英语音标教案

国际音标教案

授课人:

Lesson1音素、音标及分类

音素是最小的语音单位。英语共有48个音素，其中20个为元音音素，24个为辅音音

素。元音可分为单元音和双元音。单元音又有长元音和短元音之分。长元音用/:/符号表示。

辅音有清辅音和浊辅音之分。

元音的发音特点是气流通过口腔时，不受任何阻碍，声带振动。学习元音时，最主要的

是掌握舌、唇、牙床三者的位置。

辅音的发音特点是气流通过口腔或鼻腔时，受到舌、唇、齿等发音器官的阻碍。发音

时声带不振动的是清辅音；声带振动的是浊辅音。发辅音时，要注意不可加入元音成分。

音标是音素的书面符号，用来注明字母和单词的读音。每一个音标代表一个音素，写在

方括号［］或双斜线//内。

前元音[I：1[|1[el[ae]

单元音中元音[3：][a][A]

后元音[a：][P][o：][u：][u]

在合口双元音[ei][ai][oi][au][au]

次兀日

集中双元音[,3][ea][aa]

辅音

爆破音：[p][b][t][d][k][g]

麻场上.舌尖摩擦音一[0][d]唇齿摩擦音一[f][v]

庠爆日•舌端齿靛音一[$][z]舌端齿龈后部音一[J][5]

声门音一[h]舌尖齿靛后部摩擦音——[r]

鼻辅音：[m]En][n]

苦侧音：[1]

Lw][J]

辛元育：

破擦音：[tT]Ld3][tr][dr][ts][dz]

上唇硬颗声带

下唇软颗鼻腔

上齿舌尖

发音部位下齿舌前

上齿龈舌中

下齿靛舌后

[i：]发音要领：口微张，舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽量抬起，但不能触到上颗，双唇向两旁伸开，呈扁平

型，似微笑状。

ebemeheshewe

eeseemeetweektreesleepfreethreegreen

eameatseateachercleanreadbeachbeaneatjeansleaf

eeChinesetheseevening

[l]发音要领：舌尖抵下齿，双唇自然张开，齿间可容下一小手指。双唇自然张开，两颊放松，口

腔肌肉放松。

iitinisfilmsixshipsitfish

ydirtyveryluckycitymanybusyeasyhappy{词尾的y}

eymonkeymoneydonkey

例:heshewemefeetbeemeetbeeffeedheelmeatpeapeachread

teapigkickshipdishbigcitybusyhappyeasymoneymonkeydonkey

对比练习：/pi:p/

/di:p/

/di:d/

/si:t/

/zi:p/

/bi：t/

爆破音［p］［b］

［p］发音要领：双唇紧闭，形成完全阻塞，气流经双唇突然冲出，爆破成音。它是清辅音，声带不振

动。

penparkpickpigpandapianoparrot

applepuppet

mopstoplampsleepsheepship

［b］发音要领：发音位置与口型与［p］一样。不同的是［b］是浊辅音，发音时声带振动

bigbatbutterbatbigbutbike

rubbernumbertablememberrubbish

对比练习：/bi://pi:/

/bi:p//pi：b/

/bi//pi/

/bip//pib/

ReviewandTest

一、将你听到的音正确排序。

/bi:p//p//bp//b//pi:b//pb/

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

bigleafpeachpullblackpenneedbluesyllabledutyChinese

三、请标出划线字母的音标

Barkingdogsdonotbite.

Adonkeyiseatingbananasinthepark」

Thecftyisbigandbeautiful.

Greenleavesareonthetree.

Lesson2前元音[e][ae]

［e］发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，舌前部抬至硬腭，口腔为半张半闭。牙床半开，齿间可容下一个食

指。双唇松弛地展向两侧

ebedredpetdeskegghentenleg

eaweatherheadbreadhealthquestion

amanyanyat

［纪］发音要领：舌尖抵住下齿，牙床开得较大,齿间可容下两个食指。唇形稍扁，向两边平伸

aapplebadcatfatblackflaghandrabbitantbat

familyhappycapmapfatbadbankcatchmatchmanlamp

fanmatbaghat

短语练习：Afactisafact.That'sthat.

