2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案1必修1Unit1Friendship练习含解析新人教

2024届高考英语一轮总复习练案1必修1Unit1Friendship练习含解析新人教必修一Unit1FriendshipⅠ.阅读理解A(2020·河南省洛阳市尖子生第一次联考)Iwasanewcomerinaclass.SowasAlice.That'swherethesimilaritiesended.Iwastallandshewassmall.Mythick,blackhairhadbeenrecentlycutshort.Hernaturalblondehairflowedtoherwaistandlookedgreat.Iwasawkwardandshy.Shewasn't.Icouldn'tstandher.Iconsideredhermyenemy.Shelikedme.Shewantedtobemyfriend.Oneday,sheinvitedmeoverandIsaidyes—Iwastooshockedtoansweranyotherway.Noonehadinvitedmeovertoplay.Butthisgirlwhoworethelatestfashionswantedmetogohomewithherafterschool.Igotverysurprisedwhensheledmeintoanapartmentbuilding.Shelivedonthefourthfloorinathree-roomplacewithhermother,herstepfather,hertwobrothersandhersister.Whenwegottotheroomshesharedwithhersister,shetookoutabigcaseofBarbies,whichwasmynextsurprise.Iwouldhavethoughtshe'doutgrownthem.Ihadneverplayedwiththem.Butwesatonthefloorofawalk-incloset,laughingaswemadeupcrazystoriesabouttheBarbies.That'swhenwefoundoutthatwebothwantedtobewriterswhenwewereolderandwebothhadwildimaginations.Wehadagreatdaythatafternoon.Ourjawsachedfromsmilingsomuch.Sheshowedmeherwardrobe,whichhadmostlycomefromaclothingstoredowntheblock.Thewomanwhoowneditusedherasamodelsometimesforhernewspaperadsandgaveherclothesinexchange.Alicehadthewholeneighborhoodcharmed.Thebookstoreownerslentherfashionmagazines,themovietheatergaveherfreepassesandthepizzaplaceletherhavefreeslices.SoonIwasincludedinhermagicworld.Wesleptoverateachother'shouses,andspenteveryfreemomenttogether.MydarkhairgrewoutandIlearnedtolovebeingtall.Alice,myfirstrealfriendsincechildhood,taughtmeanamazingandverysurprisingthingaboutmakingfriendsthatyourworstenemycanturnouttobeyourbestfriend.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己小时候与爱丽丝交朋友的经历。原本作者认为自己与爱丽丝有很多不同之处，视爱丽丝为敌人，而爱丽丝却喜欢作者，并邀请作者去她家里。之后，作者更加了解爱丽丝，发现了两人之间更多的相似之处。最后她们成了好朋友。1.Whatmadethesimilaritiesend？CA．Leavingtheauthor'soldschool.B．Beingadmittedtotheirnewclasses.C．Theirdifferencesinappearanceandpersonalities.D．Theirdifferentdemandsoffriendshipandfashion.解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的内容可知，两个人不同的外表和性格使得她们的相似之处结束了。故选C。2．WhatdidtheauthorthinkoftheBarbies？AA．Alicewastoomatureforthem.B．Alicemusthavemadethembyherself.C．Theyshouldhavebeenkeptwell.D．Theybroughtherbacktoherchildhood.解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“shetookoutabigcaseofBarbies，whichwasmynextsurprise.Iwouldhavethoughtshe’doutgrownthem.”可知，作者认为爱丽丝已经长大了，不适合再玩芭比娃娃。outgrow意为“因长大而不适用……”。故选A。3.WecaninferfromthepassagethatAliceB.A．helpedtheauthorseeherownstrengthsB．wasgoodwiththepeoplearoundherC．helpedtobringoutthebestintheauthorD．inspiredtheauthor’sloveforfashion解析：推理判断题。根据第三段第二句“Thebookstoreownerslenther...freeslices.”可知，书店老板借给爱丽丝时尚杂志，电影院给她免费的入场券，比萨店让她品尝免费的比萨块，由此可推知，爱丽丝善于与周围的人打交道。故选B。4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAliceasafriend？DA．Humorous. B．Ambitious.C．Caring. D．Friendly.解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，原本在作者眼中爱丽丝是她的敌人，但是爱丽丝却想和作者成为朋友；她邀请作者去她家里玩，最后她们成为好朋友；而且爱丽丝与她自己周围的人都建立了很好的关系，由此可推知，爱丽丝是友好的。