2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案22必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom练习含解析新人教版2

2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案22必修5Unit2TheUnitedKingdom练习含解析新人教版2必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.阅读理解A(2023·泰安市6月模拟)Ifyouheartheword“castle”ortheword“palace”，youmaypicturethesamekindofbuildingforboth:large,madeofstones,probablywithatower.And,ofcourse,you'renotentirelywrong,asthosearefeaturesofbothpalacesandcastles.SothenwhybothertovisitoneroyalbuildingintheUnitedKingdom—BuckinghamPalaceandanotherinthesamecountry—WindsorCastle?Itturnsoutthatthereisadifference,andyoucanfinditprettyplainlyinthesetwopopularbuildings.TheCaseforCastlesCastleswereresidencesforroyalty.Buttheywerealsointendedasdefensiveseats.Sayyou'reakingwhohastakenaparticularareaover.Nowyouhavetoholdit.Soyoubuildacastleandstaffitwithsoldierstodefendyourconqueredterritoryandensureitremainspartofyourkingdom.CastleswerebuiltthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEastprimarilyfortheprotectionofthekingandhispeople.Somecommonfeaturesofcastlesinclude：●thickwallsandheavygatestokeepinvadersout●protectivelowwallsforarcherstoshootwithcover●hightowersforkeepingalookoutforthesurroundinglands●gatehousesforadmittingalliesinsteadofallowingenemiesintothecastleThePlaceforPalacesPalaces,onthecontrary,hadnodefensivepurposes.Theywerefirstmeantforshowingoffthegreatvictoryofthewar.Palaceswerewherethespoils(战利品)ofwarmightbedisplayed,alongwithgrandarchitecture,massivebanquethalls,goldentablesettingsandmaybeevenhundredsofluxuriouslydecoratedrooms.Whilekingscertainlytookupresidenceinpalacesaswellascastles,nonmilitaryroyalsmightalsohavelivedin(orstilllivein)palaces.Ministerscouldliveincastlestoshowthepoweroftheirrichesratherthantheirnonexistentmilitarypower.ThetermcomesfromPalatineHillinRome.文章大意：本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了城堡和宫殿的不同之处。1．Whichofthefollowingisonefeatureofcastles？BA．Lowtowerssurroundingcastles.B．Defensivelowwallsforshooting.C．Gatehousesallowingenemiesintothecastle.D．Thickwallsandheavygatestolockinvadersin.解析：细节理解题。根据TheCaseforCastles部分的“protectivelowwallsforarcherstoshootwithcover”可知，用来射击的防御性低墙是城堡的特点之一。2．Whywerepalacesfirstbuilt？DA．Toaccommodateordinarysoldiers.B．Todefendtheking'sconqueredterritory.C．Toshowofftheartofroyalpainting.D．Todisplayhugesuccessofthewar.解析：细节理解题。根据ThePlaceforPalaces部分的“Theywerefirstmeantforshowingoffthegreatvictoryofthewar.Palaceswerewherethespoils(战利品)ofwarmightbedisplayed”，可知，最初建立宫殿是为了炫耀战争的胜利。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？BA．Tolistthereasonsforkings'livinginpalaces.B．Tomakeacomparisonbetweencastlesandpalaces.C．Totalkaboutthevalueofcastlesinmoderntimes.D．Toshowpalacesaremorepopularthancastles.解析：写作目的题。根据第二段最后一句“Itturnsoutthatthereisadifference，andyoucanfinditprettyplainlyinthesetwopopularbuildings.”以及下文中对城堡和宫殿的特点的介绍可知，本文是为了对比城堡和宫殿。