英语二学历语言学的课件Introductionandunit

IntroductionandUnitofEnglishLanguageTeaching目录CONTENTSIntroductionFundamentalsofLinguisticsOverviewofEnglishLinguisticsFundamentalsofEnglishPhonicsFundamentalsofEnglishLexicologyFundamentalsofEnglishGrammar01IntroductionThiscourseisdesignedtoprovideseconddegreestudentswithacomprehensiveunderstandingoftheEnglishlanguageanditsapplicationinvariouscontextsItemphasizesthedevelopmentofstudents'languageskillsinlistening,speaking,reading,writing,andtranslationThecourseaimstocultivatestudents'abilitytocommunicateeffectivelyinEnglishintheirfutureacademicandprofessionalpursuitsCourseIntroductionUnderstandthebasicprinciplesofEnglishgrammarandusageDevelopreadingandwritingskillsinEnglish,includingcriticalthinkingandargumentationImprovelisteningcomprehensionandspeakingfluencythroughinteractiveclassroomactivitiesLearntotranslateEnglishintoChineseandviceverse,withattentiontoaccuratetranslationandculturalcontextLearningobjectives输入标题02010403LearningmethodCombinationoftraditionalclassroominstructionwithmoderntechnology,suchasonlineresourcesanddigitalplatformsRegularassessmentandfeedbacktomonitorstudents'progressandidentifyareasforimprovementIntegrationofauthenticmaterialsandtaskstosimulaterealworldscenarios,enhancingpracticalapplicationsoflanguageskillsEmphasisonactiveparticipationandcollaborationamongstudents,promotingdiscussionandsharingofideas02FundamentalsofLinguisticsThesystemofaviationvocalsymbolsusedforcommunicationLanguageSpeechLinguisticsTheactualuseoflanguageinspeaking,listening,reading,andwritingThescientificstudyoflanguage030201Linguisticdefinitions

LinguisticclassificationPhonologyThestudyofthesoundsoflanguageandtherulesthatgovernthemPhilosophyThestudyofthestructureandformofwordsSyntaxThestudyofthestructureandrulesofsenses123ThestudyofnaturallyoccurringlanguagedataCorpuslinguisticsTheuseofexperimentstotestlinguistichypothesesExperimentallinguisticsTheexaminationoflanguageandgender,withanaimtoeliminatesexlanguageFeministlinguisticsLinguisticresearchmethods03OverviewofEnglishLinguisticsEnglishlinguisticsservesasatheoreticalfoundationforthestudyandteachingoftheEnglishlanguageEnglishlinguisticsisabranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthephysiology,morphology,syntax,semantics,andpragmaticsoftheEnglishlanguageItaimstodescribe,analyze,andexplainthelinguisticfeaturesandrulesofEnglish,aswellastheirunderlyingmechanismsandprocessesDefinitionofEnglishLinguisticsThestudyofEnglishlinguisticshasalonghistory,datingbacktotheworksofscholarssuchasJohnWilkinsandHenrySweetinthe17thcenturyThedevelopmentofEnglishlinguisticshasbeeninfluencedbyvarioustheoriesandmethodsfromotherbranchesoflinguistics,includingFederaldeSaussure'sstructure,NoamChomsky'stransformationalgrammar,andMichaelHalliday'sfunctionalismTheestablishmentofmodernEnglishlinguisticswasmarketedbythepublicationofLeonardBloomfield's"Language"in1933,whichintroducedthescientificstudyoflanguagetothefieldTheDevelopmentofEnglishLinguisticsThestudyofthesoundsystemandstructureoftheEnglishlanguage,includingpronunciations,telephonetranslations,andphysiologicalrulesPhonologyThestudyofwordformationandstructure,includingwordroots,suffixes,prefixes,andcompoundwordsPhilosophyThestudyofpresencestructureandgrammar,includingpresencetypes,wordorders,andgraphicalrelationshipsbetweenwordsSyntaxResearchfieldofEnglishlinguisticsThestudyofmeaningandtherelationshipbetweenwordsandphrases,includingsynonyms,antonyms,homonyms,andpolysemouswordsSemanticsThestudyoflanguageuseincontext,includinglanguagefunctions,speechacts,andconversationalimplicationsPragmaticsResearchfieldofEnglishlinguistics04FundamentalsofEnglishPhonicsThesmallestcontrastingunitofspeechsoundwithinagivenlanguagePhoneAvariantofaphonethatoccursindifferentphoneenvironmentsAllophoneThesmallestunitsofsoundthatcanbeheardasdistinctbythehumanearPhonesPhoneticdefinitionsConsonantsandVowelsConsonantsarearticulatedwithcompleteorpartialclosureofthevocaltract,whileVowelsareproducedwithanopenvocaltractVoicedandvoicesVoicedsoundsareproducedwithvibrationofthevocalcords,whilevoicessoundsareproducedwithoutvibrationLove,nasal,diplomatic,andafterConsonantscanbeclassifiedbasedonthewayairflowisconstructedwhenproducedPhoneticclassificationArtistrystudies01Useinstrumentalmethodstostudythemovementsofspeechartistssuchasthelips,tongue,andvelumAcousticanalysis02Measureandanalyzethephysicalpropertiesofspeechsounds,suchasfrequencyanddurationPerceptualexperiences03Examinehowlistenersperceiveandinterpretspeechsounds,oftenthroughexperienceswithsoundstimulusandlistenerresponsesPhoneticresearchmethods05FundamentalsofEnglishLexicologyMorphemeisthesmallestmeaningfulunitinthestructureofawordItcanbeeitherfreeorboundFreethemescanstandaloneaswords,whileboundthemescannotLexicologyisthebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthestructureandmeaningofwordsinalanguageItfocusesontheanalysisofwordformationprocesses,relationshipsbetweenwords,andtheclassificationofwordsbasedontheirsemanticandsyntacticpropertiesWordisthesmallestunitoflanguagethatcanbeusedindependentlytoexpressaconceptorideaItiscomposedofoneormorethemesthatcarrysemanticmeaningLexicologicaldefinitionsLegalclassificationistheprocessofgroupingwordsintocategoriesbasedontheirsemanticandsyntacticpropertiesIthelpstoorganizevocabularyandfacilitatelanguagelearningandcommunicationSynonymyreferstotherelationshipbetweenwordsthathavesimilaroridenticalmeaningsSynonymsaregroupedintosynsets,whichrepresentdifferentsharesorcontextsofmeaningAntonymyistherelationshipbetweenwordsthathaveoppositemeaningsAntonymsaredividedintotwotypes:gradableandnongradableGradableantonymshaveagraduationofmeaning,whilenongradableantonymshaveafixedoption010203LexicologicalclassificationHistoricaltoxicologystudiesofthedevelopmentofwordsovertime,tracingtheirorigin,changesinmeaning,andsemanticshiftsItutilizeshistoricaldocumentsandrecordstoreconstructthevocabularyofpastepisodesComparativevocabularycomparesthevocabularyofdifferentlanguagestoidentifycommonsemanticfieldsandrelationshipsbetweenwordsacrosslanguagesItattributestolanguagetranslation,dictionarycompilation,andlanguagecomparisonSociolinguisticsexperimentsshowhowtheuseofwordsreflectssocialfactorssuchasculture,class,gender,andageItinvestsinlanguagevariationandchangewithincommunitiesandsubcultures,consideringtheinfluenceofsocialfactorsonvocalchoiceanduseLexicologicalresearchmethods06FundamentalsofEnglishGrammarGrammar:ThestudyofthestructureofwordsandphrasesandtherulesthatgoverntheircombinationsItincludespsychology(thestudyofwordforms)andsyntax(thestudyofpresencestructure)Grammari