Ablackcatiscatchingafatrat.Don,tletthecatoutofthebag.

对比练习:pen-panguess-gasbeg-bagset-sadhead-hadlend-land

Ihaveapenandabag.Applesareredandyellow.

爆破音[t][d]

［t］发音要领：舌尖紧贴上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌尖和上齿龈间冲出，舌尖弹开，爆破成

音。它是清辅音，声带不振动。

teethtalktoytabletaxiteatelltouchtimetowel

standstarstopstampstory

hotmeatmeetwanteathotfootbootfatwait

［d］发音要领：发音位置和口形与［t］一样，不同的是［d］是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。

ddoordogdeskduckdolldish

noodlesunderMonday

badhaudsadnodnoodfoodbedcoldred

短语练习：hotteatakeataxitellthetimeagoodfriendhandinhand

对比练习：.

Tom'shatisbehindthebed.

Twofeetaretoodirty.

ReviewandTest

一、将你听到的音正确排序。

/tap//b//dept//i:pri//tabp//prid//di:d//fi:t//hset//hi://red//bred/

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

dadeatbedtablebadmapdesksadpetredhatfootbranchsharp

三、请标出划线字母的音标。

1.Igetupatsix.

2Thefetdog.Peter'spet,canpickupthepen.

3A:How'syourleg?B:It'sgettingbetter,thanks.

4.Todayishjsbirthday.

Lesson3中元音[3：][o]

［3：］发音要领：舌中部升至口腔中部，使口部半张半合，舌身放平.双唇像发［i：］那样向两侧展开。

erhertermverb

irgirlshirtskirtfirstthirstybirdbirthdaycircledirtv

orwordworkworld

urturnnursepurseburn

earearthsearchheardlearn

ourjourney

［aJ发音要领：是［3：］的短音，唇既扁也不圆，口腔肌肉松弛。舌尖抵下齿，舌中部稍稍抬起。

asotaagainabout

opolite｛在闭音节中｝

usupport

arsugarpopular

ordoctor

erteacherwintersummerworkerfathermotherneverpaper

短语练习：Givemesomebutterandsugar.Myyoungerbrotherisadoctor.

对虑习：/pi：p//pi：pa/

/di:p//di:pd/

/:k//wa:ka/

［A］发音要领：舌后部抬至软腭，舌中部抬至稍高于嘴巴自然张开时的舌位。舌尖稍稍离开下齿。唇形

稍扁，向两侧咧开。

osoncolourmotherothermonevcomesomedoes

ubutsunduckluckbrushcupbushutgunjump

ouenoughtouchcoupledoublecousin

爆破音［k］［g］

[kJ发音要领：舌后部抬起，顶住软腭，形成完全阻塞。气流从舌后部与软腭间冲出，爆破成音。它是

清辅音，声带不振动。

ccakedosegrycleancoldcapcookcarcakecatcome

kkingkeykitebikelikekindlookworkluckmilk

ckduckdockluckblackbackpick

[g]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[k]一样，不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动

ggoodgategrassgotgogetgill

beginforget

bigpiglegbageggdog

对比练习：cap——gapcold-goldback—bagpick—pig

abigbagabigcatakindgirltakealook

lookforworkgoodluck

ReviewandTest

一、写出你所听到的音标。

[3：][a][k][g][t][d][p][b][i:][i][e][田]

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

picklackpigcomebirdcutbananacoolmilkearlykeygatedoor

Lesson4

［a:］发音要领：舌位很低，舌尖离开下齿，舌向后缩，舌身低平。牙床全开，口要张大。双唇自

然张开。

aafterfatherclassbathfastlastglassesbasketball

arcardarkhardparkarmpartycardmarketqardenfarmcarlarqe

alhalfcalfpalm

aulauahaunt

短语练习:Helaughslongestwholaughslast.Acarispassingbythepark.

