Unit1 词汇精讲课堂（二）

词汇课堂Awordisamicrocosmofhumanconsciousness.—Vygotsky教材版本：新外研册别单元：选择性必修Book2Unit1wage重难点词熟词生义digestconsequencecommitment辨析义英语释义辨析义varieddevote用法和搭配搭配义正式用语与非正式用语conclusion搭配义一词多义swallowapprove写作高级词count词根wage2020年7月23日,华为公布了8名天才少年的年薪方案,全部为2019届应届顶尖学生,学历均为博士,年薪最低限89.6万元,最高限201万元，引起网友热议。在羡慕的同时，让我们来学习一下关于“薪资”的表达吧！说到“工资”“薪水”，你能想到的单词是？paysalarywage三个单词之间到底有何不同呢？wage词源解读wage原指承诺对别人的服务的报酬，引申为“工资”。原仅限于手工和机械劳动所得，后词义通用化。wagen[C]［常用复数］工资；薪金：high/lowwagesaweeklywagewage,pay,salary析辨相同点：

三者都可用作名词，含“报酬”之意

三者都常译为“工资”不同点：wage指简单劳动或体力劳动工作者所得的“工资”“工钱”，通常按周、日、小时等短期计算发给，常用复数形式，但用于名词前时用单数形式。

·WagesarepaidonFridays. ·

wageearnerspay指不论工作性质如何，通过各种劳动所得到的报酬，它包含salary和wage，不可数。·

Hedoesn’tlikethejob,butthepayisgood.salary指非体力劳动者所得到的“工资”“薪水”，通常按月计算，有时按季或年计算。·

Thegovernmenthasdecidedtoincreasesalariesforallcivilservants.approve根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。Youmaynot________________________（赞成）hisparty-boylifestyle,buthe’sstillyourbrother.agreewith/approveofapprove词源解读approvev

vi赞成；赞同反disapprove：Iapproveofyou/yourtryingtomakesomemoney,butpleasedon’tneglectyourstudies.

vt批准；认可toofficiallyacceptaplan,proposal,etc.：Wewouldbepleasedifyouwouldapproveourproposal.TheMinistryofEducationapprovedanewpolicytoday.►approvingadj

赞许的；赞成的反disapprovingapprove由

ap-“to”+probare“totry,testsomething”

构成，去验证、认为某人某物是好的，即为“赞成”“同意”。

【词汇拓展】approvaln[C]&[U]赞成；同意反disapproval；批准：Henoddedinapproval.

Thegovernmentgaveapprovaltotheproject.Ihopemysuggestionswillmeetwithyourapproval.disapprovev

反

approve

vi不赞同；反对：Istronglydisapproveofdiets;it’sbettertoeatsensibly.

vt［正式用语］不批准；不同意►disapprovaln[U]不赞同；反对反

approval►disapprovingadj

不赞同的；表示反对的反

approvingapprove,agree,accept析辨approve指“批准/正式通过（计划；建议等）”，侧重对认为正确或满意的事表示“赞同”或“批准”。作不及物动词时意为“赞成”“同意”，常与of连用。

·Ourvillagecommitteeapprovedtheplanofputtingoffthesportsmeetingduetothebadweather.agree指多方面达成一致意见,暗含先有分歧,经协商或讨论后取得共识。·

Myfatheragreedtobuyabikeformeasabirthdaypresent.accept指同意、接受、认可。·

Heacceptedoursuggestion.commitment根据所给汉语，用适当的词块完成句子。We_________________（作出承诺）tokeepworkingtogether.madeapromisemadeacommitmentcommitment比promise更正式commitment词源解读commitment由commit-（使承担义务/使作出保证）+-ment构成。commitment与“承诺（promise）”有关。承诺的事（commitments）有大有小，大如一段婚姻或一份工作，小如与朋友的约会。一旦作出承诺（makeacommitment），就需要全身心的投入。

[C]承诺；许诺；保证apromiseoragreementtodosth：Shehasmadeacommitmenttogoingbottle-free.2008湖北

[C]承诺的事/责任：I’moverworkedatthemoment—I’vetakenontoomanycommitments.抽象名词具体化：commitment指具体承诺的事时是可数名词