故选D。B(2021·天津市北辰区联考)TheGovernor'sSchoolisdescribedasauniqueopportunityforhighschoolstudentstoinvolvethemselvesinmath,science,andtechnology.WhenIsignedupforcomputerprogramming,Iexpectedtolearnaboutcoding(编程).However,whatIdidn'texpectwasthatIwouldalsolearnhowtobuildstrongfriendships.JustbeforeIwentthere,Ididn'tknowwhattoexpectintheschool,feelingquiteataloss.Asenseofuncertaintyaboutmyfuturewasfloodingoverme.Onthefirstday,thestudentsawkwardlymovedaroundattheopeningceremonies.Althoughitisembarrassingtoadmit,Ihadn'tbeenabletosucceedinmyfriendshipinthepastbecauseIwastoofocusedonmyself.Thistime,Igotridofthedesiretosharepersonalstoriesandinsteadwaseagertoaskothersaboutthemselves.Aftersunsetonthesecondnight,Iheardthreegirlstryingtorecallthescheduleforanupcomingmuseumtrip.Aftereffectivecommunication,IknewtheywereBree,MeganandAvery.BreeandAverywereinenvironmentalscience,andMeganwasstudyingmathematics.Wehadalotincommonamongusfour,suchasourloveformovies,whichstrengthenedourfriendships.Meanwhile,wewereabletointroduceeachothertonewactivities.Breeintroducedustoanime(日本动漫).Enthusiastically,Meganencouragedustoplaytennis.AveryandIkepttheothertwomotivatedtoworkoutatthegym.Thefactthatnoneofuswasparticularlyskilledwithequipmentresultedinsharedlaughteralmosteveryday.Afterfourweeks,Ileftwiththeabilitytosuccessfullycodeaneducationalcomputergame.Moreimportantly,Ialsoleftwithknowledgeaboutthecodeoffriendship—thefactthatIcouldmakemorefriendsinamonthbyshowinginterestinthemthanIcouldinayearbytryingtoattractothers'interestinme.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在介绍自己在Governor学校的经历。通过作者的亲身经历告诉我们“友谊的成功密码是对他人表现出兴趣。”5．TheauthorwenttotheGovernor'sSchooltooriginallylearnhowtoA.A．codecomputerprogramsB．makefriendswithothersC．developherpersonalhobbyandinterestD．shareherpersonalstorieswithothers解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中“WhenIsignedupforcomputerprogramming,Iexpectedtolearnaboutcoding(编程)”．“当我报名学习计算机编程时，我希望学习编程。”可知，作者最初到theGovernor学校学习如何编写计算机程序。故选A。6．TheauthorhadfailedinherfriendshipmainlybecauseB.A．shewasembarrassedtostaywithherfriendsB．shecaredlittleaboutothersC．shelongedtoknowaboutothersD．shefocusedherattentiononherstudy解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“Althoughitisembarrassingtoadmit,Ihadn'tbeenabletosucceedinmyfriendshipinthepastbecauseIwastoofocusedonmyself.”虽然承认这很尴尬，但我在过去的友谊中没能成功，因为我太专注于自己。可知，作者的友谊失败主要是因为她不关心别人。故选B。7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage？BA．Averystudiedmathematicsintheschool.B．Thefourgirlshadawonderfultimeatschool.C．Thoughthefourgirlshadnothingincommon,theybecamegoodfriends.D．BeforegoingtotheGovernor'sSchool,theauthorhadthebasicknowledgeaboutcomputers.解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“Thefactthatnoneofuswasparticularlyskilledwithequipmentresultedinsharedlaughteralmosteveryday.”事实上，我们中没有一个人对设备特别熟练，这导致我们几乎每天都在一起大笑。可知，四个女孩在学校玩得很开心。故选B。8．Accordingtotheauthor,thesuccesscodeoffriendshipisD.A．gettingotherstobeinterestedinherB．addingmorelaughtertoothers'lifeC．keepingothersmotivatedbystoriesD．