英语长难句精解70句

./难句在考研阅读、完型填空和翻译中的出现频率很高,无论句子有多长、结构有多复杂,它都由一些基本的成分组成的.从结构来说,英语句子中,除了谓语之外,其它的成分均可以由从句或者非谓语动词来充当.从句子本身是一个完整的句子,因此,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、套嵌,也可能并列,平行.从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句.非谓语动词可以有自己的时态和语态〔过去分词除外,也可以跟自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语等成分,构成一个非谓语动词结构.由于非谓语动词和从句的这些特点,使英语句子从理论上讲可以无限延长.

英语长句的分析方法：去枝叶,留主干.

1划出句子中的定语从句和状语从句;

2划出所有介词短语〔位于be动词后的除外；

3名词性从句看作一个整体,找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;

4非谓语动词结构看作一个整体；

5找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干；

6分析从句的结构和非谓语动词的内部结构.

长难句分析的步骤举例：

经典例题〔2001年考研完型填空第二段

Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroduceadraftbillthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicitythatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins.

分析:

第一,划出定语从句和状语从句:thatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnessesillegalandwillstrictlycontroltheamountofpublicity/thatcanbegiventoacase/beforeatrialbegins.

第二,划出介词短语：Inasignificanttighteningoflegalcontrolsoverthepress

第三,句子的结构分析:

〔1主干结构是主语〔LordIrvine含同位语theLordChancellor+将来时谓语〔willintroduce+宾语〔adraftbill；

〔2that引导的定语从句修饰draftbill,其中,willpropose是第一个谓语,makingpaymentstowitnessesillegal是一个动名词短语做宾语,在动名词短语内部,paymentstowitnesses做making的宾语,illegal是宾补；第二个谓语是willstrictlycontrol,theamountofpublicity是它的宾语.thatcanbegiventoacasebeforeatrialbegins是孕含有一个时间状语从句〔beforeatrialbegins的定语从句,修饰publicity.

请大家按照上述步骤认真分解以下70个句子,并把分解后的句子读熟甚至背过,则基本上可以解决考研长难句问题.

1.Thiswillbeparticularlytruesinceenergypinchwillmakeitdifficulttocontinueagricultureinthehigh-energyAmericanfashionthatmakesitpossibletocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields.

结构分析:句子的主干是Thiswillbeparticularlytrue….since引导原因状语从句.此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰thehigh-energyAmericanfashion.在定语从句中,that做主语,makes做谓语,it做形式宾语,不定式短语tocombinefewfarmerswithhighyields则是真正的宾语〔不定式短语内部tocombine是主干,fewfarmers是宾语,withhighyields是状语,possible做宾语补足语.this指代前句中提到的这种困境.energypinch译为"能源的匮乏";in…fashion译为"用…方法、方式".

译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的,因为能源的匮乏,高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去,而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能.

2.Nowsincetheassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematter,wemustbesurethatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa"valid"or"fair"comparison.

结构分析:句子的主干是wemustbesure….since引导原因状语从句theassessmentofintelligenceisacomparativematter.主句中又有that引导的宾语从句thatthescalewithwhichwearecomparingoursubjectsprovidesa"valid"or"fair"comparison.此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词with+which引导的定语从句withwhichwearecomparingoursubjects修饰先行词thescale.scale在此处意为"尺度、衡量标准".

译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的,那么我们必须确保,在对我们的对象进行比较时,我们所用的尺度能够提供"有效的"或"公平的"比较.

3.Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthequalitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefinedandleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcanbenotwelldefined.

结构分析:句子的框架是thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhen…andleasteffectivelywhen….and连接两个并列分句,每个并列分句中皆有一个when引导的时间状语从句分别说明workmosteffectively和and〔workleasteffectively.第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句what…predicted.thetests是主句的主语,work为动词做谓语.qualities在此处是可数名词,不译为"质量",而译为"特征".defined不能直译为"被定义为",而应译为主动语态"界定".

译文：一般来说,当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时,测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时,测试效果最差.

4.Forexample,theydonotcompensateforgrosssocialinequality,andthusdonottellhowableanunderprivilegedyoungstermighthavebeenhadhegrownupundermorefavorablecircumstances.

结构分析:句子的框架是theydonotcompensate…,andthusdonottellhow….and连接两个并列分句,第二个并列分句中由how引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句,其中hadhegrownup…〔=Ifhehadgrownup…是省略了连词if的非真实条件句.主句主语的they,在此代指上文提到的tests;able在句中作mighthavebeen的表语.underprivileged在此不能译为"没有特权的",而译为"没有地位的"或"物质条件差的".