B(2021·河南省南阳市一中月考)Haveyoueverheardarumorspreadaroundbystudentsatyourschool?Rumors,likefakenews,canoftenmisinformindividualsandleadthemtobelievefalseinformation.Inanattempttosettlethisproblem,thecountryofSingaporehaspassedabillthatbanscompaniesandindividualsfrompublishingfalseinformationonline.Thislaw,knownasTheProtectionFromOnlineFalsehoodsandManipulationBill,hascausedapublicoutcry(强烈的抗议),asthegovernmenthasbeengiventhepowertoremovecontentthatitconsidersinaccurateoragainstthepublic'sinterest.SinceSingapore'scitizensarepartofdifferentracialandreligiousgroups,thegovernmentfearsthatrumorsorfakenewscanincreasetensionswithinanalreadysmallcountry.Withthenewlawcomingintoeffect,Singapore'sgovernmentnowhastheauthoritytomonitornewssites,socialmediaplatforms,andotherdatabasesofinformationtodeterminewhetherthecontentisfalsified.Thegovernmentcanorderfortheremovaloffakenews,andpublishersofthisinformationcanreceiveprisontimeandfinesuptoonemillionSingaporedollars!Criticsfearthatthebillthreatenstheirfreedomofspeechandfreedomofexpression.Sincenationalissuesandworldnewsaregenerallydiscussedononlineplatforms,manyareconcernedthatthisnewbillwillpreventindividualsfromtalkingfreelyandhavinghealthyconversations.Severalcompanies,includingGoogle,Facebook,andTwitter,haveofficessituatedinSingapore,meaningthatthenewlawwillaffecttheircompanyoperations.SocialmediacompaniesinSingaporecouldfaceadeclineinactivity,asusersmayfearpostingtheiropinionsandbeingpunishedbythegovernment.Othersareconcernedthatthelawdoesnotclearlystatewhata“falsestatement”is.Suchanambiguitymightallowthegovernmenttomisusetheirpower,eventhoughtheintentionistocurtailthemowoffalseinformationandrumorsthroughoutSingapore.ThislawdoesgiverisetoseveralconcernsrelatedtofreedomandprivacyanditwillbeinterestingtoseewhatSingapore'sgovernmentwilldotodealwiththisproblem.文章大意：本文是一篇新闻报道类文章。新加坡通过了一个旨在惩罚虚假新闻发布者法案，一些人认为这会影响到他们的言论自由而强烈抗议。4．Whyaresomepeopleagainstthebill？CA．Theythinkthebillcan'tgetridoffakenews.B．Theybelongtodifferentracialandreligiousgroups.C．Theythinktheirfreedomofspeechmaybeharmed.D．Theydon'twanttoincreasetensionsintheircountry.解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“...thegovernmenthasbeengiventhepowertoremovecontentthatitconsidersinaccurateoragainstthepublic'sinterest.”及第六段第一句“Criticsfearthatthebillthreatenstheirfreedomofspeechandfreedomofexpression.”可知，一些人强烈地抗议新法案是因为新法案给政府赋予了删除不准确或不符合公共利益的内容的权力。这些人认为这会影响到他们的言论自由。故C项正确。5．Whatdoesthegovernmenthavetherighttodounderthenewlaw？AA．Punishpublishersoffakenews.B．Monitortelephoneconversations.C．Prohibitcertainpeoplefromgoingonline.D．Finefake-newsmakersanyamountofmoney.解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“Thegovernmentcanorderfortheremovaloffakenews,andpublishersofthisinformationcanreceiveprisontimeandfinesuptoonemillionSingaporedollars！”可知，新法案生效后政府有权惩罚虚假新闻制造者。故A项正确。6．HowwillthenewlawaffectsocialmediacompaniesinSingapore？DA．Theirusers'privacymaybedisturbed.B．Theirincomewillincreaseveryslowly.C．Theirillegalactivitieswillcometolight.D．Theirsocialmediamaybecomelessactive.解析：细节理解题。根据第七段第二句“SocialmediacompaniesinSingaporecouldfaceadeclineinactivity,asusersmayfearpostingtheiropinionsandbeingpunishedbythegovernment.”可知，社交媒体的使用者因害怕发表言论受到惩罚而降低活跃度。故D项正确。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph8probablymean？