becomingmoreinterestedinothers解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Moreimportantly,Ialsoleftwithknowledgeaboutthecodeoffriendship—thefactthatIcouldmakemorefriendsinamonthbyshowinginterestinthemthanIcouldinayearbytryingtoattractothers'interestinme.”更重要的是，我也带走了关于友谊密码的知识—事实是，我可以通过对他们表现出兴趣而在一个月内交到更多的朋友，而不是通过吸引别人对我感兴趣而在一年内交到更多的朋友。可知，根据作者的观点，友谊的成功密码是对他人表现出兴趣。故选D。Ⅱ.阅读七选五(2021·成都市高中毕业班摸底)Travelingalonegivesyouthefreedomtocreateyourownscheduleanddoasyouplease.1.DForexample,atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst-handexperiencewithunfamiliarlocationsandcultures.Hereareseveraltipstofindatravelpartnerwhowillimproveyourjourney.2.ATravelingshouldbefun.Whenyouareonatrip,youwillwanttodolotsofactivitiesthatyouenjoy.Preferably,yourcompanionwillwanttodothesamethingsasyou.Discussfinancialplans.Beforeyoutravel,youshouldplanabudget.3.EYoudon'twanttobeplanninganexpensivegetawayatthesametimeyourfriendislookingforbudgettravel.Haveanhonestconversation.Ifyouarethinkingabouttravelingwithacompanion,takesometimetohaveanopendiscussion.Scheduleatimetositdownandtalk.Trysaying，“Iknowwe'vetalkedabouttheideaoftravelingthroughEuropetogether.Let'shaveacoffeethisweekandactuallytalkthatthrough.”4.BYoushouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.Findsomeonewhoisflexible.Chooseatravelpartnerwhocanadjust.5.GMaybeitwillrainonthedayyouplannedtovisittheGrandCanyon.OryoumightnotbeabletogetreservationsatthatFrenchrestaurantyou'vebeendyingtotry.A．Lookforsomeonewithcommoninterests.B．Youshoulddiscussyourgoalsforthetrip.C．Travelwithafriendwhoisprettyeasygoing.D．Buttravelingwithapartnerhasitsbenefits,too.E．Makesurethatyouareonthesamepageconcerningmoney.F．Trytomeetyournewtravelpartnerinpersonbeforeyourtrip.G．Nomatterhowcarefullyyouplanyourtrip,itislikelythatsomethingwillgowrong.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如何找到一个很好的旅伴。解析：1．根据空后句子“Forexample，atravelpartnercanprovidepracticalsupportandshareintherewardsoffirst-handexperience”可知，空处谈论的是和旅伴一起旅行有关的，而空前讲述的是独自旅行，上下文之间存在转折关系。所以D选项正确。2．根据空处所在位置可知，此处为段落主题句。根据本段最后一句可知，最好和你的旅伴有共同的兴趣。所以A选项正确。3．根据本段中的关键词“financialplans”“planabudget”和“budgettravel”可知，选项E中的“onthesamepageconcerningmoney”与此内容相呼应。所以选E。4．根据本段主题句“进行诚实的谈话”。可知，此段的核心话题是“谈话”；又根据空后的“Youshouldalsotalkaboutyourtravelstyle.”可知，你还需要和你的旅伴讨论你们的旅行方式。选项B中的关键词“discussyourgoals”与此呼应。所以选B。5．本段主题句是“找到一个头脑灵活的旅伴。”。根据空后的例子可知，在旅行中会突然出现意想不到的事情。G选项中的“carefullyyouplanyourtrip”和“gowrong”与此照应。所以选G。Ⅲ.语法填空(2021·山东省泰安市高三期末)Lookattheroundcakes.TheyaremadebySiewBoon.Sheisajellyartist1.who/thatrunsherownbusiness.Shehascreatedbeautiful3Djellycakesby2.using(use)seaweedjellyandnaturalcoloring.SiewBoon3.began(begin)herbusinessmorethantwoyearsago.Inlate2017,unfortunately,doctorsfoundacanceronherbreast.However,shewasdeterminednottoletcancergetinthewayofherdoing4.whatsheloved.Onthedayswhenshewasfeeling5.better(well),shespenttimecreating3Djellycakesforherteamofdoctorsandcarers.Duringherfightwithbreastcancer,focusingoncreatingbeautiful3Djellycakeshelpedtoturnherfocusaway6.fromthephysicalpainandnegativethoughts.Movingforward，shehopestofind7.ways(way)tomakeitameaningfulcareer.Everypieceiscreatedupsidedownandtakesupto4hourstocomplete.Theflowersaremadewithspecialtools.Ittakesalotofcreativityand8.patience(patient)tocreateeverypiece.Asidefrombeingbeautiful,thecakesarespecialintaste.Theyhavea9.variety(vary)ofuniquetastes，suchasflavorsofapples，lemons,peachesandroses.SiewBoonthinksthemost10.satisfying/satisfactory(satisfy)partofherjobistobeabletobringjoytoothers.