThevolumeofaidtotheLDC/LIC

groupingalsodeclinedfromUS$67.5billionin2021toUS$65.0billionin2022(a3.6%decrease).

ODAfromDACgovernmentstoLDCsasashareoftotalODAfellfrom25%to19%

between2021and2022.ODAprovidedbymultilateraldonorstoLDCsasashareoftotalODAfellfrom42%to35%.The2022sharesforbothdonortypesrepresentedthelowestshareover2012-2022,andbothdonortypeshadavolumedecrease.

ODAtootherincomegroups,andODAnotallocatedbycountry

Technically,ODAcanbeallocatedtolow-incomecountries,lower-middleincomecountriesandupper-middleincomecountries(asdefinedbytheWorldBank).9

In2022,lower-middleincomecountriesrecordedanincreaseingrossODA

disbursementsfromDACcountriesandmultilaterals(withUkraineinthisgrouping).Meanwhile,aidtouppermiddle-incomecountriesfell.TherewasaUS$26.3billion

increaseinaidthatwasnotallocatedbycountry,andthereforecouldnotbeassignedanincomegroup.Grossdisbursementsinthiscategoryhavebeenincreasingforovera

decadeandnowaccountfor35%ofdisbursements(upfrom32%in2021and26%in2012).

TheincreaseincountryunallocatedODAin2022waslargelyaresultoftheincreaseinin-donorrefugeecosts,whileaidtoCovid-19control,STDcontrolincludingHIV/AIDS,humanitarianassistanceandmulti-sectoraidalsoreportednotableincreasesincountryunallocatedaidin2022.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

12

US$billions

14

11

13

8

5

9

7

4

6

5

6

5

9

5

5

5

5

4

3

7

4

3

7

3

2

6

16

14

13

12

11

11

TotalbilateralODAmarked

ashavingaclimate

objectivereachedits

highesteveramountin2022

Figure5:ODAdisbursementsbyclimatefocusfromDACcountries(US$billions)

45

40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

8

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

Adaptation

Both

Mitigation

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonors,constant2021prices.ActivitiescanhavethefollowingRio

markerscores:2(markedasaprincipalclimateobjective);1(significantclimateobjective);and0(noclimateobjective).ODAdisbursementswhicharemarkedwiththesameRiomarkerscoreforbothclimateadaptationandmitigationmarkersareclassifiedas‘both’,whiledisbursementswhichhaveagreaterRiomarkerscoreinoneclimatefocusareaaremarkedtowardsthefocusofthemarkerreturningthegreaterscore.

TheamountofbilateralODAtaggedwithaclimateobjectiveincreasedby25%,from

US$31.2billionin2021toUS$39.1billionin2022.At$7.9billionthiswasthelargest

increaseinvolumeoverthepast10years.Despitethisincrease,climate-taggedbilateralODAtookupaslightlylowershareoftotalbilateralODAthantheyearbefore,decreasingfrom22%in2021to21%in2022.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

13

Adaptationandmitigation

WecantrackclimateODAusingtheRiomarkers,whichindicatewhetherflowsaretargetedateitheradaptation,mitigation,orboth.In2022,bilateralODAmarked

principallyasmitigationaccountedfor41%ofallclimate-taggedbilateralODA,aslight

increaseoverits2021shareof39%.Inaddition,ODAtaggedprincipallyasadaptation

onlyasashareofallclimate-taggedbilateralODAfellfrom45%in2021to36%in2022.Thiswascounterbalancedbyanincreaseintheproportionofclimateflowstaggedas

bothadaptationandmitigationequally,risingfrom16%in2021to24%in2022.

Aidforclimateadaptationaimstoreducevulnerabilitytothecurrentandexpectedimpactsofclimatechangebymaintainingorincreasingresilience.

Aidforclimatemitigationaimstoreduceclimatechangebystabilisinggreenhousegasconcentrationsintheatmosphere,promotingeffortstoreduceorlimitemissionsand/orenhancingthecaptureandstorageofemissions.

TheincreaseintheoverallvolumeofclimateODAin2022wasdrivenbygrowthinODAtargetedprincipallyatclimatemitigation(fromUS$12.1billionin2021toUS$15.9billion),

andflowsmarkedasbothadaptationandmitigationequally(fromUS$5.1billionin2021toUS$9.3billion).Theriseinmitigation-markedODAisattributedtoanincreasein

bilateralODAloansdirectedtowardsthemarker,increasingfromUS$8.9billionin2021toUS$14.4billionin2022.

Figure6:Mitigation-markedbilateralODAbyflowtype,2021(US$billions)

US$billions

30

0

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

8789

Equity

78

109

14

Grant

88

Loan

3

5

25

20

10

11

15

10

4

4

8

6

6

6

5

7

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonors,constant2021prices.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

14

US$billions

GendermarkedODAasashareof

bilateralallocabletotal

42%

37%

42%

34%

Theamountofgender-

relatedODAreachedanall-timehighin2022butits

shareoftotalODAfellfromthepreviousyear

Figure7:Gender-relatedODAdisbursements,DACcountries(US$billions)

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

37%36%

39%

47

41%

50

31%32%

37

33%

40

44

46

31

28

36

32

26

3133

36

39

4142

45

2223

2627

.■■■■■■■■■■

4.04.45.24.85.24.84.45.05.45.05.3

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

45%

40%

35%

30%

25%

20%

15%

10%

5%

0%

PrincipalSignificantGendermarkedODA%oftotal

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonors,constant2021prices.Aidhereisbilateralallocableasrecommendedforanalysisonthegendermarkerinthe

GenderEqualityPolicyMarkerHandbook.