DA．Prove. B．Accelerate.C．Promote. D．Decrease.解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段“thegovernmentfearsthatrumorsorfakenewscanincreasetensionswithinanalreadysmallcountry”可知，新加坡政府通过这个法案的初衷就是为了避免虚假新闻在国内造成局势紧张。画线单词所在句的意思为：如此模糊的概念可能允许政府在这方面滥用权力，尽管政府的意图是为了抑制错误信息和流言蜚语在新加坡境内的传播。故该词义为“减少”，所以D项正确。Ⅱ.阅读七选五September23marksthestartofanewseason.1.FInGreatBritain,thethirdseasonoftheyearusuallyhasonlyonename:autumn.ButifyoutravelacrosstheAtlantic,you'llfindthatpeopleusebothfallandautumninterchangeablywhenreferringtothistimeofyear,makingittheonlyseasonintheEnglishlanguagewithtwowidelyacceptednames.2.CAccordingtoDictionary.com,fallisn'tamodernnamethatfollowedthemoretraditionalautumn.Thetwotermsareactuallyfirstrecordedwithinafewhundredyearsofeachother,withthetermfallbeingusedevenabitearlier.3.GThewordisofGermanicoriginandmeant“picking”or“collecting”,anodtotheactofgatheringandpreservingcropsinthefieldbeforewinter.Inthe1500s,Englishspeakersbeganreferringtotheseasonseparatingthehotandcoldmonthsaseitherthefalloftheleaforthespringoftheleaf,orfallandspringforshort.4.DBytheendofthe1600s,autumn,fromtheFrenchword“automne”andtheLatin“autumnus”,hadovertakenfallasthestandardBritishtermforthethirdseason.AroundthesametimeEnglandadoptedautunm,thefirst-everBritishAmericancolonists(殖民者)werevoyagingtoNorthAmerica.5.BWhiletheformerfelloutoffashionoverseas,itestablisheditselfinthelocalvocabularybythetimeAmericawonitsindependence.Today,usingbothwordstodescribetheseasonbeforewinterisstillauniqueAmericanbehavior.A.TheAmericanspreferusingfalltousingautumn.B．Withthemtheybroughtthewordsfallandautumn.C．Sowhatisitabouttheseasonthatmakesitsospecial?D．Butforsomereason,onlyspringhadstayingpowerinBritain.E．Itistimetogatherapples,riceandotherthingsforthefarmers.F．However,whatexactlyyoushouldcallthatseasondependsonwhereyouare.G．Beforeeitherwordappeared,theseasonbetweensummerandwinterwasknownasharvest.文章大意：本文是说明文，主题语境是“人与社会”。文章介绍了秋天在英语中两种不同的叫法及其历史渊源。1．考查细节支撑句。空前提到了“anewseason”，空后讲大不列颠和大西洋彼岸对这一季节叫法的不同，故F项符合语境，选项中的“thatseason”和“dependsonwhereyouare”分别与文中内容对应。2．考查承上启下句。空前提到秋天有两种叫法，下文是对此的解释，C项“那么是什么让这个季节变得如此特别？”连接上下文，符合题意。3．考查细节支撑句。上文提到了一个季节的两种叫法，结合下文的“Theword”可知，空处所填句中应用一个有关秋季另一种叫法的单词，G项“在两个词出现之前，夏季和冬季之间的季节被称为harvest”。符合题意。4．考查细节支撑句。上文讲到在16世纪，以英语为母语的人开始用树叶的落下(简称fall)或生长(简称spring)来指代炎热和寒冷的月份之间的那个季节，空后提到了17世纪末，autumn取代fall成为指代第三个季节的标准英国用词，由此推断，空处应说明spring一词的情况，故选D。5．考查细节支撑句。空前讲大约在英格兰采用autumn来指代秋天的同一时间，第一批去美国的英国殖民者开始漂洋过海到了北美，空后提到前一个词虽然在大洋彼岸不再流行，但却在美国独立后站稳了脚跟。B项中的“them”“they”对应了空前的“thefirst-everBritishAmericancolonists(殖民者)”，B项中的“fall”对应了空后的“theformer”。Ⅲ.语法填空Undoubtedly,Britainisanationofhatwearers.Fromtakingoffhats1.tolaunchingmortarboards(学位帽)intheair,hatshavelongbeenassociatedwithceremoniesandpractices.Eventhehistoryofthecountrycan2.betold(tell)throughhats.3.Dating(date)backtomedievalEngland,theflatcapbecameasymbolofworkingclasscultureinthe19thand20thcenturies.TheEdwardianerawas4.agoldenageofhats,whenthedecorationsbecameevenmoredelicate,rangingfromflowers,birdstofruits.Theporkpiehat,startinginthemid-19thcentury,wasthe5.choice(choose)formanywell-dressedVictoriancitizens.Decadeslaterit6.gradually(gradual)becameakeyfeatureofLondonstreetstyle.Bythe1960s,though,hatsfadedoutofpeople'ssightbecauseoftheriseofprivatecars.ItwastheRoyalWedding7.held(hold)in2011thatcontributedtothereturnofhatwearing.Forexample,HatWorksMuseum—theonlymuseuminStockportfeaturedinhatsandhatmaking—is8.morepopular(popular)thanever,withadistinctincreaseamongitsvisitors.9.WhatmarksBritainoutontheworldstageisthelargenumberofhatsthatcanbecalleditsown.ThevarietyofhatsinBritain10.reflects(reflect)itsmulticulturalbackgroundandrichculturalheritage.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。简要介绍了英国的帽子发展史。解析：1．考查介词。根据空前的From及空后的launching可知，此处考查固定用法from...to...“从……到……”。故用介词to。2．考查动词的语态。分析句子结构可知，tell和句子主语thehistoryofthecountry构成被动关系，故谓语用被动形式。故用betold。3．考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语became之间没有连词，故用其非谓语动词形式，且固定词组datebackto意为“追溯到”，和句子主语theflatcap构成逻辑上的主谓关系。故用其现在分词形式。4．考查冠词。goldenage意为“黄金时代”，是可数名词单数形式，其前无限定词修饰，此处在文中第一次提及，且golden的发音以辅音音素开头。故用不定冠词a修饰。5．考查名词。根据语境，且与定冠词the呼应可知，此处用其名词形式。6．考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词gradually修饰动词became。7．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，hold和句子主语theRoyalWedding构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用其过去分词作后置定语。本句是一个强调句，即：Itis＋被强调部分＋that＋句子剩余部分，对句子主语theRoyalWedding进行强调。8．考查形容词的比较级。与语境中的than呼应可知，此处用形容词比较级，作is的表语。9．考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的事物”。故用连接代词What。10．考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据语境可知，此处为一般性描述，应用一般现在时，且主语为Thevariety，故此处谓语用第三人称单数形式reflects。Ⅳ.短文改错(2021·广东省七校联合体第一次联考)Lastweekend,afterpayavisittothecityofNewYork,IvisitedtheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumoftheSmithsonianInstitution,whereliesinWashington,D．C..Themuseum,whichcoversaareaof18,000squaremeters,ismadeof24exhibitionhalls.Allkindsofplanes,rockets,missilesandspaceshipofgreatimportanceandvariouslyoldinstrumentsthatfamouspilotsandastronautsusedareondisplay.Inaddition,Iseecopiesofsomesatellitesandaircraft.Moreinterestingly,Itriedoperatingonsomeaircraftbymyself.Duringthevisit,Itooklotsofpicturesaswell.Thisbriefvisithelpedmyselflearnmuchaboutthehistoryofhumanspaceexploration.Itmadememoreinterestinginscienceandtechnology.答案：Lastweekend,aftereq\o(pay,\s\do8(paying))avisittothecityofNewYork,IvisitedtheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumoftheSmithsonianInstitution,eq\o(where,\s\do8(which))liesinWashington,D．C..Themuseum,whichcoverseq\o(a,\s\do8(an))areaof18,000squaremeters,ismadeeq\o(∧,\s\do8(up))of24exhibitionhalls.Allkindsofplanes,rockets,missilesandeq\o(spaceship,\s\do8(spaceships))ofgreatimportanceandeq\o(variously,\s\do8(various))oldinstrumentsthatfamouspilotsandastronautsusedareondisplay.Inaddition,Ieq\o(see,\s\do8(saw))copiesofsomesatellitesandaircraft.Moreinterestingly,Itriedoperatingonsomeaircraftbymyself.Duringthevisit,Itooklotsofpicturesaswell.Thisbriefvisithelpedeq\o(myself,\s\do8(me))learnmuchaboutthehistoryofhumanspaceexploration.Itmadememoreeq\o(interesting,\s\do8(interested))inscienceandtechnology.解析：1．考查非谓语动词。根据该句中的介词after可知，该处作介词after的宾语。故用动名词形式。