对比练习：cut-cartluck-larkhut-heart

duck-darkcome-calmmuch-March

唇齿摩擦音［f］［v］

［f］发音要领：下唇稍向内收，轻触上齿下沿，形成部分阻塞。气流从上下唇间泄出摩擦成音。它是

轻辅音，声带不振动。

ffeelfinegiftleafhalffeetfatfarm,funlife

ffcoffeeofficeoffcliff

phphototelephonephotograph

gtjlaughenoughtoughrough

短语练习:Ileftmyfoodinmyoffice.Frankhasasetofbeautifulflat.

［v］发音要领：发音位置和口形与［f］一样，不同的是［v］是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。

Vveryvanvegetablevasevestvideoviolin

sevenheavyheavendrivewavefivehavelivelovemove

短语练习：Ilovemyvaseverymuch.Vivianplaystheviolinverywell.

对比练习：fan-vanferry-very

fast-vastleaf-leave

wolf-wavefeel-vealfew-view

ReviewandTest

一、写出你所听到的音标。

[3：][9][A][f][V][a:]

二、听单词，写出划线字母的音标

shjrtworkdoctorskirtnurseteachervegetablehalfdivefivehardbuspuzzle

Lesson5后元音[D][°:]

[0]发音要领：舌身后缩，将舌后部升至最高，舌尖离开下齿，牙床几乎全开。张开双唇，略成圆

形，但不向前突出。

otopmopboxsoftstopshopfoxcoffeeclockdoctorbodyorange

awashwatchwantwhat

短语练习：Theclockhasstopped.Alittlepotissoonhot.

[□：]发音要领：将舌后部抬至中位，舌身后缩舌尖稍稍离开下齿。床开的较宽但比[□]稍小。双

唇更圆，口腔肌肉紧张。

orhorseshortdoorfloorborncornforkmorningshorttorchstory

arwarmwar

awlawdrawsaw

allallballtallwallhallfallcallmall

alktalkwalkchalk

aughnaughtcaughtdaughter

oughoughtthoughtbought

短语练习：Georgesawasawonthewall.Thetallhorsesawtheshorthorse

Drawawall,drawawall.

Drawahorseonthewall.

Drawashortswordonthewall.

Drawadooronthewall.

对比练习：］Writeastoryonthewall.

舌尖摩擦音[8][d1

[e]发音要领：舌尖接近上齿，形成部分阻塞，气流通过这个缝隙而摩擦成音.它是轻辅音，声带不

振动

ththinthickthreethrowthinkthankbirthdaysomething

bathroommouthmathteethmonthbathtooth

短语练习：Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy

[6]发音要领：舌尖稍向前伸,轻触上齿下缘，形成部分阻塞。气流从齿缝中泄出,摩擦成音。它是浊

辅音，声带振动。

ththisthatthesethosetherethethanthentheytheir

fathermotherbrotherfeatherleathersmoothwithclothe

短语练习：Igotoparkwithmyfather,motherandbrother.

对比练习：threebrothersthismonth

Hisfatherandherbrotherarebothteachers.

Goodhealthisabovewealth.

Therearethreegirlsinmyfamily.Tmthethird.

ReviewandTest

写出你所听到的音标。

［史]Ea：][0][o][s][。]0：][f][V][I][A][b][0：]

e]

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

orangeautumnhotallthankscar

busbirthdayfourthirstydogsorryteeth

doctorboxcoffeethreethosethatmouth

Lesson6后元音[U：][u]

[u:]发音要领：舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起。牙床近乎全合，口腔肌肉紧张。双唇收圆，并向前突出,

双唇肌肉较紧。

odotowhowhosetwoshoe

oomoontoothfoodschoolcoolchoosenoonsooncoolzoo

ousoupgroupyou

uijuicefruit

urulerbuletrue

短语练习：bluemoonapairofshoesaglassofjuiceIt'scoolinautumn.

［u］发音要领：舌后部抬得比［u：］低一些。舌身的肌肉紧度略小于［u：］o双唇不向前突出，肌肉也

不像发［u：］那么紧

owolfwoman

uputpushsugarfullpullbulletbush

oobookcookgoodfootlook

oucouldwouldshould

短语练习:agoodbookagoodcooksomegoodsugar

Lookbeforeyouleap.agood-lookingwoman

对比练习：Hetooktwosugarsinhiscoffee.