[U]投入；奉献beingpreparedtogivealotofyourtimeandattentiontosthbecauseyoubelieveitisrightorimportant：Acareerasanactorrequiresonehundredpercentcommitment.通过英语释义准确理解commitment

ncommitR2

v

vt

犯（错误、罪行等）to

dosthwrongorillegal：commitmurder/acrime/amistakeSmokingiscommittingsuicideslowly

vi&vt（使）承担义务；（使）作出保证tomakeadefiniteagreementorpromisetodosth：TheworldhasalreadycommittedtoestablishingaClimateAdaptationFund.2008上海改

vt

投入

to

spendmoneyortimeonsth/sb：commitsthto(doing)sth:commitanhourtoreadingthenewspaperseverymorning►

committedadj尽心尽力的；坚定的：Helovedplayingthisinstrument,andwascommittedtopracticingit.2017江苏通过英语释义准确理解熟词生义differentvariousdiversevarieddiffer“不同”头脑风暴说到“不同的”英文单词，大家首先想到的是不是“different”？也许有些小伙伴还能想到various，varied，differ，diverse这些词。虽说都可以用来表达“不同的”之意，但是如果在写作中用对了词，你的书面表达将会大大的“不同”。感受“不同”1.Mostpeoplewhodothisjobsaytheylovetheirworkbecauseitisveryrewardingand

varied.（2006江西）2.Doctorshaveworkedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedin

variousevents.（2016上海）3.Visitinganappleeventisagoodchancetosee,andoftentaste,awide

variety

of

apples.（2016全国）4.Toanswerthesequestions,Brookssurveysawide

range

of

disciplines.（2015湖北）5.Leavesarefoundonallkindsoftrees,butthey

differ

greatlyinsizeandshape.（2007上海）6.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveral

diverse

cultures,eachofwhichusesitdifferently.（2014天津）

varyR2

v

vi（大小、形状等）相异；不同

(differ)：varyconsiderably/greatly/widelyvaryfrompersontoperson2019

全国Justlikespokenlanguage,bodylanguagevariesfromculturetoculture.

vi变化；vt改变：Theweatherherevariesfromhourtohour.MydoctorsaidIshouldvarymydietmore.►varied

adj各种各样的；形形色色的varietyn

[U]多样性；变化：Chinesefoodisfamousforitswidevariety.2009重庆

[C]（动植物、语言等的）种类；品种：differentvarietiesofEnglishavarietyof种种；各种各样的：Thecluboffersawidevarietyofgamestothelocalteenagersvarious

adj

不同的；各种各样的(diverse/different)：variouskindsofthemeparksShedecidedtomovetothecountrysideforvariousreasons.►variouslyadv

各种各样地【词汇拓展】在平时学习中，我们可以进行两种形式的词义转换练习。写作方向：用高级词替换一些常用的低级词，为书面表达增色。阅读方向：用常见的容易理解的词去替换阅读中的高级词，帮助更好的理解。词义转换训练（写作方向）由常用到不常用，侧重运用。1.Theareaisrich

inwildlife.__________2.I’mwritingtoyoutoexpressmyopinions.______________3.Inthecomingthreeyears,ourschoollifewillbedifficult.___________4.Somedrivers,cyclistsandpedestriansdonotthinkitimportanttoobeythetrafficrules. ___________abundantconvey[正式]challengingvital词义转换训练（阅读方向）由不常用到常用，侧重理解。1.

FormanyAmericans,theautomobileisanecessity._________2.

Hetradedhispenforaknifewithme.

_________3.Whatsomepeopleregardasadrawback/downside

isseenasaplusbymanyothers._____________4.Takingphysicalexercisecaneraseyourstress._________5.Nooneequalshiminstrength.___________mustexchangedisadvantageremoveisasgoodasswallowThewarriorsaidnothingforhismouthwasfull.Thenheswallowed.Andthenhespoke.“Enoughtalk.Let’sfight!Shashabooey!Shashabooey!”

武士一言不发，因为正忙着吃，然后一口吞下，开口道：“别废话，动手吧！”swallow词源解读swallow

的词源义是：toeat,drink，基本义为“吞咽”swallow■v

vt&vi吞下；咽下：Heputagrapeintohismouthandswalloweditwhole.

vt抑制：Iswallowedmyprideandaskedsomeoneatthestopforhelp.2012广东改swallowup吞没；淹没；吞并；用尽：Thesmogswallowedupthewholecity.■

n[C]燕子：Oneswallowdoesn’tmakeasummer.此名词释义与动词为同形异义词swallow语义网络图吞咽swallowv(基本义)“吞咽”食物等吞下；咽下抑制吞；咽n“吞咽”感情等某物“吞咽”某物吞没；淹没；吞并digest近两年的高考英语语篇来源，很多文章都出自美国有线电视新闻网（CNN）、美国国家公共电台（NPR）、科学美国人（ScientificAmerican）、每日邮报（DailyMail）、读者文摘（Reader’sdigest）、经济学人（TheEconomist）等。对于想要学好英语的同学来说，阅读外刊是必不可少的重要环节。《读者文摘》（Reader’sDigest），美国杂志，在全球多个国家和地区都有发行。1922年创刊，月刊。是一本能引起大众广泛兴趣的内容丰富的家庭杂志。它所涉及的故事文章涵盖了健康、生态、政府、国际事务、体育、旅游、科学、商业、教育以及幽默笑话等多个领域。digest■v

vi&vt消化：digestfood

Thisfooddigestswell/ill.