2．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为包含非限制性定语从句的复合句，句中theNationalAirandSpaceMuseumoftheSmithsonianInstitution为先行词，关系词指代先行词且在从句中作主语。故用which引导该定语从句。3．考查冠词。area是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故用不定冠词an。4．考查介词。bemadeupof为固定搭配，意为“由……组成；由……构成”。此处表示：这个博物馆面积达18000平方米，由24个展厅构成。5．考查名词的数。spaceship为可数名词，根据该句中的Allkindsof可知，该处应用其复数形式。6．考查形容词。该词修饰名词instruments，表示“各种各样的老式仪器”。故用形容词形式。7．考查动词的时态。根据本文首句中的Lastweekend可知，本文叙述的是过去发生的事情，故用一般过去时。故将see改为saw。8．考查介词。operate为及物动词，在该处意为“操作”，后面直接跟宾语，故删除介词on。此处表示：更有趣的是，我亲自尝试操作了一些飞行器。9．考查代词。此处表示：此次短暂的参观帮助我了解了很多人类太空探索的历史。此处作help的宾语，故用me。10．考查形容词。此处表示：这让我对科学技术更感兴趣。由该句中的me可知，该处修饰人，表示“感兴趣的”。故用形容词interested。必修五Unit3LifeinthefutureⅠ.完形填空(2023·赣州市十四县市联考)Iamasocialworker.Iwantedtotelleveryoneaboutmyverydearfriendwhopassedawayafewmonthsago.Imethimmanyyearsagowhiledoingmyinternship(实习期)inthecountryprison.Hewas1.Caprogramhehaddesignedtohelpprisonerswithdrugandalcoholproblems.Hewasalways2.Bnewwaystobringhopeandhelptothesemenandtheir3.B.Oneofhisfavorite4.AwastheToyDrive.HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.Hedidthisfortwentyyears5.Dhissuddendeath.AslastChristmas6.C，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7.C，forthechildrenaswellasthe8.Dofmyfriend.Butthefilewherehekeptthenamesofthepeoplewhohadbeenhelpedbyhimovertheyearswas9.D.Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.A!Istartedmakingphonecalls,explainingabouttheprojectandmy11.A.Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould,12.C，beworthyofmyfriend.Tomygreat13.C，individuals,churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboardand,14.A，Ihadenoughtoystogivetoallthechildrenoftheprisonerswithsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity15.B！WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived,Ifeltveryhappy,thinkingIhaddoneallIcoulddoandreflectingonwhata(n)16.Aithadbeenforme.Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys17.Biftherewasanyoneleftwhomightlikethem.Thenmyphonerang.Itwasmydaughter.She18.DtoexplainaboutawomansheknewinKentuckywhohadfivechildren,oneseriouslyill,nohusband,noheatinginthehome,notoys!Oh!Whatcouldwedo?MydaughterandIdroveallnight,fromNewYorktoKentucky,andthosechildrenwokeupinanicewarmhousewithplentyof19.C！Myfriend's20.Aofkindnesslivedonthatyear,reachingthewaytoKentucky!文章大意：本文主要讲述了作者多年前在实习期间被朋友帮助他人的精神所感动，而在朋友逝世后继续朋友的活动以使朋友的精神得以延续的感人故事。1．A.recording B．attendingC．directing D．improving解析：根据下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”，并与空后的“program”呼应可推知，作者的朋友当时负责这样的一个项目。record“记录；记载”；attend“参加；出席；到场”；improve“提升”；direct“负责；管理”。2．A.puttingupwith B．comingupwithC．keepingupwith D．catchingupwith解析：根据语境可知，此处表示想出办法。putupwith“忍受”；comeupwith“想出”；keepupwith“跟上”；catchupwith“赶上”。3．A.group B．familyC．company D．club解析：根据下文的“HewouldruneveryChristmasforthechildrenoftheprisoners.”可推知，作者的朋友不仅帮助那些服刑的人，而且还帮助他们的家人。4．A.events B．sportsC．hobbies D．games解析：根据下文的“Istartedmakingphonecalls，explainingabouttheproject”可推知，此处作者介绍了朋友最喜欢做的活动项目，与下文的“Iprayedeverynightthattheeventwould，12，beworthyofmyfriend”呼应。event“事件；活动”。5．A.after B．sinceC．because D．