译文：例如,测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此,它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人,如果在较好的环境中成长的话,会有多大才干.

5.Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset：itinvitesyoutothinkthatanimalsshouldbetreatedeitherwiththeconsiderationhumansextendtootherhumans,orwithnoconsiderationatall.

结构分析:句子的框架是Itleadsthediscussiontoextremesattheoutset:itinvitesyoutothinkthat….冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明.复合句中that引导宾语从句,从句中有either…or…引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语,修饰动词betreated,其中第一个with介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词that或which的定语从句humansextendtootherhumans,修饰theconsideration.it代指上文的观点,即如果对人权没有达成一致看法,而谈论动物的权利是徒劳的.介词短语attheoutset译为"从一开始".动词invites应转译为"使"、"让"或"促使".动宾结构extendconsiderationto意为"给予关怀或关心",consideration不应译为"考虑".

译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端,它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅,要么完全冷漠无情.

6.Butevenmoreimportant,itwasthefarthestthatscientistshadbeenabletolookintothepast,forwhattheywereseeingwerethepatternsandstructuresthatexisted15billionyearsago.

结构分析:句子的框架是itwasthefarthestthat….但Itwas…that…在本句中不是强调句型.it是指上句中所提到的150亿年前形成的巨大云团〔astripofenormouscosmiccloudssome15billionlight-yearsfromearth;that引导的应是一个定语从句,修饰先行词thefarthest.for引导的是表示原因的分句,分句中还有that引导的定语从句,修饰thepatternsandstructure.

译文：但更重要的是,这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构.

7.Thusithappenedthatwhenthenewfactoriesthatwerespringinguprequiredlabor,tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalworkers,withtheirwivesandchildren,wereforcedintothecitiesinsearchofwork,andanywork,underanycondition,thatwouldkeepthemalive.

结构分析:句子的框架是ithappenedthat….it做形式主语,that引导的从句做真正的主语.主语从句中,又有一个由when引导的时间状语从句,主句为tensofthousandsofhomelessandhungryagriculturalworkers…wereforced…,时间状语从句中从句主语thenewfactories又带有一个定语从句thatwerespringingup;thatwouldkeepthemalive做work的定语从句.springup意为"发生,出现,建立".

译文:于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立,需要劳动力的时候,成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口,被迫进入城市;他们要找活干,不管什么活儿,不论什么条件,只要不被饿死就行.

8.Asaresultoftwoorthreecenturiesofscientificinvestigationwehavecometobelievethatnatureisunderstandableinthesensethatwhenweaskherquestionsbywayofappropriateobservationsandexperiments,shewillanswertrulyandrewarduswithdiscoveriesthatendure.

结构分析:句子的框架是…wehavecometobelievethat….that引导的从句做believe的宾语从句;此从句中有一个that从句作thesense的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由when引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从句又套嵌一个定语从句thatendure,修饰其先行词discoveries.bywayof意为"经由,通过…方法";rewardsb.with意为"以…报答,酬劳";endure此处应译为"持久,持续",不要译为"忍受,容忍".

译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果,我们逐渐相信,如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题,她会真心实意地给我们答复,并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们.从这个意义上来说,大自然是可以认识的.

9.Thesenewobservationalcapabilitieswouldresultinsimplyamassofdetailswereitnotforthefactthattheoreticalunderstandinghasreachedthestageatwhichitisbecomingpossibletoindicatethekindofmeasurementsrequiredforreliableweatherforecasting.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thesenewobservationalcapabilitieswouldresultinsimplyamassofdetails….后面紧跟省略了if引导的虚拟条件句wereitnotforthefactthat…,即ifitwerenotforthefactthat…;that从句作thefact的同位语从句.此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句,修饰其先行词thestage;requiredforreliableweatherforecasting为过去分词短语修饰thekindofmeasurements.simply译为"只不过,仅仅",不应译为"简单地".

译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气.如果做不到这一点,那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已.