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了罹患癌症的SiewBoon成功创作3D果冻蛋糕的故事。解析：1．考查定语从句。从句中缺少主语，先行词是artist，所以填关系代词who/that。2．考查非动词的时态。介词by后接动词的-ing形式。3．考查动词的时态。由时间状语morethantwoyearsago可知，填一般过去时态。4．考查宾语从句。从句中loved缺少宾语，所以填起双重作用的what。5．考查比较级。前面生病，此处指她感到比生病时好受时，所以填比较级形式。6．考查介词。turn...awayfrom...“把……从……转走”。7．考查名词的数。由句意知，此处用复数形式。8．考查名词。此处与前面的creativity词性一致，所以填名词形式。9．考查名词。avarietyof“各种各样的”。10．考查形容词。此处修饰后面的名词，所以填形容词形式。Ⅳ.短文改错(2021·南昌市高三摸底)LastSunday,whenIwalkthedog,Inoticedaposteraboutthevolunteerworks.ItinterestedmesuchmuchthatIsharedthenewswithmyfamilyexcited.Afteraheateddiscussion,weagreedontrashpickingandthentheymadesometrashbasketsoutofbamboo.Carriedthosebaskets,wewentdownstairsbutjoinedthecleanersinpickingupthetrash.Tiredaswewere,wefeltsatisfyingasourcommunitylookedcleanandtidy.Thisexperienceofferedmesenseofachievement,whichcouldtobenefitmeforalifetime.答案：LastSunday,whenIeq\o(walk,\s\do8(walked))thedog,Inoticedaposteraboutthevolunteereq\o(works,\s\do8(work)).Itinterestedmeeq\o(such,\s\do8(so))muchthatIsharedthenewswithmyfamilyeq\o(excited,\s\do8(excitedly)).Afteraheateddiscussion,weagreedontrashpickingandtheneq\o(they,\s\do8(we/I))madesometrashbasketsoutofbamboo.eq\o(Carried,\s\do8(Carrying))thosebaskets,wewentdownstairseq\o(but,\s\do8(and))joinedthecleanersinpickingupthetrash.Tiredaswewere,wefelteq\o(satisfying,\s\do8(satisfied))asourcommunitylookedcleanandtidy.Thisexperienceofferedmeeq\o(∧,\s\do8(a))senseofachievement,whichcouldtobenefitmeforalifetime.解析：1．动词时态误用。根据时间状语LastSunday可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时。2．名词形式误用。work作“工作”讲时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。3．固定搭配误用。so...that...和such...that...都是固定搭配，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，其中so修饰形容词或副词，故此处用so修饰副词much。4．形容词和副词混用。修饰动词应用副词，此处修饰动词shared，故将excited改为excitedly。5．代词误用。与句子主语we呼应，并结合语境可知，此处表示我们/我用竹子做了一些垃圾筐，故用代词we/I作并列分句的主语。6．非谓语动词误用。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，和句子主语we构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词形式。7．连词误用。根据语境可知，“下楼”和“加入清洁工”为顺承关系，而非转折关系，故应用and。8．形容词误用。此处修饰人，应用satisfied“满意的，满足的”。satisfying“令人满意(或满足)的”修饰物。9．冠词漏用。根据句意可知，此处表示“这次经历给了我一种成就感”，应用asenseof...搭配，故在sense前加a。10．不定式符号to多用。情态动词后跟动词原形，故将不定式符号to删除。必修一Unit2EnglisharoundtheworldⅠ.