until解析：根据语境可推知，作者的朋友坚持了20年，一直做这样的活动，直到最后自己突然离世。6．A.arrived B．followedC．approached D．finished解析：根据语境可知，朋友去世后，在上一个圣诞节来临之际，作者准备把这个圣诞传统继续下去，且与下文的“WhenChristmasEvefinallyarrived”呼应。approach“临近”。7．A.carriedout B．livedonC．carriedon D．livedout解析：参见上题解析。carryout“实行”；liveon“以……为生”；carryon“继续”；liveout“不住在工作场所；实现某事(指曾计划或期望的事)”。8．A.benefit B．memoryC．pleasure D．favor解析：上一个圣诞节来临之际，为了孩子们，也为了朋友的善意行为，作者决定延续这一传统。benefit“好处；益处”；memory“记忆”；pleasure“乐趣”；favor“善意的行为”。9．A.active B．extraC．hiding D．missing解析：根据下文的“Ihadtostartanew(重新)andwithverylittle10.”可推知，之前朋友所帮助过的人的信息都丢失了，作者不得不重新获取。extra“额外的；另外的”；missing“找不到的；丢失的”。10．A.time B．pressureC．energy D．confidence解析：根据上文的“AslastChristmas6，Idecidedthatthistraditionhadtobe7，forthechildrenaswellasthe8ofmyfriend.”可知，圣诞节马上来临了，作者找到朋友帮助过的人的信息的时间并不多。pressure“压力”；energy“能量”；confidence“信心”。11．A.difficulties B．impressionC．importance D．atmosphere解析：在时间紧、文件丢失的情况下，作者要继续朋友生前的活动是困难的。impression“印象”；atmosphere“气氛”。12．A.otherwise B．howeverC．somehow D．though解析：根据语境可推知，作者每晚祈祷，这样的活动能以某种方式配得上朋友。otherwise“否则；要不然”；somehow“以某种方式”。13．A.curiosity B．disappointmentC．relief D．thought解析：根据下文的“individuals，churchesandbusinessesbegantocomeonboard”可推知，大家都来帮忙，因此作者很宽慰。curiosity“好奇心”；disappointment“失望”；relief“宽慰”。14．A.eventually B．occasionallyC．absolutely D．generally解析：根据下文的“Ihadenoughtoys”可推知，作者在大家的帮助下，最终收集到了活动所需要的足够多的玩具。eventually“最终”；occasionally“偶尔；偶然；间或”；absolutely“完全地；绝对地”；generally“总体上来说；大致”。15．A.inparticular B．aswellC．oncemore D．atfirst解析：根据上文的“withsomeleftoverforthelocalcommunity”可推知，作者收集到的玩具不仅够活动本身用，还有剩余。inparticular“尤其；特别”；aswell“也”；oncemore“再一次”；atfirst“开始”。16．A.honor B．pityC．burden D．discovery解析：根据上文的“Ifeltveryhappy”可推知，作者成功地举办了圣诞节活动，感觉能够为逝去的朋友做些值得的事是很大的荣幸。honor“荣誉；荣幸”；pity“可惜”；burden“负担”；discovery“发现”。17．A.predicting B．wonderingC．evaluating D．realizing解析：根据上文的“Iwasbagginguptheremainingtoys”，并与本句中的if条件句呼应可推知，作者想知道是否有人喜欢剩余的玩具。predict“预计”；wonder“想知道”；evaluate“评估”；realize“实现；意识到”。18．A.drove B．cameC．returned D．called解析：根据上文的“Thenmyphonerang.”和“Itwasmydaughter.”可知，是作者的女儿打来了电话。19．A.chocolates B．candiesC．toys D．flowers解析：根据语境可推知，作者和女儿一路驱车去很远的地方给孩子们送圣诞节玩具。20．A.spirit B．positionC．courage D．attention解析：根据上文可知，作者的朋友已经逝世，作者通过把其生前的活动继续下去，让这种仁慈的精神继续存活。spirit“精神”。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2023·广州市毕业班质检二)Specialboxeslieatthebottomofmylockedfilingcabinet.Depositedthereareimportantlettersandcardscollectedthroughoutmylife,frommygrandparents,schoolfriends,parents,wifeandson.Sincetheinventionofe-mailthough,they'vebeenfewandfarbetween.TonightisNewYear'sEve2029andthere'saveryspecialboxoflettersIwanttolookat.Butfirstthere'ssomethingIhavetodo—TheRitual(惯例)．Igotomytrustedcomputerandstart.Ibegintotype:Dear—Ileavethenameblankfornow,anticipatingthethrilloftypingitin.