10.ThestoryofthediscoveryofwhatisnowgenerallycalledtheprincipleofArchimedes,namelythatasolidbodywhenimmersedinaliquidlosesaportionofitsweightoftheliquiditdisplaces,hasmanydifferentversions,ofwhichthefollowingisone.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thestory…hasmanydifferentversions….whatisnowgenerallycalledtheprincipleofArchimedes为名词性从句做介词of的宾语.namelythatasolidbody…作theprincipleofArchimedes的同位语;whenimmersedinaliquid是省略了主语的过去分词短语,句子补充完整为whenthesolidbodyisimmersedinaliquid,修饰其主句asolidbodylosesaportionofitsweightoftheliquid…;itdisplaces是省略了关系代词that的定语从句修饰theliquid,it代指前面提到的thesolidbody;同时,ofwhichthefollowingisone又构成先行词versions的定语从句.displace意为"排〔水";version不译为"版本",此处指"根据个人观点的〔对事件等的说法,看法";句尾的one代指aversion.

译文:当固体浸没到液体中时,固体会失去它所排出的液体的那部分重量,这就是现在通常所谓的阿基米德原理.有关这一发现的故事说法众多,下面的故事就是其中之一.

11.Weassumedthattherewereforcesofattractionbetweenmoleculeswhichvariedrapidlywiththedistancesothattheattractionbetweenmoleculesthatweremorethanafewtenmillionthsofamillimeterapartwasverysmallbutbecameconsiderablewhenthemoleculesapproachedmoreclosely.

结构分析:句子的框架是Weassumedthattherewereforcesofattraction….that引导宾语从句.此宾语从句中套嵌一个由which引导的定语从句修饰先行词forcesofattraction;sothattheattractionbetweenmolecules…是sothat结构引导的结果状语从句;在此状语从句中,除主干结构theattraction…wasverysmallbutbecameconsiderable…,又有thatweremorethanafewten-millionthsofamillimeterapart做定语从句修饰先行词molecules和whenthemoleculesapproachedmoreclosely做状语从句,修饰…butbecameconsiderable.considerable译为"相当大〔或多的".

译文：我们曾经假定,分子之间存在着引力,这种引力随着分子之间距离的不同而有显著的变化,因而,在间距为千万分之几毫米的分子之间的引力是很小的,但是分子靠得很近时,这种引力会变得相当大.

12.Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment,whichmeansthatwemust,forthebenefitofcominggenerations,leaveenoughenvironmentalspacesothatthesegenerationswillbeabletoaddresstheirneedsandfulfilltheiraspirations.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thisneedisenshrinedintheconceptofsustainabledevelopment….其后紧跟着一个which引导的定语从句,修饰先行词sustainabledevelopment.此定语从句的谓语动词means又套嵌一个that引导的宾语从句,即wemust…leaveenoughenvironmentalspace.此宾语从句中又有sothat结构做此从句的目的状语.beenshrinedin意为"被深深地珍藏〔或铭记在…",此处转译为主动语态"纳入到".sustainabledevelopment译为"可持续发展".

译文：这一需要被正式载入可持续发展的概念之中.所谓可持续发展是指:为了子孙后代的利益,我们必须保留足够的生存环境空间,以满足他们的需要,施展抱负.

13.Paintinglacksonlythemeanstorepresentmovementintimeandspace,whichisthespecialpropertyofsculptureandarchitecture,sinceapaintingisdesignedtobeseenfromonepointatonetime,whereassculptureandarchitecturearecreatedtobeseenfromvariouspointsofview,thussupplyingmovementsinspaceandtime.

结构分析:句子的框架是Paintinglacksonlythemeans…,since….since引导的原因状语从句修饰主句;关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰themeanstorepresentmovementintimeandspace;property在此处应译为"性质,特性",不译为"财产,资产".

译文：绘画缺少的仅仅是表现空间与时间变化的手法,而这正是雕塑与建筑的特性.绘画时只要求在某一时刻,从空间的一点来欣赏,而雕塑和建筑的创造则要求从各个角度来欣赏,这样就表现出了空间,时间的变化.

14.Onceintimidatedbyargumentsthattheirchildrenwouldfeelmoreathomeinbilingualclasses,andthattheymightlosetheirheritageinregularclasses,thesewomenhavesincegivenvoice,loudlyandpersuasively,towhattheyknowfromexperiencethatunlesstheyarefluentinthelanguageoftheiradoptedcountry,theirchildrenwillneverattendcollegeorlandanybutthemostmenialofjobs.