Twocooksarelookingatthemoon.

Lesson7合口双元音[au][au]

［au］发音要领：从元音［a］起始，滑向元音［u］o口形从扁平过渡到收圆，中间不能停顿。

ogonobothoverjokesooh

oaboatgoatcoatsoup

owshowknowsnowwindow

ololdcoldfoldholdsold

oehomenosethosehopenotebone

短语练习：gohomeIhopeso.Thepostmanclosethepostoffice

［au］发音要领：从舌位很低的元音［a:］起始。舌身先平放于口腔中,然后抬向放松的舌位

元音［u］,双唇逐渐收圆。

OUmousecloudloudouthousemouthabout

owbowcownowbrowntowndowntowermountain

短语练习:abrowntowerhousewithoutsoundathousandflowers

Openyourmouthandroundyourlips

对比练习：know-nowtone-townload-loud

Whole-howphone-foundshow-shout

dawn-downhorse-housenorth-south

short-shoutought-outthought-thousand

舌端齿龈摩擦音[S][z]

[s]发音要领：舌尖抬起，靠近上齿龈，但不贴住。气流从齿尖与齿龈间泄出，摩擦成音它是轻辅音声

带不振动.

sseaskysitsnakesunstarsmalllastfastlosthorsebusthissockslips

sspassglassgrass

ccitycirclecyclericejuiceface

短语练习：somesweetssingasongthisseason

I'msad.somejuicesomericeinthebag

[z]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[s]一样。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动

zzoozebrazerozonesizegazebreezefreeze

shishasplease

元音、浊辅音加s读[z].

短语练习：Thereisazebrainthezoo.

ReviewandTest

一、写出你所听到的音标。

[Q：][U：][0：][0][U][f][V][s][z][o][d]

二、听单词，写出你所学过的音标。

spoonsweetsimplesnakesunsing

bluenosetherethatthisschoolhe

shebirdcarcateggzebra

Iesson8合口双元音[ei][ai]

[el］发音要领：从舌位稍低的［e］开始，向［I］的舌位滑动。舌在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高

atablebabyladypaperstation

aesavefacenamelatecakewavetapegame

aiwaitmailstraitfailpaintraintailtrain

eabreakgreat

eieightweight

eygreyobey

aysaywaystay

短语练习：Nopains,nogains.Hastemakeswaste.Betterlatethannever.

［ai］发音要领：舌尖抵下齿,口由开到合，由［。：］向［1］滑动，中间不能停顿，舌位逐渐抬高

i_elifetimefineninebikelikekitericesize

yflytryskywhycryby

iedietielie

yeeyebye

ighlighthighrightnight

短语练习：Howtimeflies!Fivetimesfiveistwenty-five.Greatmindsthinkalike

对比练习：day-diemay-mylake-like

mail-milewait-white

舌端齿龈后部摩擦音[J][3]

[f]发音要领：舌身抬起，舌身与上齿龈、硬腭间形成一窄小缝隙。双唇突出，略呈喇叭形。气流从

缝隙中泄出。它是清辅音,声带不振动。

shshipsheepshortshirt（词首）

brushesdisheswashes（词中）

pushrushwishrubbish（词尾）

ssuresugar

短语练习：anEnglishshipasharkshock

[3]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[J]一样。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动

suausualcasual

surepleasureleisuremeasure

siondecisiontelevisionoccasion

短语练习：measurethepleasurethedecisiononthatoccasion

ReviewandTest

一、写出你所学过的前元音

[][][][]

二、写出你所学过的爆破音。

[][][][][][]

