高三英语一轮复习语法定语从句讲义

一轮语法复习定语从句思维导图+语法定语规则+真题单句填空+篇章填空+指向写作的句子翻译+参考答案定语从句定义定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。定语从句的分类定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。1．限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。2．非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。定语从句的两个基本要素先行词：被定语从句所修饰的词关系词：1）引导定语从句的词（连接）

2）代替先行词（指代）

3）在从句中充当句子成分（作成分）定语从句的基本用法类别引导词句子成分指代关系代词which主、宾物或整个句子that主、宾、表人或物who主、宾人whom宾人whose定所属关系，“……的”as主、宾、表人、物或整个句子关系副词when时间状语时间where地点状语地点why原因状语原因that的用法仅在限制性定语从句中使用，既可以指代人又可以指代物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略，但不能作介词宾语。下面几种情况必须用that引导定语从句：1）先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等；2）先行词被theonly,thevery,any,every,no,all,few,little,much等修饰；3）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰；4）先行词既有人又有物；5）主句的主语是疑问词who或which；6）主句以here,there开头；7）有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。which的用法1）指代物或一句话，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或介词的宾语。2）“介词+which”引导定语从句的用法who和whom的用法1）who指代人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，但介词提到关系代词前，不能用who。在限制性定语从句中who可用that代替。2）whom指代人，在定语从句中作宾语，介词提到关系代词前，只能用whom。在限制性定语从句中可用who或that代替。whose的用法指人或者物，在定语从句中作定语。当从句中含有与先行词有所属关系的词的时候，我们就用whose引导定语从句，相当于ofwhom或ofwhich。when的用法when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“表时间的介词（如：in,at,on,during等）+which”。where的用法where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“表地点的介词（如：in,at,on,under等）+which”。why的用法why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“表原因的介词（如：for）+which”注意：①当先行词为situation,case,stage,point等，且关系词在定语从句中作状语时，也要用关系副词where引导。②有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where/when前加介词from/to等。③关系副词when,where可用于非限制性定语从句，而关系副词why不可以。五、定语从句的特殊用法1.as的用法1）用于限制性定语从句。指人或物且在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。常用句型为：①such（+名词）+as...（像……一样的，像……之类的）②thesame+名词+as...（和……同样的）2）用于非限制性定语从句。指代整个主句或主句中的一部分，意为：正如……，像……注意：1）as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为整个主句或主句中的一部分内容，关系词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，as与which均不可省略，有时两者可以互换。2）在非限制性定语从句中，which引导的从句一般在主句之后，而as引导的从句，可在主句前、主句后，也可插在主句中。3）在非限制性定语从句中，which通常意为“这；这一点”；as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如；就像”。常用as的结构：asanybodycansee，asweallknow，asweexpected，asisreported，ashasbeenannounced，asisoftenthecase2.“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中的注意事项1）“介词＋which”指物，“介词＋whom”指人。2）some，any，none，both，all，few，neither，most＋of＋关系代词(whom/which)，表示“所有”关系，或“整体与部分”的关系。3）介词＋whose＋名词。3.theway+定语从句当theway作先行词时，从句中缺状语时，用inwhich或that或省略引导定语从句定语从句巩固练习一、定语从句与高考真题(2022·新高考I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies________livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.(2021·新高考II卷)IdecidedthatifIlearnedofapany________usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.(2021·1月浙江)BMIisaninternationallyrecognizedmeasurementtool_____________givesanindicationofwhethersomeoneisahealthyweight.(2021·天津)WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakesfrom________wecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.(2020·天津)AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.(2020·全国Ⅲ)InancientChinalivedanartist_______paintingswerealmostlifelike.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane，forexample，formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum_____________openedin1759.(2020·江苏)Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolutionthat_______(suit)everyone.(2019·全国II)NowIreneAstburyworksfrom9amto5pmdailyatthepetshopinMacclesfield,_________sheopenedwithherlatehusbandLes.(2019·全国III)Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_______hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.(2019·北京)Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_____aretotallyengaged(参与)inacademiclife，takingfulladvantageofthecollege’schancesandresources(资源)．(2019·天津)Theirchildisatthestage_______shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.(2019·江苏)Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofingtrue.(2019·浙江)Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth_______givesofflightinthedark.(2018·全国Ⅱ)TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005—whenthegovernmentstartedasoiltestingprogram_____________givesspecificfertilizerremendationstofarmers—and2011，fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.(2018·浙江)Manywesterners___________etoChinacookmuchlessthanintheirowncountriesoncetheyrealizehowcheapitcanbetoeatout.二、单句填空1．Theoldmanturnedhisbusinessovertohisyoungerson，_______madehiseldersondiscouraged.2．Iwillneverforgetsuchabeautifulvillage_______Ispentmychildhoodwithmygrandparents.3．Theretheymetpeoplefromotherpartsofthecountry，_____hadalsovolunteeredtohelp.4．Therearemanygoodwebsites_______youcancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld.5．Thesystem,_______canbethemostadvancedinmanyways，willbethelargestearthquakeobservationnetworkintheworld.6．HedecidedtogotoStanfordbecausethereweremanyopportunitiesforpeople___________wantedtoworkinSiliconValley.7．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，______hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience.8．ThenNeedhambeganhislifelongresearch，_______endedupcreatingthegreatestwork—ScienceandCivilisationinChina.9．Thiswomanhassetagoodexampletoherson，_____isareallyluckyguy.10．Overtheyears，Ihavemetsomeinterestingpeople.Twoofthemostinterestingpeopleweretwoelderlysisters，JoanandBernice，_______wayoftalkingaboutpeopleinspiredme.三、语法填空Therewasatime1.______IwastiredoflearningEnglishanddislikedtospeakEnglish.Andthiswasthereason2._____myfatherforcedmetojoinina30daytraininginanEnglishclubbeforeIwenttoseniorhighschool.WhenIfirstcametotheclub，3._______Imetmanystrangers，Imissedmyparentsverymuch.SoIpackedupmythingsandwantedtogohome.Fortunately，myguide，4._______teacherwasYuMinhong，municatedwithmefacetoface.He，from5.______Igainedsomeusefulinstructions，alsoshowedmeagoodpartner，andwegotalongwellwitheachother.GraduallyIadaptedtothelifethere.EverydayIwouldliketotalktootherteenagersandsetdownaseriesofactivities6._____________wedid.Ishouldbegratefultomyfatherandtheguide，7._____encouragedmetofallinlovewithEnglish.NowIfeelitinterestingtolearnEnglish，into8._______Iputmyentireenergy.EverydayIreadmywordsandpassagesaloud.InclassIjoininEnglishdiscussions.BeforeIgotosleep，Irecallthepassages，through9._______Icanmemorizealargenumberofnewwords.10.____ourEnglishteachersays，“AslongasyouformthehabitoflearningEnglisheverydayandhaveperseverance，youwillconquerEnglishsoonerorlater.”四、写作运用——翻译下列句子。（指向应用文与续写标注）我们周围的一切都被遮住了，这无疑增加了我们的困难,让我们更加无助。续写_____________________________________________________________________这是我读过的最美的诗。应用文___________________