完形填空(2021·郑州市质检)Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebylearningitinhighschool.Iwenttouniversityandthenmovedacrossthecountrytoseeka1.Ajobforahighsalary,marriedandraisedchildren.Imadeaneffortto2.CthelittlebitofFrenchIlearnedinschool,buteventuallyIrealizedthatthiswasreally3.B.Iwasquiteawarethatnewlanguagesarebestlearnedwhenyoung,andthatourabilitiesinthatregarddeclinewith4.D.However,justbeforemy50thbirthday,I5.CFrenchclasses.AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto,Iwasplacedatalmosttheintroductory6.A.WhenIlookedaroundatmyfirstclass,Iwas7.BthatmanyofthestudentswerelearningFrenchasathird，fourthorevenfifthlanguage.Contrarytomy8.Cthatlearninganewlanguagewasimpossiblydifficult,therewerepeoplewholearnednewlanguagesasamatterofcourse.WhileIhadalwaysthoughtofmyselfasa9.Dlearner，thatwasnolongerthecase.I10.Anewvocabularyratherslowly.WhatIlearnedoneweekseemedto11.CassoonasIlearnedthenextskill.Ihadtolookupthe12.Bwordsandlanguagestructuresoverandover.Now,afterseveralyearsoflearning,IcanlistentothenewsinFrenchand13.A90%ofitonthefirsttry,readanovelifthelanguageisn'ttoo14.Canddowellinaconversationifitdoesn'tgotoofast.I'velearnedsomuchbeyondgrammarandvocabulary.I'vemetpeoplefromaroundtheworldandallwalksoflifewhohavethe15.Ctomakefoolsofthemselvesinordertolearnsomethingnew.I'vebeentaughtby16.Bandinspirationalteachersfrommanycornersoftheworld.Listeningtothenewsasitis17.DtothepeopleofFrance,Ihavearenewedunderstandingofhowsomethingcanlook18.Adifferentfromanotherviewpoint.I'velearnedthatalanguageisnotjustasetofwords,butawayof19.B.Butmostofall,I'velearnedthatitisnevertoo20.Ctolearnsomethingnew.文章大意：作者以前认为学习新语言的最佳时候是年轻的时候，随着年龄的增长，我们的语言学习能力会下降。但是作者在50岁之前却报了法语班去学法语，其当时只有初级水平，但经过几年学习后，作者的法语水平有了很大的提高。从而，作者意识到，学习新事物什么时候都不晚。1．A.demanding B．temporaryC．meaningful D．steady解析：根据该句中的“forahighsalary”和生活常识可推知，作者找的工作应该是要求高的，一般来说做这样的工作才能拿到高工资。demanding“要求高的”。2．A.understand B．reviewC．keep D．master解析：根据该句中的定语从句“Ilearnedinschool”和语境可推知，作者想留住在学校里学的那一点点法语，但是作者最终发现那实际上是徒劳的。3．A.helpful B．pointlessC．worthwhile D．necessary解析：参见上题解析。pointless“无用的”。4．A.health B．concernC．interest D．age解析：根据该句中的“Iwasquiteawarethatnewlanguagesarebestlearnedwhenyoung”可推知，语言学习能力随着年龄的增长而下降。5．A.gotreadyfor B．gotonwithC．signedupfor D．fellinlovewith解析：根据下一句中的“AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto”可推知，作者在50岁前报名参加了法语培训班。signupfor“报名参加”。6．A.level B．positionC．attempt D．test解析：根据该句中的“AfterIwastestedtoseewhichgroupIbelongedto”可知，作者在上课前参加了分班考试，被分到了几乎是初级水平的班。7．A.disappointed B．amazedC．annoyed D．excited解析：根据该句中的“manyofthestudentswerelearningFrenchasathird,fourthorevenfifthlanguage”和语境可推知，作者很吃惊班里许多学生把法语作为第三、第四甚至第五语言来学习。8．A.agreement B．researchC．assumption D．conclusion解析：根据第一段“Veryfewofusbecomefluentinanotherlanguagebylearningitinhighschool”和对第二段的整体理解可推知，作者之前认为学习一门新语言会困难得不可思议。assumption“假定，假设”。9．A.clumsy B．confidentC．serious D．quick解析：根据该句中的“thatwasnolongerthecase”和下一句“I10newvocabularyratherslowly”可推知，作者之前一直认为自己是学得快的人。quick“敏捷的，迅速的”。10．A.absorbed B．consultedC．created D．recognized解析：根据上一句中的“learner”可推知，作者学新词汇学得相当慢。absorb“吸收”。11．A.godown B．payoffC．slipaway D．buildup解析：根据空后一句可推知，作者学了一个星期的东西很快就忘了。slipaway“消失”符合语境。12．A.key B．sameC．fresh D．complex解析：根据该句中的“overandover”，可推知，同样的单词和语言结构作者要反复查看才行。13．A.catch B．reciteC．guess D．hear解析：根据该句中的“Now，afterseveralyearsoflearning”和语境可推知，作者的法语水平有了很大的提高，可以一遍听懂90%的法语新闻。catch“领会”。14．A.changeable B．internationalC．difficult D．native解析：根据该句中的“dowellinaconversationifitdoesn'tgotoofast”可推知，如果小说不太难的话作者还是能够读懂的。15．A.chance B．trickC．courage D．