结构分析:句子的框架是thesewomenhave…givenvoice…towhattheyknowfromexperiencethat….that从句做experience的同位语从句;此从句中又套嵌一个unless引导的条件状语从句;Onceintimidatedbyarguments是过去分词做状语修饰thesewomen,其施动者arguments又有两个that引导的同位语从句修饰限定它.intimidatedbyarguments意为"被论点搞得惊慌害怕";feelathome不能直译为"感到在家",而译为"感到自在";givevoiceto意为"表达,表露";landjobs译为"找到工作".

译文：有人说,孩子们在双语课堂里会感到更加自由自在,而在正规班级会丧失其传统文化.这几位母亲曾被这一论点搞得惶恐不安,现在发表了最响亮,最有说服力的意见.从她们自身的经验中,他们深知:如果孩子们不熟练掌握他们所移居国家的语言,除了那些最简单的体力活儿外,根本谈不上上大学,也谈不上找到理想的工作.

15.Thepresumptiononwhichhumancloningrestsisthatallthesecells,thoughnowspecialized,stillcontainexactcopiesoftheoriginalsetofgeneticinstructionsneededtomakeanentireindividualandcandosoifawayisfoundtoswitchthembackon.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thepresumptionisthatallthesecells…containgeneticinstructions…andcandoso….其中介词on加which引导定语从句修饰主语thepresumption;that从句为表语从句;此表语从句中contain和cando并列做allthesecells的谓语;表语从句中又插入一个though引导的省略了主语allthesecells的让步状语从句,补充完整为thoughthesecellsarenowspecialized;neededtomakeanentireindividual为过去分词短语做geneticinstructions的后置定语;并列谓语candoso又有if条件句修饰.reston意为"依赖".为避免重复doso代替前文提到的makeanentireindividual.

译文：人类克隆赖以存在的假定是:虽然所有的细胞现已全部特化,但却仍然包含有发育为完整个体所需的与母体完全一致的全部遗传指令;如果能找到一个方法使失去作用的部分恢复作用,这些细胞就能发育成为完整的个体.

16.Thus,aregularityforwhichtherearegeneraltheoreticalgroundswillbemorereadilycalledanaturallawthananempiricalregularitythatcannotbesubsumedundermoregenerallawsortheories.

结构分析：句子的框架是aregularity…willbemorereadilycalledanaturallawthananempiricalregularity….介词for加关系代词which引导定语从句修饰aregularity.anempiricalregularity后又有定语从句thatcannotbesubsumedundermoregenerallawsortheories修饰.grounds意为"根据,理由";subsume意为"把…归入,纳入".

译文：因此,与一条不能被归入更普遍的法则或理论而是基于经验的规律相比,一条具有普遍理论依据支持的规律很可能被认可为一条自然法则.

17.Itisbecauseofthecloseassociationinmostpeople’smindsoftoolswithmanthatspecialattentionhasalwaysbeenfocuseduponanyanimalabletouseanobjectasatool,butitisimportanttorealizethatthisability,onitsown,doesnotnecessarilyindicateanyspecialintelligenceinthecreatureconcerned.

结构分析:句子的框架是Itisbecauseof…that…,butitisimportanttorealizethat….but连接两个并列句,but前的并列分句为Itis…that…强调结构,强调becauseof引导的状语.but后的并列分句又有that引导的宾语从句做realize的宾语.thecloseassociationinmostpeople’smindsoftoolswithman中注意inmostpeople’sminds把thecloseassociationoftoolswithman〔工具与人类的密切联系分隔开来.两个并列句中分别有abletouseanobjectasatool和concerned分别做其前面名词animal和thecreature的后置定语.man根据上下文在此处指"人类",而不是"男人";notnecessarily译为"不一定、未必";onitsown意为"独立地,凭自己力量",在此转译为"就其自身而言".

译文：正是由于在大多数人头脑中工具与人类联系密切,人类才特别关注有能力把物体当工具使用的任何一种动物.但值得注意的是,这种能力就其自身而言,并不表明这种动物有什么特别的智慧.

18.Thepointatwhichtoolusingandtoolmakingacquireevolutionarysignificanceissurelywhenananimalcanadaptitsabilitytomanipulateobjectstoawidevarietyofpurposes,andwhenitcanuseanobjectspontaneouslytosolveabrand-newproblemthatwithouttheuseofatoolwouldproveinsoluble.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thepoint…is…when…andwhen….两个when引导的从句为并列的表语从句.atwhichtoolusingandtoolmakingacquireevolutionarysignificance为定语从句修饰主语thepoint;第二个when引导的表语从句中也有that引导的定语从句修饰abrand-newproblem.abilitytomanipulateobjects译为"操纵物体的能力";…abrand-newproblemthatwithouttheuseofatoolwouldproveinsoluble中without和insoluble为双重否定可译成肯定句.

