Unit2 Starting out - Using language 词汇精讲课堂

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：必修三Unit2

(Startingout—Usinglanguage)本单元词汇梳理1.contributioncontribute(必修二U6)—contributioncontribute：con-(together一起)+tribute(贡品)熟词生义：投稿词块：makea(great)contributionto2.reliefrelieve(v减轻)—relief词块：in/withrelief,toone’srelief3.shortageshort+-age词块：food/water/housingshortages,ashortageof4.internal词块：internalorgans/injuries,

internaldoubts5.effectiveeffect(n

效果)+-ive词块：takeeffectivemeasures/steps派生词：effectively6.fund词源义：基础（基金的设立可以为某项事业奠定坚实的基础）熟词生义：“基金会”；名词动词化：“为……提供资金”词块：raisefundsfor7.recyclere-(again再、重新)+cycle(v

循环)→再循环→再利用派生词：recycling8.fountain隐喻：喷泉→水源；源泉→来源9.earn基本义：挣得词块：earna/one’sliving,earnmoney10.donate构词：don(togive给)+-ate(动词后缀)→给予→捐赠词块：donate…to…；词族：donation,donate,donator11.foundation构词：found(=fund,底部、基础)+-ation，与fund同源词族：found,founder,founding,foundation词块：laythefoundationsfor/of,setup/establishafoundation12.insightin+sight→眼睛看进去、用心灵的眼睛去看→深入了解词块：giveaninsightinto13.realityreal+-ity词块：inreality词族：real,really,reality,realise,unreal14.extendex-(out向外)+tend(stretch伸)→向外伸→伸出；伸开一词多义，基本义：伸出；伸开15.mission词块：apeacekeeping/rescuemission,missionaccomplished16.diseasedis-(不；非；使相反)+ease(放松；舒服)→不舒服、生病→疾病辨析义：disease尤指传染性疾病或者身体的某个部位得病；illness指重病或小病均可，也可指患病期间或精神上的疾病。17.disability构词：dis-+ability；熟词生义：障碍词块：amental/physicaldisability,alearningdisability词族：able,ability,disable,disabled,disability18.territoryterra-(land土地)+-ory(表示场所范围)→领土；领地19.sensitive来自sense(感觉)一词多义：基本义“敏感的”词块：besensitiveto20.generousgener-(birth,produce产生)+-ous(形容词后缀)→(不断)产生→(物)丰富的→(人)慷慨的句式：it’sgenerousofsbtodosth,begeneroustosb/withsth派生词：generosity,generously21.hesitate词块：(not)hesitatetodosth,hesitateabout/over派生词：hesitation22.assistanceassist(v

帮助)+-ance词族：assist,

assistance,assistant23.registrationregister(v

注册)→registration24.confirmationconfirm(v

确认、证实)→confirmationcontribute&contribution重难点词精讲一词多义extend一词多义搭配义earn一词多义辨析义sensitivehesitate一词多义foundation熟词生义contributev

vt&vi贡献；捐助；捐献：Itwasgenerousofhertocontributesuchalargesumofmoney.contribute(sth)tosth:ImmigrantshavecontributedtoAmericancultureinmanyways.contribute(money)totheRedCross

vi

造成/促使（某事发生）tohelptomakesthhappen：Alcoholcontributesto100,000deathsayearintheUS.Stressisacontributingfactorinmanyillnesses.

vt&vi投（稿）；撰（稿）：Shecontributedanumberofarticlestothemagazine.温故：必修二U6con-

(一起)+tribute(贡品)→contribute(一起把贡品献给)→贡献contributionn[C]

贡献：IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南书面表达改

捐款；捐献物：Imadeacontributionof$100to/towardthechurch.

稿件；作品：Thisisamagazinewithcontributionsfromwell-knowntravelwriters.►contributorn[C]捐款人；撰稿人；起作用的因素同结构：waytosth,keytosth,solutiontosthcontribute语义网络图贡献contribute(基本义)“贡献”人力、物力、财力等为某事的发生做“贡献”“贡献”稿件等贡献；捐助；捐献造成/促使(某事发生)

投

(稿)；撰(稿)贡献contribution捐款；捐献物稿件；作品10donate和contributedonate√contribute√donate√contribute√donate√contribute×11donatevt&vi捐赠；赠送：Theretiredmandonatedmostofhissavingstotheschooldamagedbytheearthquake.2010江苏donationn[C]&[U]捐赠；赠送；捐赠物；捐款：agenerous/large/smalldonation二者均可表示“捐献”，其后均可接to。表示捐钱或衣物时，二者可互换使用。•Itismoremeaningfultodonate/contributebooksandsportsgoodstochildreninneed.2013