desire解析：根据该句中的“makefoolsofthemselvesinordertolearnsomethingnew”可推知，为了学习语言而让自己出丑，这需要勇气。16．A.strict B．patientC．polite D．simple解析：根据语境和空后的“inspirational”可知，作者遇到了有耐心(patient)且有感召力的老师。simple“普通的，平凡的，一般的”不符合语境。17．A.announced B．sentC．returned D．presented解析：作者也听给法国人听的新闻。present“展示”符合语境。18．A.completely B．equallyC．roughly D．slightly解析：根据该句中的“fromanotherviewpoint”并结合语境和常识可推知，此处表示“某些事物从另一个角度看是如何完全不同的”。19．A.challenging B．thinkingC．living D．learning解析：根据上一句中的“Ihavearenewedunderstandingofhowsomethingcanlook18differentfromanotherviewpoint”可推知，作者意识到语言也是一种思维方式。20．A.slow B．impossibleC．late D．inconvenient解析：根据上文可知，作者在50岁之前报法语班学习法语，其当时只有初级水平，但经过几年学习后，其法语水平有了很大的提高，由此可推知，作者意识到学习新事物什么时候都不晚。Ⅱ.阅读理解(2020·广州市综合测试)Dependingonwhatlanguageyouspeak,youreyesseecolours—andtheworld—differentlyfromsomeoneelse.Thehumaneyescanphysicallyperceivemillionsofcolours.Butwedon'tallrecognisethesecoloursinthesameway.Somepeoplecan'tseedifferencesincolours—so-calledcolour-blindness—duetoadefectorabsenceofcertaincellsintheireyes.Butthedistributionofthesecellsalsovariesacrosspeoplewith“normalvision”，causingusalltoexperiencethesamecolourinslightlydifferentways.Languageaffectsourcolourperceptiontoo.Differentlanguagesandculturalgroupsalsocategorizecoloursdifferently.SomelanguageslikeDani,spokeninPapuaNewGuinea,andBassa,spokeninLiberia,onlyhavetwoterms,darkandlight.Darkroughlytranslatesascoolcoloursinthoselanguages,andlightaswarmcolours.Socolourslikeblack,blue,andgreenareglossedascoolcolours,whilelightercolourslikewhite,red,orangeandyellowareglossedaswarmcolours.Otherculturalgroupshavenowordfor“colours”atall.Remarkably,mostoftheworld'slanguageshavefivebasiccolourterms.Aswellasdark,light,andred,theselanguagestypicallyhaveatermforyellow,andatermthatreferstobothblueandgreen.Thatis,theselanguagesdonothaveseparatetermsfor“green”and“blue”butuseonetermtodescribebothcolours.Also,Russian,Greek,Turkishandmanyotherlanguageshavetwoseparatetermsforblue—onereferringexclusivelytodarkershades,andonereferringtolightershades.Thewayweperceivecolourscanalsochangeduringourlifetime.Greekspeakers,whohavetwodifferenttermstodescribelightanddarkblue,aremorelikelytoseethesetwocoloursasthesameafterlivingforlongperiodsoftimeintheUK.There,thesetwocoloursaredescribedinEnglishbythesamefundamentalcolourterm—blue.Differentlanguagescaninfluenceourperceptionsinallareasoflife,notonlyincolour.Scientistsarenowinvestigatinghowdifferentlanguageschangethewayweperceiveeverydayobjects.Ultimately,thishappensbecauselearninganewlanguageislikegivingourbraintheabilitytointerprettheworlddifferently.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。不仅色盲或某些细胞的分布差异会影响人们对颜色的认知，语言对颜色的认知也有很大的影响——不同的语言和文化群体对颜色有不同的分类。1．Whatismainlydiscussedinparagraph2？CA.Themedicalcausesofpeople'scolour-blindness.B．Thedifferenttypesofcoloursthatpeoplecansee.C．Thephysicalcausesofvariationinpeople'svision.D．Theculturalreasonsfordifferencesincolourperception.解析：段落大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段主要介绍了色盲或某些细胞的分布差异导致人们对颜色的感知不相同。故C项正确。2．ManylanguagegroupscommonlyusethesamewordtorefertoD.A．yellowandredB．warmcoloursandcoldcoloursC．