阅读与练习-科技领域：阳盛阴衰之探寻-2022届高考英语阅读备考

WhythereisfewwomensucceedinginSTEM科技领域：阳盛阴衰之探寻

难词扫障

1.stereotypen.陈规旧习；老一套；刻板印象

2.normn.规范;标准；准则

原文复现

NowadaystherearefewfemalesworkingintheSTEM(STEMmeans

science,technology,engineeringandmath's),comparedwithmales.

Accordingtoasurvey,despitemakinguphalfoftheworkforce,womenonly

accountfor14.4%ofallpeopleworkinginSTEM.

Manydifferentreasonsarestatedforwhythismaybethecase：girlsare

lesslikelytostudySTEMsubjectssuchasphysics,chemistry,andmath's

atschool,orcontinuethematuniversity.Someresearchersbelievethat

girlsreceive

gender-basedprejudicefromchildhoodpreviously.leadingthemto

mistakenlybelievethatboysarenaturallybetteratSTEMsubjectsforsome

inbornabilityalthoughthereisnoevidencethatmenarebiologicallybetterat

certainsubjectsthanwomen.

AnotherreasonisthatwomenstillfacesomegenderednormsinSTEM,

suchassomesociallimitationsthatweplaceupongirlsinadolescenceand

eventheycarrythroughouttheiradultlives：aimhigh,butnottoohigh;be

successful,butnevershowoff;avoiddisagreementorhandlechallenging

situationsbytryingtopleasepeople,ratherthanfindingyourownpath.

Theseideasmaypreventsomewomenfromachievingtheirfullpotentialin

STEMcareers.

Aboveall,manygirlsthemselvesmaycontinuetoregardtheindustry

withnarrowstereotypes."TherehasbeentheideathatacareerinSTEM

meansyou'reeitherawhitecoat-wearinglaboratoryscientist,anengineerin

overallsandahardhat,oraslightlystrangeacademicprofessor,"Ursula

HangofP&G'sbeautydeliveryengineeringdivisionsays,"Butthereare

manyinstancesofengineersandscientistsworkingincompletelydifferent

environmentsonarangeofapplicationsthataffecteveryaspectofourlives：

digitization数字化），weatherpatterns,ortransportsystems.Theyarevery

important,andextremelyrelevant!"

Hence,howdogirlsbreakthemyththatSTEMcareersareonlyforthe

boys?First,challengethefalseexpectationthatboysaresimplybetterat

STEM."Bereceptivetonewpossibilitiesandbreakthroughstereotypes,“

urgesHang,"Ifyoudefeatandremovegenderedprejudice,youwillexploit

（发挥）yourtalentandfindanewworld."Then,developtheconfidencein

yourabilitytohavetrueleadershipinSTEM.That'sthekeytosuccess.Most

ofall,bemorestrategicanddecisive,holdingyourownopinioninmore

challengingsituations.

Thankfully,thingsarechanging.Onerecentstudyfoundthatmore

womenhaveenteredSteminthepast40yearsthananyotherfield.Thereare

partofwomenwithflourishing（蒸蒸日上的）scienceandtechnologycareers,

butfurtherworkneedstobedonetohelpencouragethesewomentoworkin

theindustryandtomakethisbecomeanormratherthananexception.It'sof

vitalimportancetobreakthroughthestereotypesandtodevelopthenext

generationoffemaleSTEMtalent.

-----FromTheGuardian

整体感知

本文是一篇议论文，主要说明了为什么从事科技领域相关职业的女性占比很

少。据调查，尽管女性占劳动力总数的一半，但从事科技领域的女性仅占14.4%。

有三个主要原因可以解释这一状况：第一，大部分女性从小时候起就内化了这

种男性有学习理科的天赋，且比女性更加擅长的性别偏见悌二，女性需要长期

面对一些固有的社会观念的束缚悌三，有些女性自己本身就对科技领域相关职

业有着刻板的印象。因此，女性要打破这种刻板认识，战胜性别偏见，勇于追

求自己的职业理想。虽然和以前相比，现在已经有很多女性从事科技领域相关

行业，但要真正实现性别平等，培养女性的才能，还需要继续努力。

篇章结构梳理：

语言学习

写作句型积累

1.Accordingtoasurvey,despitemakinguphalfoftheworkforce,

womenonlyaccountfor14.4%ofallpeopleworkinginSTEM.

根据一项调查，尽管妇女占劳动力的一半，但在科技领域工作的所有人员中，

妇女只占14.4%。

2.Manydifferentreasonsarestatedforwhythismaybethecase.

本文对为何会出现这种情况，提出了许多不同的理由。

3.AnotherreasonisthatwomenstillfacesomegenderednormsinSTEM,

suchassomesociallimitationsthatweplaceupongirlsinadolescenceand

eventheycarrythroughouttheiradultlives.

另一个原因是，女性仍面对着一些科技领域的性别“规则”，如我们在女孩的

青年时期就在她们身上强加社会束缚，这贯穿了她们成年后的生活。

4.First,challengethefalseexpectationthatboysaresimplybetterat

STEM.

首先，挑战一个错误的预判，即男孩们在科技领域的表现更好。

5.Then,developtheconfidenceinyourabilitytohavetrueleadershipin

STEM.That'sthekeytosuccess.

然后，培养你的自信，使你在科技领域有真正的领导能力。这是成功的关键。

6.Mostofall,bemorestrategicanddecisive,holdingyourownopinion

inmorechallengingsituations.

最重要的是，在更具挑战性的情况下，保持自己的观点，更具战略性和决断

性。

7.It'sofvitalimportancetobreakthrough