“IhopeyouarewellandIwonderwhatyourlifeislike.AreyoustillplanningtomovetothatvillainPortugal?DidyoursonmarryFiona?Isyourmotherstillalive?”Questionssurgeintomymind.ForthenexttwohoursIsitwriting—aboutwhatI'vebeendoingforthelastyear,myfailinghealth,myincreasingwealthandmysometimedifficultmarriage;thenaboutmygoalsandambitions.Willhebeinterested?DoIclimbMt.Kilimanjaro?DoIgetthatnovelpublished?Theonethat'sbeenrejectedmoretimesthanIcaretothinkabout.Finally,it'sfinishedat11：30pm.Ifillintherecipient'sname,printmyletter,signandaddressitandthensealitupwithtape.Ithendeletethedocumentandemptythetrashfolder—toavoidthepossibilityoftemptation.Thatcompletestheritual!Iwalkovertomy“specialbox”.Itcontainstenlong,white,thickenvelopes,allwiththesamehandwriting.IplacetheoneIhavejustwritteninatthebackandtaketheoneoutatthefront.It'sdated2019,andlabelled“tobeopenedon31stDecember,2029”．Thecycleisfinallycomplete!Iopenit,tremblingwithanticipation.Ibegintoread,tearingupalittleasIdoso.Throughoutthelasttenlong,eventfulyears,oflife,death,joyandheartbreak,ithasbeenwaitingpatientlyinthisboxforme,thoughInowhavenomemoryofeverhavingwrittenit.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。在2029年的除夕，在阅读自己2019年写给自己的信之前，“我”必须给未来的自己再写一封信。在信中，“我”写到了健康、财富、婚姻等，写完后，“我”阅读了2019年写给自己的信……1．Whydoestheauthorreceivefewer“importantletters”thesedays？DA．Hehasmovedfromhisoriginaladdress.B．Heisrarelyincontactwithhisfriendsandfamily.C．Peoplecommunicatewitheachotherlessoftenthanbefore.D．Electroniccommunicationhaslargelyreplacedphysicalletters.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“Sincetheinventionofe-mailthough，they'vebeenfewandfarbetween.”可知，由于电子邮件的发明，作者收到的信件少了。故D项正确。2．Whodoestheunderlinedword“he”inparagraph4referto？AA．Theauthorhimself.B．Theauthor'sson.C．Theauthor'sschoolfriend.D．Theauthor'sbookpublisher.解析：代词指代题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“thoughInowhavenomemoryofeverhavingwrittenit”可推知，作者是在给未来的自己写信，该句中的he指作者自己。故A项正确。3．Whydoestheauthordeletethecompletedletterfromhiscomputer？BA．Sothatnooneelsewillbeabletoreadit.B．Sothathewon'treaditaheadofschedule.C．Becausehedecidesatlastnottosendit.D．Becausehewantstoforgetwhathashappened.解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第三句“Ithendeletethedocumentandemptythetrashfolder—toavoidthepossibilityoftemptation.”，可知，作者删除了文件并清空了垃圾文件夹以避免可能的诱惑；结合下文中作者阅读2019年写给自己的信可以推断，作者删除文件是为了防止自己禁不住诱惑提前阅读信件。故B项正确。4．Howdoestheauthorfeelasheisabouttoopenhisspecialletter？CA．Relieved. B．Moved.C．Excited. D．Afraid.解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“Iopenit，tremblingwithanticipation.”可知，作者在打开信时，因为期待而颤抖。由此可推知，作者在打开信时内心很激动。故C项正确。Ⅲ.阅读七选五(2023·云南省曲靖市第一中学质监)HowtoShineataJobInterviewThesmartjobseekerneedstogetridofseveralstandardmythsaboutinterviewingbeforestartingtolookforajob.1.GMyth1:Theaimofaninterviewistoobtainthejoboffer.Onlyhalftrue.Theonlyaimofaninterviewistoobtainthejobyouwant.2.EUnfitjobseekers,however,becomesousedtomeetingemployers'expectationthattheyofteneasilyacceptjobsthattheydon'twant.Sobeforeyouworkforanemployer,besureyouwantthejob.Myth2:Trytocontroltheinterview.Nobody“control”aninterview—neitheryounortheinterviewer—althoughoneorbothpartiesoftentry.Thenitbecomesafakeexchangebetweentwohumanbeings;nobusinessdealislikelytobemade.Remember,youcan'tcontrolwhatemployersthinkofyou,justastheycan'tcontrolwhatyouthinkofthem?Sohangloosewheninterviewing:3.DMyth3:4.AStudytheeffectiveconversationalists:Theyinterruptandwereinterrupted.Anexcitingconversationalwaysmakesusfeelfree—freetointerrupt,freetodisagree,toagreeenthusiastically.Wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewhoallowustobenatural.Employerswilleitherlikeordislikeyou,butatleastyouwillhavemadeanimpression.Andthewaytomakeaneffectiveimpressionistofeelfreetobeyourself,whichfreesyourinterviewerstobethemselves.Myth4：Alwaysbewellgroomedanddressyourselffashionably.Onlyhalftrue.5.BHowever,someinterviewersmightnotappreciatethewayyou“decorate”yourselfor,possibly,thepositionsyouareapplyingforwouldrequiremorereservedpersonalities,which,tosomeinterviewers,canberevealedfromyourappearance.Therefore,themorecautioussolutionwouldbetokeeptothehappymedium—neitherappeartoo“modern”nortoo“conservative”．A．Neverinterrupttheinterviewer.B．Itisgoodtoappearclearandneatorwell-groomedwhenyougotoaninterview.C．Thus,thejobseekerfindsanidealjob.D．Neverdominatetheinterview.E．Thatoftenmeansrejectingthejoboffersyoudon'twant.F．Youareexpectedtorespecteachother.G．Herearesomeuntruthsandtipstohelpyoudoyourbestatyourinterview.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了如何在工作面试时脱颖而出。解析：1．考查主题句。由下文可归纳出人们找工作面试时存在的错误观念及作者给人们的建议。并且G选项中的untruths与上下文的myths为同义复现。故选G。2．考查细节阐述。选项E是对你面试的唯一目的做进一步的阐述。即你要找到你真正想要的工作，你就可以拒绝你不喜欢的工作。并且，选项E中的that就是指代你面试的唯一目的就是要找到你真正想要的工作这件事。故选E。3．考查细节阐述。本段的主旨是不要控制面试。选项D(千万不要控制面试。)既是对主题的呼应，又是对“Sohangloosewheninterviewing...”的阐述。故选D。4．考查小标题。此处需要一个错误观念；方法是由正确观念推出错误观念。从下文，尤其是第一、二句“Studytheeffectiveconversationalists：Theyinterruptandwereinterrupted.”可知有效的交谈者的正确的做法是自由的，他们会打断别人的话，也不介意被别人打断。由此正确的观念可知，错误的观念是从不打断面试者。故选A。5．考查转折关系。从“However”可知，此处和后面有转折关系。梳妆打扮得清爽整洁固然好，但是，面试者可能不欣赏你浓妆艳抹，油头粉面，穿着时尚。故选B。Ⅳ.语法填空(2021·河南省九师联盟质检)TheconstructionofpocketorminiparkshasgivenBeijingmoregreeneryaswellasaplacein1.whichpeoplecancomeoutforfreshair,socializingandotheractivities.Inthecentralcommercialandoldareasinthecapital,wherethereisahighdensity(密度)ofbuildingsaswellaspeople,itisan2.challenging(challenge)jobtocreatenewparks.Anadvantageofminiparksisthattheyare“flexible”.Theycanbeindifferentshapesaccordingtotheirlocation(位置)，providing3.various(variety)services.Theseparkscontributetoamuch4.better(good)environment.Miniparksdotheworkofurbanparksforthosewholivefarawayfrom5.thelatter.Peoplecan6.easily(easy)walkovertominiparksbuiltontheirstreetsorintheirneighborhood,wheretheycanexerciseandenjoythescenery.Also,withtheminiparks,peoplecanbemorethan7.visitors(visitor).Theycanparticipateintheconstructionandmanagement.Recently,peopleinSanmiaoCommunityinwestBeijing,forexample,areplanningasmallgarden8.ontheirown.Shortlyafterthecommunitydecided9.toturn(turn)anabandonedareaintoagardenpark,they10.called(call)ameetingtodiscusspeople'srequirements.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。微型公园的建设给北京提供了更多的青枝绿叶以及居民能够出来呼吸新鲜空气、参与社交和其他活动的空间。解析：1．考查定语从句。分析该句成分可知，该句是一个“介词＋关系代词”构成的定语从句，从句的先行词为place，故用关系代词which。2．考查非谓语动词。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处修饰名词job，故用所给词的现在分词形式challenging作定语。3．考查形容词。分析该句成分可知，所填词在此处修饰名词services，作定语，故用所给词的形容词形式various。4．考查形容词比较级。根据该空前面的much可知，该空需要用所给词的比较级形式better。5．考查冠词。thelatter意为“后者”，为固定搭配。6．考查副词。分析该句成分可知，所填词修饰动词walk，故用所给词的副词形式easily。7．考查名词复数。vi