darkandlightD．blueandgreen解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Remarkably，mostoftheworld'slanguageshavefivebasiccolourterms.Aswellasdark，light，andred，theselanguagestypicallyhaveatermforyellow，andatermthatreferstobothblueandgreen.”可知，世界上大多数语言都有五个基本的颜色术语，它们通常有一个术语同时表示蓝色和绿色。故D项正确。3．WhatdoweknowabouttheRussianlanguage？BA.Itclassifiescoloursaseitherwarmcoloursorcoldcolours.B．Ithasmorethanonewordforthecolourblue.C．Itmainlydescribesobjectsintermsoftheircolours.D．Ithasonlyfivebasictermstodescribecolours.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尾句“Also，Russian，Greek，Turkishandmanyotherlanguageshavetwoseparatetermsforblue—onereferringexclusivelytodarkershades，andonereferringtolightershades.”可知，俄语、希腊语、土耳其语和许多其他语言都有两个不同的术语来形容蓝色——一个专门指深色，另一个指浅色。故B项正确。4．WhydoestheauthormentionGreekspeakerslivingintheUK？AA．Toillustratehowsocialcontextcanaffectoursenses.B．Toprovideanexampleofculturalmiscommunication.C．Tohighlightthevariationinthewordsusedtodescribecolour.D．Todemonstratehowlanguagescancombinetoproducenewwords.解析：推理判断题。第五段介绍了如下现象：说希腊语的人有两个不同的术语来描述浅蓝色和深蓝色，但在英国生活了很长一段时间后，他们更可能认为这两种颜色是一样的。在英语中，这两种颜色用同一个基本颜色术语来描述——蓝色。据此可推知，作者提及在英国生活的希腊人是为了说明“社会环境(语言环境)会影响我们对颜色的感知。”这一观点。故A项正确。Ⅲ.阅读七选五(2021·湖北省荆门市高三联考)CustomsoneithersideoftheAtlanticWeallknowthatBritainandtheUSaretwocountriesconnectedbyacommonlanguage.Butinfact,1.C.AsBBCdidinarecentstorycalled8SituationsWhenBritonsBehaveDifferentlyFromAmericans.BelowTeenshaspickedoutfourforyou.Takealook.Whensomeoneknocksintoyou.IfsomeonebumpsintoanAmerican,thevictimwillmostlikelylooktheaccidentalaggressorinthefaceandexpectanapology.If,however,2.E，chancesarethatthevictimwillsay‘sorry’beforetheothercanmakehisorherownapology.3.A.Britonsdon'tallchangeintoeveningdressforsupperlikewhatyoumayhaveseeninpopularTVshowslikeDowntonAbbey.Buttheydotendtomakeaneffortwhengoingoutfordinnersomewherenice.Americans,however,willprobablywearacasualshirttoafancyeatery.Whenyoudon'tfinishyourfood.Whendiningoutatarestaurant,4.F.Theythinkthefoodissomehow“tainted”oncethey'vepokedatitwithaknifeandfork.IntheUS,wrappingituptotakehomeisastandardpractice.Whenyougetintoataxi.Britonswillgivethecabdriveranaddress,thenassumethat'sitfortheinteractionuntilit'stimetopay.Evenifthey'rebeingtakeninaroundaboutway,5.D.IntheUS,however,mostpassengersthinknothingoftellingthedriverwhatroutetotakeaftertellinghimorherthedestination.A．WhenyougetdressedfordinnerB．WhenyougooutwithyourfriendsC．thedifferencesaremorefuntoobserveD．they'reveryunlikelytosayanythingE．thevictimhappenstobeBritishF．Britonswouldn'tthinktotaketheleftovershomeG．theywillpointitoutimmediatelyandpolitely文章大意：这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了英国和美国的风俗习惯。解析：1．由“WeallknowthatBritainandtheUSaretwocountriesconnectedbyacommonlanguage.Butinfact,1.AsBBCdidinarecentstorycalled8SituationsWhenBritonsBehaveDifferentlyFromAmericans.”可知，众所周知，英国与美国因为使用同一种语言而有诸多相似之处。近日，BBC就刊登了一篇文章，题为“八种情境：英美人的不同表现”。所以该题既要与上文为转折关系，又要承接下文。故C选项“探寻英美文化间的差异更加有趣”切题。故选C项。2．由“chancesarethatthevictimwillsay“sorry”beforetheothercanmakehisorherownapology.”可知，被撞者则很可能会在撞人者开口道歉之前先说“对不起”。