2010高考英语《语法》课件40《不定式》

2010CollegeEntranceExaminationEnglishGrammarcontents目录DefinitionandpropertiesofinfinitivesTheformandusageofinfinitivesThesyntacticfunctionofinfinitivesIndefiniteindependentstructureSpecialusageofinfinitives01DefinitionandpropertiesofinfinitivesVSInfinitiveisthebasicformofaverb,withoutanyauxiliaryverbormodalverb.Itcanbeusedasasubject,object,complementorpredicative.Infinitiveisthemostbasicformofaverb,anditisnotmodifiedbyanyotherverb.Itexpressestheactionorstateofthesubject.DefinitionofinfinitiveInfinitivehasnotense,noperson,nonumberandnovoice.Itonlyexpressesthegeneralactionorstate,withoutspecifyingtime,subjectorotherdetails.Infinitivecanbeusedwithotherverbstoformcomplexsentences.Itcanalsobeusedasacomplementorpredicativetomodifythesubjectorpredicate.ThepropertiesofinfinitivesInfinitivecanbeusedasthesubjectofasentence,expressingtheactionorstateofthesubject.Forexample:"TostudyEnglishisimportant."Infinitivecanalsobeusedastheobjectofasentence,expressingtheactionorstatethatthesubjectperformsorachieves.Forexample:"Helikestoreadbooks."Infinitivecanbeusedasacomplementtomodifythesubjectorpredicate,providingadditionalinformationaboutthesubjectorpredicate.Forexample:"Sheiseasytogetalongwith."Thecharacteristicsofinfinitives02TheformandusageofinfinitivesInfinitivewithout"to"e.g.,"Shelikes(toeat)apples."Infinitivewith"to"e.g.,"Hedecided(togo)tothepark."TheformofinfinitiveAsthesubjecte.g.,"Toerrishuman."Astheobjecte.g.,"Shelikestosing."Asthecomplemente.g.,"Hewantstobeadoctor."TheusageofinfinitivesPresentinfinitivee.g.,"Iwant(toeat)anapple."Pastinfinitivee.g.,"Sheregretted(tohaveleft)early."Passivevoiceofinfinitivee.g.,"Itneeds(tobe)repaired."Thetenseandvoiceofinfinitives03020103ThesyntacticfunctionofinfinitivesInfinitiveassubjectofasentenceTheinfinitivecanbeusedasthesubjectofasentence,expressinganactionorstatewithoutspecifyingtheperformer.Example"Torunamarathonischallenging."(Theinfinitive"torun"isthesubject,indicatingtheactionwithoutnamingtherunner.)InfinitiveassubjectInfinitiveasobjectTheinfinitivecanbeusedastheobjectofaverborpreposition,typicallyexpressingtheactionorstatethatisthefocusofthesentence.Infinitiveasobjectofaverborpreposition"Shewantstotraveltheworld."(Theinfinitive"totravel"istheobjectoftheverb"wants,"indicatingwhatshedesirestodo.)ExampleTheinfinitivecanbeusedasacomplementtoaverb,completingitsmeaningandexpressinganactionorstatethatisrelatedtothesubject.Infinitiveasacomplementtoaverb"Heishappytobehome."(Theinfinitive"tobe"isthecomplementtotheverb"happy,"completingthemeaningofthesentence.)ExampleInfinitiveasapredicate04IndefiniteindependentstructureTheindependentnominativestructureofinfinitivesThisstructureusestheinfinitiveformasthesubjectofthesentence.Example"Toeathealthilyisimportant."ExplanationInthissentence,"toeathealthily"isthesubject,anditexpressestheinfinitiveform"toeat"inthenominativecase.SummarySummaryThisstructureusestheinfinitiveformastheobjectofthesentence.Example"Iwanttotraveltheworld."ExplanationHere,"totraveltheworld"istheobjectoftheverb"want,"anditisintheaccusativecase.TheindependentaccusativestructureofinfinitivesIndefiniteindependentpredicatestructureInthissentence,"toswiminthesummer"isthepredicate,anditexpressestheinfinitiveform"toswim"inanindefinitesense.ExplanationThisstructureusestheinfinitiveformasthepredicateofthesentence.Summary"It'sfuntoswiminthesummer."Example05SpecialusageofinfinitivesInfinitiveomittedinthesentence"Ilike___(read)books."Theinfinitive"toread"isomitted,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Infinitiveomittedinthesentence"Ienjoy_____(go)onvacation."Theinfinitive"togo"isomitted,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Infinitiveomittedinthesentence"Ican'twait_____(see)myfamilyagain."Theinfinitive"tosee"isomitted,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.OmittinginfinitivesNegativeformofinfinitiveinthesentence"Idon'tlike_____(eat)fastfood."Thenegativeformofinfinitive"toeat"isused,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Negativeformofinfinitiveinthesentence"Shedoesn'tenjoy_____(travel)byplane."Thenegativeformofinfinitive"totravel"isused,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.Negativeformofinfinitiveinthesentence"Theydidn'twant_____(buy)anewcar."Thenegativeformofinfinitive"tobuy"isused,andthesentenceisgrammaticallycorrect.ThenegativeformofinfinitiveComparativeformofinfinitive单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容，文字是您思想的提炼单击此处添加内容Comparativeformofinfinitiveinthesentence"Ilike_____(run)morethan_____(swim)."Thecomparativeformofinfinitive"morethan"isused,andthesente