vt理解；领会：AsFrancisBacononcesaid,“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.”■n

[C]摘要；文摘►digestionn[U]&[C]［常用单数］消化；消化能力digest词源解读digest由dis-“apart”+-gest“tocarry”构成,基本义：“消化”“吸收”。知识拓展Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。这句话出自弗朗西斯·培根的《培根随笔》。原句为：书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。指出了“粗读、泛读、精读”三种不同读书方法。弗朗西斯·培根（FrancisBacon）是英国文艺复兴时期散文家、哲学家。英国唯物主义哲学家，实验科学的创始人，是近代归纳法的创始人。具体到抽象消化digest

(基本义)“消化”食物等“消化”知识等消化理解；领会digest语义网络图devoteOnlytodevoteoneselftothesocietycanfindthesignificanceoftheactuallyshortandriskylife.

——AlbertEinstein人只有献身于社会，才能找出那短暂而有风险的生命的意义。 ——阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（AlbertEinstein，1879年—1955年），犹太裔物理学家。1905年，爱因斯坦提出光子假设、成功解释了光电效应，因此获得1921年诺贝尔物理奖。1905年创立狭义相对论，1915年创立广义相对论。1999年12月，爱因斯坦被美国《时代周刊》评选为20世纪的“世纪伟人（PersonoftheCentury）”。devotevt

把……用于；致力于；献身于：Neighborsdevotedtheirsparetimetohelpingothersrebuildhomes.2016北京改Shedevoted

allherlifetomedicalworkforChinesewomenandchildren.devoteoneselfto

献身于；致力于；专心于：Ifyouhaveajob,dodevoteyourselftoitandfinallyyou’llsucceed.2010四川devote词源解读devote由de-（表示强调）+-vote（tovow，说、发愿）构成。词源义是“发下宏愿”，引申为“致力于”“献身于”。【拓展词汇】devoted

adj挚爱的；全心全意的；忠诚的：Herson,to

whomshewassodevoted,wentabroadtenyearsago.devotionn

[U]献身；忠诚；热爱；专心：devotiontodutyIrespectedhisdevotiontoteaching.belostinfocusonbeoccupiedinbeabsorbedinbeinvolvedinbeengagedin写作同义异构：除了devoteoneselfto你还能想到哪些表示“专注于/致力于做某事”的表达？Thefailureofthecompanywasadirect___________________（结果）ofbadmanagement.result正式用语根据所给汉语，在空白处填入1个适当的单词。consequence/consequenceconsequencen

[C]结果；后果aresultofsththathashappened：face/taketheconsequencesTheconsequenceofarisingsealevelwouldbewidespreadflooding.

[U][正式用语]重要（性）；重大

importance：Don’tworry.It’soflittleconsequence.常用搭配asaconsequence/inconsequence[正式用语]结果；因此asaresult：asaconsequenceof/inconsequenceof[正式用语]由于……的缘故asaresultofsth：Shewasovertheagelimitand,asa/inconsequence,herapplicationwasrejected.Myfathercoughsfrequentlyasaconsequenceof/inconsequenceofsmoking.conclusion高考链接根据所给汉语，完成句子。_______________（总之）weshouldtakepartinsportsandoutdooractivitiesfrequently.（2014江西书面表达）

FinallyLastlyInsummaryInconclusionconclusion

［常用单数］［正式用语］结束；结尾

(end)：Whenhebroughthisspeechtoaniceconclusion,histeacherinvitedtherestoftheclasstopraisehim.2019全国改Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建书面表达改conclusion

n[C]

结论；推论：makeaconclusionThejudge’sconclusionwasthatMrSmithwasinnocent.常用搭配arriveat/cometo/draw/reachaconclusion得出结论：Theycametoaconclusionthatitwasathiefwhohadstolentheirdiamondnecklace.Wewillhaveafurtherdiscussionbeforewedrawafinalconclusion.inconclusion最后；总之(finally)：Inconclusion,Iwouldliketothankeveryonewhohashelpedus.Inconclusion,peoplearoundtheworldshouldprotectthewaterresources.2010福建书面表达改count词根词根词缀v/ncount（count数、计算）/countac-:（加强意义）accountre-:再（again）recountdis-:除去（exclude）discount-ercounter根据所给词根和词缀的提示，写出下列句子中画线单词的汉语释义。1.WeorderedhamburgersandCoca-Colaatthecounter.（2013陕西改）