译文：当一种动物能够使自己操纵物体的能力适用于更广泛的目标范围,并且能够自发地使用物体解决只有通过工具才能解决的崭新问题时,工具的使用和制造就肯定达到了具有进化意义的阶段.

19.ItwasthedesiretobescholarlythatbroughtaboutawxdyeofLatintermswhichappearedinthe16thcenturywhenthehumanistmovementbroughtnewimpetustolearningthroughoutEurope.

结构分析:句子的框架是Itwasthedesire…thatbroughtaboutawxdye….itis…that…是强调句型,强调主语thedesiretobescholarly.关系代词which引导定语从句,修饰Latinterms;关系副词when引导定语从句,修饰century.句中scholarly做"博学多才"讲;humanistmovement译为"人文主义运动";impetus意为"动力,促进".

译文：在16世纪的时候,人文主义运动促进了欧洲各国的学术运动,人们都想显示自己的博学多才,从而出现了一股使用拉丁字词的潮流.

20.Sodon’tbesurprisedifyouneverencountersomeoftheexpressionsthatstillappearinschooltextbooks;andnexttimeyouhearsomebodyusingastrangewordyouhxdyen’theardbefore,youcancomfortyourselfthattheremaywellbeanativespeakersomewherewhodoesn’tknowiteither.

结构分析:句子的框架是…don’tbesurprisedifyou…;andnexttime…,

youcancomfortyourselfthat….分号连接两个并列分句.在前面句子中,if引导状语从句;关系代词that引导定语从句,修饰expressions.在后面句子中,youhear…是省略了关系副词when的定语从句,修饰nexttime;youhxdyen’theardbefore又是省略了关系代词which的定语从句,修饰strangeword;主句是youcancomfortyourselfthat…,这里的that引导宾语从句,而关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰nativespeaker.may和well连用表示有充分的理由,译为"〔完全能,〔很可能".

译文：因此,如果在某些教科书里你碰到某些词组是你从未见过的,你不必惊讶.如果下次你听到有人用一个你以前从未听到过的新词,你可以这样安慰自己说,很可能在什么地方有一个讲英语的本地人也不认识这个字呢!

21.Despitethesayingthatoneneverknowsiflightningstrikeshim,apersoncansometimesfeeltheboltcomingandifquickenough,takeprotectiveactionintime.

结构分析:句子的框架是apersoncan…feeltheboltand…takeprotectiveaction….and连接两个并列的谓语动词.句首despite是介词引导介词短语作状语,此短语中that引导的名词性从句做saying的同位语,此同位语从句中,iflightning…是一个名词性从句,作know的宾语,if在句中相当于whether.主句中ifquickenough补充完整为ifheisquickenough,是条件状语从句,为takeaction的前提条件.句中bolt译为"闪电".

译文:尽管人们常说一个人从来不知道是否遭到闪电的袭击,但是一个人有时能感觉到闪电的到来,如果动作快,就能及时采取保护措施.

22.The"shareholder"assuchhadnoknowledgeofthelives,thoughtsorneedsoftheworkmenemployedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares,andhisinfluenceontherelationsofcapitalandlaborwasnotgood.

结构分析:句子的框架是The"shareholder"assuchhadnoknowledge…,andhisinfluence…wasnotgood..and连接两个并列的分句.assuch做The"shareholder"的定语,employedbythecompanyinwhichheheldshares是过去分词短语作定语,修饰workmen,分词短语中含有inwhichheheldshares定语从句,修饰company.

译文：这样的股东,对他拥有股份的公司里所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知,而且他们对劳资双方的关系,也不会产生积极的影响.

23.Thepaidmanageractingforthecompanywasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmenwhichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway.

结构分析:句子的框架是Thepaidmanagerwasinmoredirectrelationwiththemenandtheirdemands,butevenhehadseldomthatfamiliarpersonalknowledgeoftheworkmen….actingforthecompany做thepaidmanager的定语,whichtheemployerhadoftenhadunderthemorepatriarchalsystemoftheoldfamilybusinessnowpassingaway做thatfamiliarpersonalknowledge的定语,nowpassingaway做theoldfamilybusiness的定语.