江苏改donate还有“献血”之意。•Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood.2012北京contribute侧重指“贡献”，通常指贡献财力、物力、智力等。此外，contribute还可表示“促成”、“起作用”、“投稿”的意思。•Ibelievethateachofuscancontributetothefutureoftheworld.•Honestyandhardworkcontributetosuccessandhappiness.•Thescientistoftencontributestoanacademicjournal.辨

donate,contribute辨donation,contributioncontribution

指人们为支持某团体、某机构而提供的物品，如为某学校、剧团等所捐赠的钱、物、设备等。•makeacontributon/donationtocharitydonation除了指为某团体、某机构而提供的物品外，还特指向穷苦人民、受灾群众捐赠的衣服、粮食或物品等。•Thisisadonationofmoneytothedisasterarea.earnearnpocketmoney赚零花钱topearners最赚钱的人earn

v

vt&vi赚得；挣得：earnascholarship

earnmoney/anincome/afortuneMygrandpasaidlastsummertheyearnedquitealotbysellingthefish.2018全国

vt

博得；赢得：Heearnedpraiseforhonesty.earna/one’sliving谋生：Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011辽宁►earningsn[C]［复数］薪水；工资►earnern[C]赚钱者基本义挣得美好事物看图猜词foundationfoundation

[C]&[U]基础；基本原则；根据theidea,principle,orfactonwhichsthisbased：Thefoundationofeverystateisitseducationofitsyouth.“LiandalaidthefoundationforeveryachievementIhavemade,”YangZhenningrecalled.

[U]创建；创办(establishment)：thefoundationofthefirstuniversity

[C]［常用复数］地基；房基：Howlongwillittaketofinishdiggingthefoundations?

[C]基金会：Children’sFoundationofChina词源：found(=fund,底部、基础)+-ation，与fund同源Theyear2021isarriving.FromChina’scapitalBeijing,IextendmyNewYearwishes

to

youall!2021年的脚步越来越近,我在北京向大家致以新年的美好祝福!extendThisroadextendstotheriver.TheirstayextendstotheNewYear.Thetravelersdecidedtoextendtheirvisittoseemoreaboutthebeautifulcountry.extend由前缀

ex-“向外”+词根

tend“伸”构成，即“向外伸”→“伸出”“伸开”。extend词源解读extendv

vt

伸开；展开；伸出：Extendyourleft

hand.

vt&vi（使）延伸；（使）延长：

vt&vi（使）扩大；（使）扩展：anextendedfamilyThecompanyextendeditsservicestoHongKong.

vt

[正式用语]提供；给予：Thechairmanextendedawarmwelcometotheguestspeaker.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.►extensionn[C]&[U]

延伸；扩大；延长期：avisaextensionThewirehasanextensionof

50feet.Theextensionofthegardenwilltakeseveralweeks.ThepubhadanextensiononChristmasEve.

扩建部分：Thecityisbuildinganextensiontothesubwayline.

电话分机；分机号码：Extension326,please!beextension[正式用语]再则

extend语义网络图

伸开/伸出

extend（基本义）使身体部位伸开/伸出使距离或时间伸开/伸出使业务或影响伸开/伸出

伸开；展开伸出

（使）延伸；（使）延长

（使）扩大；（使）扩展使行动、情感等伸开/伸出至某人处

提供；给予sensitive玻璃心是一种网络用语，意指自己的心像玻璃一样易碎，用来形容敏感脆弱的心理状态，经不起批评指责或者嘲讽。人并非生来就强大，每个人都有着脆弱敏感的一面，而我们要做的，就是在漫漫人生旅途中，不断强化自己，将自己的“玻璃心”打磨成“钻石心”。sensitive词源解读

善解人意的；体恤的：Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.

（感情）敏感的；易生气的：averysensitivechildSheisverysensitivetocriticism.

（对光、温度等）敏感的；过敏的；易受影响的：Myteethareverysensitive

tocoldfood.