所以该题是条件状语从句的从句，说明如果被撞的碰巧是英国人，他们则很可能会在撞人者开口道歉之前先说“对不起”。且话题一致。故E选项“如果被撞的碰巧是英国人”切题。故选E项。3．由“Britonsdon'tallchangeintoeveningdressforsupperlikewhatyoumayhaveseeninpopularTVshowslikeDowntonAbbey.Buttheydotendtomakeaneffortwhengoingoutfordinnersomewherenice.Americans,however,willprobablywearacasualshirttoafancyeatery.”可知，享用晚餐时，英国人虽然不会像热门英剧《唐顿庄园》中那样人人身着晚礼服，但在去高级餐厅就餐时也会在穿着上颇下一番功夫。而美国人则可能穿一件休闲衬衫就出入高级餐馆。所以本段主要在说晚宴穿什么也就是该题本段的标题所要说明的内容。故选A项。4．由“Whendiningoutatarestaurant,4.Theythinkthefoodissomehow‘tainted’oncethey'vepokedatitwithaknifeandfork.”可知，外出就餐时，因为在他们看来食物一旦被刀叉“染指”后便被“玷污”了。所以该题要补充出时间状语从句的主句，也要承接下文。故F选项“英国人不会将剩饭剩菜打包带走”切题。故选F项。5．由“Evenifthey'rebeingtakeninaroundaboutway”可知，甚至在看见司机绕路时。所以该题要补充是让步状语从句的主句，说明甚至在看见司机绕路时，会怎么办。故D选项“他们也会一言不发”切题。故选D项。Ⅳ.语法填空(2020·昆明市“三诊一模”)BecauseofRichardSears'enthusiasmfor1.traditional(tradition)Chineseculture,hebeganlearningChinesein1972.2.Attracted(attract)bytheancientlanguage,SearsoftenwentbackandforthbetweenChinaandAmerica.In1994,afterhisrecoveryfromasevereheartattack,hemadea3.decision(decide)tomaketheancientChinesecharacters,Jiaguwen,availableonline.Fromthenon,SearsstartedprogrammingandbuildingadatabaseofJiaguwen.4.IttookhimsevenyearstoscanthecharactersinChineseancientbooks.In2002,theJiaguwenenthusiast'swebsite5.wascreated(create),thoughwithonlyafewpageviewsperdayinthebeginning.Itroseto600,000perdayin2011afterabloggerrecommendedthesite6.on/by/throughaChinesesocialmediaplatform.“Ibecamefamous7.instantly(instant)andwasgivenanickname‘UncleHanzi’，”Searssaidwithasmile.Uptillnow,thewebsitehasbeencontinuouslyupdated,8.whichgivesloversoftheancientlanguagefromallovertheworldfreeaccesstobrowsing(浏览)intheirfreetime.Atpresent,the70-year-oldAmericanhasmadehishomeinChina.Apartfrom9.taking(take)partinsomesocial10.activities(activity),SearsdevotesallhiseffortstothestudyofChinesecharacters.文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了热爱中国文化的美国人创建甲骨文网站的故事。1．考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词，修饰名词Chineseculture，作定语。所以填traditional。2．考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词，和句子谓语went之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语Sears构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作原因状语。所以填Attracted。3．考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，被冠词a修饰。所以填decision。4．考查代词。Ittakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”。是固定句型。所以填It。5．考查动词时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，又与句子主语theJiaguwenenthusiast'swebsite构成被动关系，故用被动结构，即be＋done，且时间状语是In2002，故用一般过去时的被动语态形式，又主语是第三人称单数。所以填wascreated。6．考查介词。根据语境可知，空处表示“通过”的含义。所以填on/by/through。7．考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为副词形式作状语。所以填instantly。8．考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导一个定语从句，且在从句中作主语，代指前面整个主句。所以填which。9．考查非谓语动词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故空处用动名词形式作介词短语Apartfrom的宾语。所以填taking。10．考查名词单复数形式。activity是可数名词，且与空前的some呼应，故用复数形式。所以填activities。必修一Unit3TraveljournalⅠ.完形填空(2020·广东省七校联合体第一次联考)GöranKroppwasaSwedishadventurerandmountaineer.In1972,attheageofsix,withhisfather'shelp,he1.DGaldhøpiggen,thehighest