译文:受聘于公司并代表公司的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接,但是,就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解.而在现在,正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式制度下的雇主们,却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系.

24.Whenajournalistrecentlyaccusedthecompanyoflackingintegrityinitstestingofbeautyproducts,thecompanyovertlyappealedtothepublicbycitingitscorporatebrand,whichwasfirmlyassociatedinpeople’smindswithstrongethicalstandardsconcerninganimalrights.

结构分析:句子的框架是When…,thecompanyovertlyappealedtothepublic….when引导时间状语从句.主句中关系代词which引导定语从句修饰corporatebrand,此定语从句中inpeople’sminds把associatedwith分隔开来.beautyproducts译为"美容产品".

译文：有一名记者近日指责该公司在美容产品的测试上缺乏整体性,该公司公开利用其公司品牌求助于公众.在公众的心目中,该品牌同关系到动物权利的道德标准息息相关.

25.However,thecriminalsquicklycametorealizethattherealvalueinthecomputersisinthechipwhichisremarkablyportableandunidentifiable,soevenwhencaughtthepolicehxdyetroubleprovingthetheft.

结构分析:句子的框架是thefraternity…cametorealizethat…so…thepolicehxdyetrouble….这是一个并列复合句,两个句子由so连接.在前面句子里that引导宾语从句,做realize的宾语;此从句中又有which引导的定语从句修饰thechip;so后面句子里whencaught是过去分词做状语,whencaught即whenthethiefwascaught;proving是现在分词,修饰trouble.

译文:但偷盗者认识到,电脑中真正值钱的东西是芯片〔或叫集成电路片,这是可以随身携带和无法识别的.即使当场被抓住,警察也难以证明那是偷来的.

26.Althoughperhapsonly1percentofthelifethathasstartedsomewherewilldevelopintohighlycomplexandintelligentpatterns,sovastisthenumberofplanetsthatintelligentlifeisboundtobeanaturalpartoftheuniverse.结构分析:句子的框架是Although…,sovastisthenumberofplanetsthat….主句为so…that…结构引导的结果状语从句,因强调vast,sovast放在句首进行倒装,正常语序为thenumberofplanetsissovastthat….although引导让步状语从句.此从句中套嵌一个关系代词that引导的定语从句修饰life.beboundto意为"一定,必定".

译文:虽然在某处已经开始的生命中,可能仅有百分之一会发展成高度复杂、有智慧的形式,但是行星的数目如此之多,以致于有智慧的生命,一定是宇宙的一个天然组成部分.

27.Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationofcapitalandindustrygreatlyincreasedthenumbersandimportanceofshareholdersasaclass,anelementinnationalliferepresentingirresponsiblewealthdetachedfromthelandandthedutiesofthelandowners;andalmostequallydetachedfromtheresponsiblemanagementofbusiness.

结构分析：句子的框架是Suchlarge,impersonalmanipulationgreatlyincreased…shareholdersasaclass,anelement…主语和宾语都有较长的短语和of结构限定,并且分句是由两个and相连的3个部分组成的.分句anelement…landowners又带有两个定语,一个是representing…,另一个是detached….

译文：对资本和企业进行大规模的非个人操纵,大大增加了股东作为一个阶级的数量和重要性.这个阶层作为国计民生的一部分,代表了非个人责任的财富与土地及土地所有者应尽义务的分离,而且也几乎与责任管理相分离.

28．TownslikeBournemouthandEastbounespranguptohouselarge"Comfortable"classeswhohadretiredontheirincomes,andwhohadnorelationtotherestofthecommunityexceptthatofdrawingdividendsandoccasionallyattendingashareholders'meetingtodictatetheirorderstothemanagement.

结构分析：Towns…sprangup…classeswho…,andwho….分析句子主干很容易看到这也是一个典型的定语从句结构,分句由who…,andwho…两个并列结构组成.注意like并不是谓语而是介词短语作定语,真正的主句谓语是sprangof.retireon指"依靠什么而退休〔多跟表收入的名词".thatofdrawingdividends结构中,draw是收取的意思,dividend指红利,thatofsth结构是名词性的,that指代relation.注意后面还有attending和drawing并列.

译文：像Bournemouth和Eastboune这样的城市,兴起了大批隐退的享乐阶层人士,他们靠自己的收入,在这里过着悠闲的生活.他们与群体之外的人没有联系,只是分取红利,偶尔参加股东会议,对管理人员发号施令.

29．RobertFultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea."

