直接引语与间接引语的转化 讲与-2023中考英语复习

直阕I语与间阕机鼬转化讲义

引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语，即原封不动地引用原话，把它放

在引号内；另一种是间接引语，即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。下

面我们一起来学习几种直接引语转换为间接引语的技巧。

一、人称的转换

1.直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称

如：Hesaid,"Iamverysorry."—>Hesaidthathewasverysorry.

2.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，应转换为第一人称

如："Youshouldbemorecarefulnexttime."myfathertoldme—Myfathertoldme

thatIshouldbemorecarefulthenexttime.

3.直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，要转换成第三人称

如：Shesaidtoherson,'Tilcheckyourhomeworktonight."—>Shesaidtoherson

thatshewouldcheckhishomeworkthatnight.

4.人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等

如：Heaskedme,"Willyougotothestationwithmetomeetafriendofminethis

afternoon?”—HeaskedmewhetherIwouldgotothestationwithhimtomeetafriendof

histhatafternoon.

5.口诀巧记人称变化

口诀：“一主、二宾、三不变”。

(1)“一主”指当直接引语中的第一人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的主语在人称上

保持一致。

如：Hesaid,"Iamforty."-*Hesaidthathewasforty.

(2)“二宾”指当直接引语中的第二人称变为间接引语时，要和主句中的间接宾语保持

人称上的一致。

如：Hesaid,"Areyoucomingtomorrow?”—HeaskedmeifIwascomingthenext

day.

(3)“三不变’指当直接引语中的第三人称变为间接引语时，人称不变。

如：Hesaid,"IssheanEnglishteacher?HeaskedifshewasanEnglishteacher.

另外请同学们注意，直接引语为复数，引述者主语为单数时，间接引语的主语要相应

变为复数。

如：Hesaid,"AreyouinterestedinEnglish?Heaskedusifwewereinterestedin

English.

总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况具体对待，要符合逻辑。

二、时态的转换

直接引语转换为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部

分）中的谓语动词在时态方面要做相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际这也是

宾语从句对时态的要求），变化如下：

如："Iamverygladtovisityourschool",shesaid.一Shesaidshewasverygladto

visitourschool.

Tomsaid,"Wearelisteningtothepopmusic."—>Tomsaidthattheywerelisteningto

thepopmusic.

Motherasked,“Haveyoufinishedyourhomework

beforeyouwatchTV?”—MotheraskedmewhetherIhadfinishedmyhomework

beforeIwatchedTV.

Heaskedtheconductor,"WhereshallIgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus?”—He

askedtheconductorwherehewouldgetofftochangetoaNo.3bus.

"Whydidsherefusetogothere?"theteacherasked.—Theteacheraskedwhyshe

hadrefusedtogothere.

三、句子结构的变化

1.直接引语为陈述句时，用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可

用said,也可用told来代替。请注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that或者toldsb.that,

不可直接说toldthato

如：Hesaid,"IhavebeentotheGreatWall."—>Hesaidtousthathehadbeentothe

GreatWall.

Hesaid.'THgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday."—

HetoldusthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.

如果间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列从句，第一个连词可以省略，以

后的连词一般不省略，以免混乱。

如：Thedoctorsaid,"Youarenotseriouslyill,youwillbebettersoon."—Thedoctor

said(that)IwasnotseriouslyillandthatIwouldbebettersoon.

2.直接引语为一般疑问句时，间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中的谓语动

词said要改为asked,语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。

如：Hesaid,"Doyouhaveanydifficultywith

pronunciation?”一Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmy

pronunciation.

Hesaid."YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”—HeaskedwhetherIwas

interestedinEnglish.

3.直接引语为选择疑问句时，间接引语用whether…or…表达，而不用if...or...,也不

Neither...or...,语序是陈述句语序。

如：Heasked,"DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”一HeaskedmewhetherIspoke

EnglishorFrench.

Iasked,"Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”—Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebus

ortaketrain.

4.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用

ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。

如：Heasked,"What'syourname?”—Heasked(me)whatmynamewas.

Heaskedus,"Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”—Heasked

ushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.

5.直接引语为祈使句时，间接引语用带t。的不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask,advise,

tell,warn,order,request等。如asksb.todo（用于肯定祈使句），asksb.nottodo

（用于否定祈使句）。不定式短语中的时间状语、地点状语、人称及时态都做相应的变化。

如：Hesaid,uBeseated,please."^Heaskedustobeseated.

"Dobecarefulwithyourhandwriting."hesaid—Hetoldmetobecarefulwithmy

handwriting.

"Don'ttouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission",theteachersaid.—»Theteacher

warnedthestudentsnottotouchanythinginthelabwithoutpermission.