三、写出你学过的中元音

{}{}{}

四、写出你学过的后元音

{}{}{}{}{}

五、写出你学过的摩擦音

}(}(}(

六、连线，给单词找到合适的音标。

purple/tu:0,

bread/kouId/

breathe/li:st/

arm/'p3:pl/

cold/bri:d/

least/a:m/

tooth/bred/

Lesson9合口双元音［oI］集中双元音［［①］

［01］发音要领：由［。「滑向［I］,口形由圆到扁平，从开到合，舌位逐渐抬高。I］发的音较轻

oioiljoincoinvoicenoisechoicespoil

oyboytoyjoyenjoyemploysoy

短语练习：theboyandhistoyjointheboysavoidthechoicetoilandnoil

［ia］发音要领：由［i］音飞快滑向［。］,口形随之变化，舌位逐渐降低

eareallyideatheatre

eareardearclearhearneartearbeard

eerbeerdeersteersneercheer

ereherespheremere

短语练习：nearhererealbeeraclearidea

Comehere,dear!Weareneartheendoftheyear.

Cleartherubbishoutofhereanddon,tputitanywherenear.

舌尖齿龈后部摩擦音［r］声门摩擦音［h］

[r]发音要领：舌尖向上齿龈后部卷起，双唇收圆微突，气流从舌面和硬腭间泄出，摩擦成音。它是浊

辅音，声带振动。

rreadredrunrainroundroserightcarrotparrotthrow

短语练习：rightorwrongtherealreasonabrightroomMerryChristmas

Theseredrosesarereallypretty.

Therailwaybridgeacrosstheriverisover100feethigh.

[h]发音要领：口张开，口形不定，随后面的元音而变化。气流从口腔泄出不受阻，仅在通过声门时有

轻微摩擦。它是轻辅音，声带不震动

hhouseheadhothamhathorsehome

wh+owhosewhowhom

短语练习：ahatinhandahighhillHowhorrible!

ahappyholidayholdone'sheadhigh

读下面的句子，把可以连读的地方划出来，并标出连读后的音标。

Whattimeisit?Ilikeapairofsunglasses.

CanIhaveanapple?Thisisablackkite.

Ifitisgood,I'11eatit.Don'tshoutinmyear

lessonlO集中双元音[][ua]

发音耍领：由［£］向［。］滑动,中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐抬高，双

唇变化不大

airairhairchairfairpairstair

eirtheir

earbearpearwear

aresharesquarecaredarestare

eretherewhere

短语练习：repairtheirchairspreparetodeclareshareandsharefairandsquare

［u。］发音要领：由［u］向［。］滑动，中间无停顿，声音逐渐减弱。在发音过程中，舌位逐渐降低，双

唇由圆到不圆。

oorpoormoor

ourtourgourd

uresurepurecure

短语练习：Thetouristsaretouringthemoor.Theheartattacksbecamefewerandfewer

破擦音［订］［d31

［tj］发音要领：舌前部抬起，舌尖及舌端抵住上齿龈，形成完全阻塞。双唇向前突出，气流冲破阻碍,

爆破摩擦成音。它是清辅音，声带不振动

chChinachairchocolatechickcherryteacherkitchenwatchestouch

whichlunchmuchwatchbeach

turepicturenaturecentury

tionquestion

短语练习：acheerfulchapsuchacharmingchildchooseachocolate

］一样。不同的是它是浊辅音，发音时声带振动。

［d3］发音要领：发音位置和口形与［tf

jamjeepjoinjumpjeans

g（在i;e;y前）giraffeGeorgelargebridgeage

短语练习：alargebottleofjamJohnandJane

Georgecanjumponthelargebridge.

一、将下列音标配对。

元音/i://3://0://u://史//a:/

/A//P//I//9//e//u/

辅音/p//t//k//o//S//f//f

/Z//V//3//g//b//d//d

二、读下面的句子

1.Sheisthefirstteacher.

2.Therearesomegoodfood..

3.Threebooksaredirty,twobooksareclean.

4.-Canyoujump?-Yes,Ican.