结构分析：句子主干RobertFultononcewrote,"Themechanicshouldsitdown…,likea…,consideringthemas…,inwhicha…",considering…分句是现在分词做状语,可以拿到句首,也可以在句尾,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea是非限定性定语从句.

译文：罗博特•富尔顿曾经写道,机械工将坐在杠杆、螺丝、楔、轮子等周围,像诗人对待字母表中的每个字母一样,把它们作为自己的思路展示,每一个新组合都传递一个新概念.

30．Someofthesecausesarecompletelyreasonableresultsofsocialneeds.Othersarereasonableconsequencesofparticularadvancesinsciencebeingtosomeextentself-accelerating.

结构分析：句子主干Someofthesecausesarereasonableresults…,Othersareconsequencesofadvances….主语是someofthesecauses,实际的主语就是some,不过谓语是单数还是复数则取决于of后面的成分是单数还是复数.beingtosomeextentself-accelerating是现在分词短语做定语,意为"属于".

译文：在这些原因中,有些完全是自然而然地来自社会需求,另一些则是由于科学在一定程度上自我加速而产生的,某些特定发展的必然结果.

31．ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentcannotgenerallybeforeseenindetail.结构分析：句子主干是Thistrendbeganduring…,when…引导时间状语从句,第一个that引导同位语从句,表明conclusion的内容.第二个that引导的是修饰demands的定语从句.译文：这种趋势始于第二次世界大战期间,当时一些国家的政府得出结论：政府向科研机构提出的具体要求,通常是无法详尽预见的.

32．Thisseemsmostlyeffectivelydonebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnotrelatedtoimmediategoalsbutofpossibleconsequenceinthefuture.结构分析：句子主干是Thisseems…donebysupportingacertainamountofresearchnot…but…,not…but句型,意为"不是……而是……"译文：给某些与当前目标无关,但将来可能产生影响的科研提供支持,看来通常能有效地解决这一问题.

33．However,theworldissomadethatelegantsystemsareinprincipleunabletodealwithsomeoftheworld'smorefascinationanddelightfulaspects.结构分析：句子主干是However,theworldissomadethat…systemsare…unabletodealwithsomeofthe…aspects.somade指"如此构成",so和后面的that构成so…that结构,意为"如此…以至于…".译文：然而,世界就是这样.一般而言,完美的体系无法解决世界上某些更加引人入胜的课题.

34．Newformsofthoughtaswellasnewsubjectsforthoughtmustariseinthefutureastheyhxdyeinthepast,givingrisetonewstandardsofelegance.结构分析：句子主干是Newforms…mustarise…astheyhxdyeinthepast.主语是newforms和newsubjects,后跟介词短语aswellasnewsubjectsforthought,谓语是mustarise.as在这里引导状语从句astheyhxdyeinthepast,hxdye后省略了arisen,其内容与本句主语一致.givingriseto…是一个现在分词短语做状语.译文：同过去一样,将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象,给完美以新的标准.

35．ForLloydNickson,a54yearsoldDarwinresidentsufferingfromlungcancer,theNTRightsofTerminallyIIIlawmeanshecangetonwithlivingwithoutthehauntingfearofhissuffering:aterrifyingdeathfromhisbreathingcondition.结构分析：句子主干是theNTRights…meanshecangetonwithlivingwithout….ForLloydNickson,是状语,"a54yearsold…cancer"为LolydNicks的同位语.此句的核心结构为Rightsmeans…,hecangetonwithlivingwithout…是一个宾语从句.译文：对于现年54岁居住在达尔文的肺癌患者尼克逊来说,这个法案意味着他可以平静地生活下去,而无须终日担心将要到来的折磨：因呼吸困难而在煎熬中死去.

36．Someonetrxdyelingalone,ifhungry,injured,orill,oftenhadnowheretoturnexcepttothenearestcabinorsettlement.结构分析：句子主干Someonehadnowheretoturnto.trxdyeling是现在分词,是修饰someone的定语.if引导的从句中均省略了"主语＋be动词"的结构,这样显得句子简洁.译文：独自旅行时,如果没有了食物,受了伤或者生了病,通常只能向最近的小屋或者村落求救.