6.有些直接引语含有“建议”“劝告”的祈使句，可用suggest,insist,offer等动词转述。

如：Hesaid,"Let'shavearest."—Hesuggestedushavingarest.

Hesaid,"Letmehelpyou."—Heofferedtohelpme.

7.当直接引语形式上是疑问句，有表示“请求”“建议”的意义时，可用asksb.todosth.,

advisesb.todosth.等形式转述。

如："Wouldyoumindopeningthedoor?"heasked.—Heaskedmetoopenthedoor.

"Whynotgoingoutforawalk?”heaskedus.—Headvisedustogooutforawalk.

8.直接引语是感叹句时，可用what或how引导，也可用that引导。

如：Shesaid,"Whatalovelydayitis!"—Shesaidwhatalovelydayitwas./Shesaid

thatitwasalovelyday.

四、从句时态无须改变的情况

1.当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时

如：Healwayssays,"Iamtiredout."—Healwayssaysthatheistiredout.

2.当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时时

如：Hewillsay,*TIItrymybesttohelpyou."—Hew川saythathewilltryhisbestto

helpme.

3.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时

如：Hesaid,"Iwenttocollegein1994."—Hetoldusthathewenttocollegein1994.

4.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时

如：Hesaid,"WhenIwasachild,Iusuallyplayedfootballafterschool."—Hesaid

thatwhenhewasachild,heusuallyplayedfootballafterschool.

5.当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时

如：Ourteachersaidtous,"Lighttravelsfasterthansound."->Ourteachertoldus

thatlighttravelsfasterthansound.

6.当直接引语是谚语、格言时

如：Hesaid,'Practicemakesperfect."—>Hesaidthatpracticemakesperfect.

7.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,

must,oughtto,usedto,need时

如：Thedoctorsaid,"You'dbetterdrinkplentyofwater."—>ThedoctorsaidI'dbetter

drinkplentyofwater.

Hesaid,"Shemustbeateacher."一Hesaidthatshemustbeateacher.

Hesaid,"Sheoughttohavearrivedherofficebynow."—Hesaidthatsheoughtto

havearrivedherofficebythen.

Sheasked,"MustItakethemedicine?”—Sheaskedifshehadtotakethe

medicine.

8.除以上情况外，直接引语与间接引语的转换要因实际情况而定，不能机械地照搬。

如果当地转述，here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go。如果当天转述yesterday,

tomorrow,thisafternoon等均不必改变。

朝

I.单项选择

1."You'vealreadygotwell,haven'tyou?"sheasked.

Sheasked.

A.ifIhavealreadygotwell,hadn'tyou

B.whetherIhadalreadygotwell

C.haveIalreadygotwell

D.hadIalreadygotwell.

2.Heasked,"AreyouaPartymemberoraLeaguemember?

Heaskedme.

A.amIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

B.wasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

C.ifIwasaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

D.whetherwasIaPartymemberoraLeaguemember

3.Heasked,"Howareyougettingalong?"

Heasked.

A.howamIgettingalongB.howareyougettingalong

C.howIwasgettingalongD.howwasIgettingalong

4.Heasked,"What'sthematterwithyou?"

Heaskedmewithme.

A.whatthematterisB.whatthematterwas

C.what'sthematterD.whatwasthematter

5.Hesaid,"Don'tdothatagain."

Hemehatagain.

A.saidtome；nottodoB.saidtome；don'tdo

C.toldme；don'tdoD.toldme；nottodo

6.Canyoumakesure?

A.thathewillcomeheretoday

B.whenhewillcomeheretoday

C.willhecomeheretoday

D.whetherwillhecomeheretoday

7.Doyouhappentoknow?

A.whereisheraddress

B.inwhichplaceisheraddress

C.whatheraddressis

D.theplaceheraddressis

8.Excuseme,canyoutellme?

A.wherecanIgettothelibrary

B.whereIcangettothelibrary

C.howcanIgettothelibrary

D.howIcangettothelibrary

9.Johnaskedmetovisithisuncle'sfarmwithhim.

A.howwouldIlikeB.ifornotwouldIlike

C.whetherIwouldlikeD.whichIwouldlike

10.I'dliketoknowChinese.

A.whenhebegantolearn

B.whendidhebegintolearn

C.whendidhebeginlearning

D.forhowlonghebegantolearn

II.将下列句子变为直接引语

1.ItoldhimthatIhadlostmymoneyandthatIwouldfindit.

2.SheaskedwhetherIwouldbefreethenextdayornot.

3.Iaskedherwhereshewasgoingandwhatshewasgoingtodothenextday.

4.Hisfathertoldhimnottoclimbthathightreeinhisnewcoat.

5.