5.Afoxiseatingmeat.

lessonll半元音[w][j]

[w]发音要领：双唇收得很小，并向前突出。舌位较高，舌后部向软腭抬起，但不接触。一经发出，迅

速向后面的元音滑动。声带振动

wwashwindowwearwarmwoodweekworkwaterswimswing

whwhalewhichwhenwherewhatwhywhite

短语练习：wordforwordasweakaswaterbetweenwindandwater

：j]发音要领：舌尖触下齿部，舌前部尽量向硬腭抬起，但不接触。双唇扁平，气流从舌面与硬腭间通过。

半元音也称为“滑动音”

yyesyellowyoungyouryo-yoyearyesterday

uuseunituniformmusicexcuseEurope

ewnewnephewfew

短语练习：yearin,yearoutbyyourselfyesterday'snewspaper

beautifulmusicyouryellownewsuit

鼻辅音[m][n][9]

[m]发音要领：双唇紧闭成完全阻塞。气流从鼻腔泄出，是浊辅音声带振动。

mmonkeymoneymaskmuchmeetmanmouthsmokesmoothsmall

smartroomamhomedrum

mmsummerswimmer

mbclimb

mnautumnhymnsolemn

短语练习：manandwomenmakeroomforTommakeendsmeet

[n]发音要领：舌尖和舌端抵住上齿龈成完全阻碍。气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音

nnoodlesnotneednicenewnursepencildentistangry

bananapianocannot

penruninplane

knknowknewknownknock

短语练习：neckornothingnowornevertolearnwithanopenmind

[rj]发音耍领：舌后部抬起紧贴软腭，成完全阻碍，气流从鼻腔泄出。浊辅音。

ninktankbank

ngsingkingringthingwinglongsongwrongstronghangfinger

短语练习：singasongalongstringkingofEngland

Lessonl2舌侧音[1][1]

[i]发音要领：发音时舌尖抵住上齿龈,使气流从舌的一侧或两侧泄出，质清晰。它是浊辅音，声带振

动。

1looklikelemonlionlakelovelargelearn

closefloorsleepclap

短语练习：leavehimalonealonglinelastbutnotleastliveandletlive

[1]发音要领：舌端紧贴上齿龈，舌前下陷,舌后上抬，舌面形成凹形,气流在此凹陷中产生共鸣,

音质模糊，它是浊辅音,声带振动

1buildwalktalkmilkhelpelbow

childgirllittlebowlmealbelldoll

11willhillsmell

短语练习：aspoiltchildPleasetellWilltofillthepailwithmilk.

It'snevertoooldtolearn.Alittlepillmaywellcureagreatill.

对比练习：lead-needlot-notline-nine

lame-namesow-snowlead-read

lock-rockclean-creamglow-grow

破擦音[tr][dr]

[tr]发音要领：舌尖向上卷起，抵住上齿龈后部，双唇收圆，略向前突出。它是清辅音。

trtreetraintrouserstrucktry

短语练习：atrainunderatree

Tracy,Tracy,Tracy,

Tracy,themouselivesinatree.

Sheseesmanytrainsandtrucks.

Shetriesandtriestocatchthetrain.

Train,train,train,

Butthetrainwastoofasttocatch.

[dr]发音要领：双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖上翘抵住上齿龈，声带震动.

drdrawdrinkdressdragondriverdropdream

对比练习：treat-cheattree-cheesetrip-chiptree-drinktreat-dream

Areyoudreaming?

Areyoudreaming?

Brotherdragon,brotherdragon?

Yes,Iamdreaming.

Driveacar,

Togetmytoy.

Togetmytoy.

[i：][i][e][ae]

[3：][a][A]

[a：HR[。：Hu：Hu]

[§T][纵H3HMH融]

[p][b][t][d][k][g]

[0][0]f][V]

[S][z][J][3]

[h][r][w][j][m][n][g]

Lessonl3[ts][dz]

[ts]发音要领：舌尖抵住上齿龈,舌前部抬向硬腭，形成阻塞。气流冲破阻碍先爆破，后摩擦。它是清

辅音,声带不振动

tsbeatsseatssheetsletssetsgetsfitsbitshatscats

artslotsshortsbootscuts

tesgateskites

Mydadsellscoatsandhats.

Hesaidhemightsellboots.

Butthencamethebats,

Andhewenttobuysomecats.

Cats,cats,cats,

Don,tbeafraidofthebats,

Theyarejustratsbrothers

[dz]发音要领：发音位置和口形与[ts]一样。但它是浊辅音

dsreadsbea