（话题、形势等）敏感的：ahighlysensitivetopicsensitive

adj.表示对食物“过敏的”还有单词allergic，它们之间的差别在于allergic涉及到了身体的免疫系统。sensitive来自sense“感觉”，可以解释为“感觉敏锐的”，基本义为“敏感的”。敏感的sensitive（基本义）对别人的感受敏感自己的感觉很敏感身体对外界敏感话题等令人敏感sensitive语义网络图

善解人意的；体恤的

（感情）敏感的；易生气的

（对光、温度等）敏感的;过敏的;易受影响的

（话题、形势等）敏感的hesitateBetweengeniusanddiligence,Idonothesitatetochoosediligence.

Sheisalmostalltheachievementsintheworld. —Einstein在天才和勤奋两者之间，我毫不迟疑地选择勤奋。她是几乎世界上一切成就的催产婆。

——爱因斯坦阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（AlbertEinstein），出生于德国，毕业于苏黎世联邦理工学院，犹太裔物理学家。后移居美国。主要成就有提出光量子假说（LightQuantumHypothesis），解决光电效应（photoelectriceffect）问题，创立狭义相对论（SpecialRelativity）、广义相对论（GeneralRelativity）等。hesitatevi

踌躇；犹豫；顾虑：

Hehesitatedbeforehereplied.①hesitatetodosth：Ihesitatetotellyouthetruth.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全国书面表达②

hesitateabout/over：Shehesitatedabout/overthechoicebetweenthetwodresses.►hesitationn[U]&[C]

踌躇；犹豫：Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011广东本单元金句汇总1.IadmireEdisonalotbecausehemadeagreatcontributiontotheworld.2008湖南书面表达改2.Youareoldenoughtoearnyourownliving.2011辽宁3.Iwouldliketoextendmythankstoallourteachers,parentsandfamilies,whohavedonesomuchforusovertheyears.4.Sheisverysensitivetootherpeople’sfeelings.5.Don’thesitatetoaskmeifyouhaveanyquestions.2017全国书面表达6.Iacceptthejobwithouthesitation.2011广东随堂检测一、选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.All____________________（捐款）willbegratefullyreceived.2.All________________（稿件）fortheMayissuemustbereceivedbyFriday.3.Hetookpridein_________________________________totheworld.（2014广东）4.Manypeoplehave____________thattypeofblood;however,thebloodbankneedsmore.（2012北京）5.Theladyhas__________________aconsiderableamountofsavingstohelpcollegestudentsstrugglingwithfinancialdifficulties.（2014广东）二、将下列句子翻译成英语。1.他给那所学校捐了一万美元。(contribution)_______________________________________________________________2.他对项目的成功做出了杰出贡献。(contribution)____________________________________________________________contribute&contribution&donate&donationHemadeacontributionof10,000dollarsto/toward(s)theschool.Hemadeagreatcontributiontothesuccessoftheproject.contributions/donationscontributionshavingcontributed/hiscontributiondonateddonated/contributedcontribute,contribution,donate,donation根据所给汉语，完成下列句子。1.Ithastakenyearsto___________________（赢得他们的信任）.2.Asateacher,shehad_____________________________（赢得了她学生的尊敬）.3.Iwishwecouldhelphimto___________________（挣钱）.Hisfamilyissufferingsomuch.（2020山东改）4.Althoughthesebookswillnothelpyouto___________________（谋生）,theywillhelpyoutolivemorefully.earntheirtrustearnedtherespectofherstudentsearnmoneyearnearnyour/aliving根据句意写出foundation的汉语释义。1.SheplanstostartafoundationforhomelesschildrenandwantstobuildacommunitycentreinWaterhouse.（2016江苏）

__________2.StartinglearningEnglishfromchildhoodwillhelpstudentslayasolidfoundationfortheirfutureEnglishlearning. ___________3.Jackscrews（螺旋千斤顶）areusedtoseparatethelarge,heavystructuresfromtheirfoundations.（2015湖南改）

___________4.SincethefoundationofNewChina,thedevelopmentoftheChinesenationhasenteredanewera. ___________

foundation地基成立基金会基础extend一、翻译下列短语。1.扩建房子

___________________2.延长最后期限__________________3.向某人伸出友谊之手__________________4.向……致以热烈的问候___________________二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释义。1.Weshalldowhateverwecantoextendourservice.______________2.Carefulusecanextendthelifeofyourwashingmachine.______________3.Althoughthemarathonisaphysicaltest,thelessonslearnedextendfarbeyondthebody. ______________extendthehouseextendthedeadlineextendthehandoffriendshiptosb扩展延长寿命延伸extendawarmgreetingto一、翻译下列短语。1.敏感皮肤___________________2.对光线敏感__________________3.政治敏感问题__________________二、根据句意写出画线部分的汉语释