DAC-membergovernmentsincreasedtheamountofbilateralallocableODAspecifiedashavingagenderobjective(significantorprincipal)fromUS$47.4billionin2021to

US$50.2billionin2022.Thisisanincreaseof5.8%andrepresentsanall-timehigh.

However,almostallofthisgrowthwasdrivenbyothersector-focusedprojectsthat

donorsmarkedasrelevantforgenderoutcomes.ODAtoprojectsthathadgenderas

theirprincipalobjectiveincreasedonlymarginally(fromUS$5.0billionin2021toUS$5.3billionin2022),andhasremainedlargelyunchangedsince2019.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

15

US$billions

53

56

51

24

28

46

36

47

29

21

48

33

19

48

25

20

48

24

21

42

26

19

42

21

17

43

18

17

28

27

39

19

14

102

AnincreasedproportionofbilateralODAwasspent

withinthecountrythatprovidedit

Figure8:DACODA,US$billions:bilateral(transfer)grants,bilateral(transfer)loans,bilateralnon-transferandcorecontributionstomultilaterals

250

200

150

100

50

0

Bilateraltransfergrants

Bilateralnon-transfer

Bilateraltransferloans

Corecontributionstomultilaterals

84

83

83

83

80

75

75

89

71

74

20122013201420152016201720182019202020212022

Source:OECDDACdata

Notes:GrossODAdisbursementsfromDACdonors,constant2021prices.PreviouschartsreferredtoODA

disbursementsfrommultilateralorganisations.Bycontrast,thischartincludesmultilateralODAwhichreferstocorecontributionsfromdonorcountriestomultilateralorganisations.Hence,bydefinition,multilateralODAisalso‘transfer’ODA.SeetheBoxfordefinitiononnon-transferODA.

TheproportionoftotalODAspentdomestically(alsoknownas‘non-transferaid’)

increasedfrom14%to19%between2021and2022.Thisincreasewasdrivenbytheriseindonorrefugeehostingcostsfromanumberofdonors,includingtheUK,US,

Germany,Poland,Ireland,Italy,SwitzerlandandSpainand20others.

TheshareofODAintheformofbilateraltransferloansgrewbyathirdbetween2021and2022toreachUS$36billion.Thisisthejointhighestrateofannualgrowthinthelast

decadewith2020.AsashareoftotalODAfromDACdonors,itincreasedfrom13%to

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

16

15%,representingaperiodhigh.Theshareofbilateraltransfergrantsfellslightly(45%to43%)despiteincreasinginvolume.Theshareofcorecontributionstomultilateralsfell

morenotably(from28%to22%)withthiscategoryalsoreceivingafallinvolume.

Box:Whatdoesnon-transferaidinclude?

Non-transferaidincludesrefugeesindonorcountries,imputedstudentcosts,in-donorscholarships,administrativecostsandthepromotionofdevelopment

awareness.Italsoincludesdebtrelief,wherebygovernmentsandorganisationswhoprovideaidareallowedtoincludedebtsthatarerescheduledorforgivenas

ODA.Theamountthatcanbereportedasaidiscappedtothenominalvalueoftheoriginalloan.10

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

17

Aboutthedatainthispaper

AboutOECDDACdata

DACmembers,whichincludeallthemainbilateraldonorcountriesplusagenciesoftheEU,areobligatedtoreportODAdatatothesedatabases.Inaddition,allthemain

multilateralorganisationsvoluntarilyreporttheirODAcommitmentsanddisbursements.ODAdatareportedtotheDACisgovernedbyacomprehensivesetofreporting

directiveswhichmeansthedataisstandardisedandcomparableacrossdifferentdonors.SomecountrieswhicharenotDACmembersalsoreporttotheDAC,butmanydonot,

(includinglargeproviderssuchasChinaandBrazil).Forthisreason,thefollowing

analysisislimitedtoDACmembersandmultilateralorganisations.

Youcanfindmoreinformationonthe

OECDDAC’screditorreportingsystemdatabase,

andseethe

fulldatafordownload.

Additionaldatamightbeincludedinfutureupdates.

Ouranalysis

Weuseconstantprices.ThismeansouranalysisshowsthechangesinODAwithouttheimpactsofinflation.

Weusegrossdisbursements,ratherthangrantequivalent.Thedifferencebetweengrossdisbursementsandthegrant-equivalentmeasureishowODAloansareaccountedfor.

Grossdisbursementsmeansthefullfacevalueoftheloanisreported,whereasthegrantequivalentmeasuremeansonlyapercentageoftheloaniscountedasODA.This

percentagedependsonhowconcessionaltheloanis–thesoftertheloan,thehigherthepercentagecountedasODA.Grossdisbursementsareusedinthisanalysisasthatis

morereflectingoftheamountofmoneyactuallytransferredintheyearconcerned.

Aidin2022:Keyfactsaboutofficialdevelopmentassistance/

18

Appendix1

TableA1:LargestODArecipientsbyvolumein2022,withchangefrom2021

Country

Rank

2022

Rank2021

2022

(US$millions)

2021

(US$millions)

Change

2021-22(US$millions)

Ukraine

1

21

29,250

2,314

26,936

India

2

1

7,125

6,486

639

Bangladesh

3

2

7,004

6,319

685

Ethiopia

4

5

5,096

4,231

864

Nigeria

5

7

4,956

3,867

1,089

Afghanistan

6

4

3,957

4,515

-558

Democratic

RepublicoftheCongo

7

8

3,437

3,696

-259

Pakistan

8

6

3,332

3,953

-621

Kenya

9

10

3,301

3,652

-350

Tanzania

10

14

2,994

2,836

159

Mozambique

11

19

2,869

2,430

439

Türkiye

12

12

2,844

3,110

-266

Yeme