_________2.EachweekIeagerlycountedmygrowingsavingsincreasedbyextraworkhereandthere.（2016浙江） _________3.ThatT-shirtisnormallysixtydollars,butweareofferingatenpercentdiscount.（2015湖南） _________4.Thestate-run（国营的）companyisrequiredtomakeitsaccounts

astransparent（透明的）aspossibleforitsstafftomonitortheuseofmoney.（2011湖北） _________5.Georgerecountedapersonalstoryhemusthaverepeatedahundredtimesbefore. _________账目讲述柜台数折扣随堂检测wage选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.Hismonthly_______________ispaidinthebankbyhisemployer.2.Notonlydothenurseswanta________________increase,theywantreducedhoursaswell.（2014全国）3.Apostman’s_______________are180perweek.4.Oneofthelargestissueswomentodayfaceisequal_______________.5.Iwaspaidthelowest_______________ofthattime—twodollarsanhour.salarywage/pay/salarywagespaywagewagepaysalaryapprove选出适当的单词，并用其正确形式填空。1.Noteachercan__________________ofcheatinginexams.2.He__________________topresenthimselfatthemeeting.3.I__________________witheverywordyouhavesaid.4.Sheofferedhimaliftandhe__________________it.5.Idon’t__________________herviewsonprivatemedicine.6.Ifthebuildingplanis__________________,workontheprojectwillstartimmediately.approveagreeacceptagreedapproveagreeacceptedagreeapproved一、根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。1.Iamahard-workingandcommittedperson. _________2.Alotofmoneyhasbeencommitted

totheproject. _________3.Forthosewholackastrongsenseofcommitmentthemarriagemayfail. _________4.Shehasleadershipqualitiesandhercommitment

toworkisbeyondquestion. _________5.TheschoolsthatIvisitinNottinghamarefullofexperiencedstaffcommitted

togivingourchildrenacaringandinspiringlearningenvironment.（2012福建） _________尽心尽力的

投入

承诺尽心尽力的投入commitmentcommitment二、根据提示，翻译下列句子。1.我们承诺给予帮助，我们就会遵守承诺。(commitment)We’ve_________________________tohelp,andwewill.2.我们不应该犯这个错误，即只从一个角度分析进步。(commit)Wemustnot_________________________analyzingprogressonlyfromonepointofview.（2014江西）madeacommitmentcommitthemistakeof1.Succulents（多肉植物）comeindifferentkindsofstyles,sizesandcolors.Succulentscomein_______________(variety)styles,sizesandcolors.2.Peoplehavedifferentviewpointsandthosedifferencesmaybecomeconflict.Peoplehave_______________(vary)viewpointsandthosedifferencesmaybecomeconflict.3.Themeaningofsilenceisdifferentamongculturalgroups.（2016

全国）Themeaningofsilence_______________(vary)amongculturalgroups.varied根据括号内的提示改写下列句子，使句意保持不变。avarietyofvaried

/variousvaries

varied4.Evenfastfoodplacesnowoffer“lean”(low-fat)hamburgers,roastedchicken,andsaladbarswithmanydifferentkindsoffreshfruitsandvegetables.Evenfastfoodplacesnowoffer“lean”(low-fat)hamburgers,roastedchicken,andsaladbarswith_______________(variety)freshfruitsandvegetables.5.Asaresult,humansdevelopeddifferentcharactertypesthatstillexisttoday.（2016

北京）Asaresult,humansdeveloped_______________(range)charactertypesthatstillexiststoday.awidevarietyofarangeofswallow根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。Alwayschewfoodwellbeforeswallowing. ___________2.Sheswallowedherangerandturnedtofacehim. ___________3.Timknewtheboatwouldsoonbeswallowed

bythewaves.（2013四川） ___________4.Mostofmysalarygetsswallowedup

bythehouserentandbills. ___________5.PetertoldAnnapackoflies,butsheswalloweditwhole. ___________6.Swallowsbuildingnestsonornearahouseisconsideredgoodluck. ___________淹没/吞没花光全都信以为真吞下；咽下抑制燕子digest根据句意写出画线词的汉语释义。1.Cheesedoesn’tdigesteasily. ___________2.Theylearnwellbutseemtoneedtimetodigestinformation. ___________3.Allthishasupsetme.Ineedtimetodigestitall. ___________4.Ireadonlythisdigestofthenovel. ___________ 5.Thepresidentstartedreadingthepressdigest

overbreakfast. ___________6.Porridge（粥）isgoodfordigestion. ___________7.Itcanbesaidthathappinessisakindofattitude,feelinganddigestion. ___________承受；消化摘要新闻简报消化理解；领会领悟消化devote一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1.Shedevotedherself

hercareer.2.Inreallifethestarofthefilmisa

(devote)husbandandfather.3.Her

(devote)tothejobleftherwithverylittlefreetime.二、根据所给汉语，完成句子。