37．Weliveasocietyinwhichthemedicinalandsocialuseofsubstances<drugs>ispervasive:anaspirintoquietaheadache,somewinetobesociable,coffeetogetgoinginthemorning,acigaretteforthenerves.结构分析：句子主干是Weliveinasociety.此句句子虽长,但是结构并不复杂,可以从冒号开始分为两个部分.inwhich引导了一个定语从句.该从句的分句谓语动词是is而不是are,是因为在这个从句中主语是use,而不是substances.在冒号后的部分中,quiet是及物动词,是"镇静"的意思.译文：在我们生活的社会里,物质〔药品被广泛地运用于社交和医疗,比如说服用阿司匹林来缓解头疼,喝酒来应酬,早晨喝咖啡来提神,吸烟来镇定情绪等.

38．Dependenceismarkedfirstbyanincreasedtolerance,withmoreandmoreofthesubstancerequiredtoproducethedesiredeffect,andthenbytheappearanceofunpleasantwithdrawalsymptomswhenthesubstanceisdiscontinued.结构分析：句子主干是Dependenceismarkedfirstby…,with…,andthenby….with引导的是伴随结构作状语,修饰的是整个第一分句描述的状态.and引导的分句省略了谓语动词marked,所以该分句并不隶属于第一分句,而是与之并列的结构,when引导的是第二个分句的时间状语从句.译文：依赖最初表现为忍耐力增强,用量越来越大才能达到预期效果,一旦停用就会产生不舒服的症状.

39．Buthetalkedaswellaboutthe"balancedstruggle"betweencreativefreedomandsocialresponsibility,andheannouncedthatthecompanywouldlaunchadrivetodevelopstandardsfordistributionandlabelingofpotentiallyobjectionablemusic.结构分析：句子主干是Buthetalkedaswellabout…,andheannouncedthat…由and连接的两个并列成分构成.第二个分句中有一个that引导的宾语从句.译文：但他也谈到了创作自由与社会责任之间要"努力保持均衡"这一问题.他宣布公司将发起一次活动,以制定有关发行和标识可能招致大众反对的音乐的各种标准.

40．Averageinflationinthebigsevenindustrialeconomiesfelltoamere2.3%lastyear,closetoitslowestlevelin30years,beforerisingslightlyto2.5%thisJuly.结构分析：句子主干是Averageinflationfell.closeto相当于省略了whichwas的非限制性定语从句.Before后面的成分是对全句的补充说明,是状语成分.状语成分可以置句首,也可以置句末,并无规定.之所以用rising,是因为before在这里是介词.译文：去年,七大工业国家的通货膨胀率下降到了2.3%,接近30年来最低水平,今年7月才小幅上涨到2.5%,比许多国家70年代和80年代两位数低了很多.

41．EconomistshxdyebeenparticularlysurprisedbyfxdyorableinflationfiguresinBritainandtheUnitedStates,sinceconventionalmeasuressuggestthatbotheconomies,andespeciallyAmerica's,hxdyelittleproductiveslack.结构分析：句子主干是Economistshxdyebeen…surprised.主句用现在完成时hxdyebeen….Since引导的是表原因的状语从句.译文：特别让经济学家感到诧异的是,英美两国的通货膨胀带来的是良性的结果.因为传统的分析方法表明,两国尤其是美国的经济生产,几乎没有闲置的生产资源.

42．Actuallyitisn't,becauseitassumesthatthereisanagreedaccountofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothxdye.结构分析：句子主干是Actuallyitisn’t….主句很简单,而because引导的原因状语从句中,又有一个that引导的宾语从句.这个从句中,主语anagreedaccountofhumanrights由一个which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰,而这个非限制性定语从句中又有一个限制性定语从句theworlddoesnothxdye来修饰something.译文：事实并非如此,因为这种问法是以人们对人的权利有共同认识为基础的,而这种共同认识并不存在.

43．Somephilosophersarguethatrightsexistonlywithinasocialcontract,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements.结构分析：句子主干是Somephilosophersarguethat….that引导的宾语从句中,aspartofanexchangeofdutiesandentitlements充当了补语的角色.译文：有些哲学家主张说,权利只存在于社会契约中,是责任与利益相交换的一部分.

44．Arguingfromtheviewthathumansaredifferentfromanimalsineveryrelevantrespect,extremistsofthiskindthinkthatanimalslieoutsidetheareaofmoralchoice.结构分析：句子主干是Arguingfromtheviewthathumansare…,extremistsofthis…逗号前面是一个现在分词短语,做状语,里面又有一个that从句做theview的同位语,逗号后面的that从句是一个宾语从句.译文：这类人持极端看法,认为人与动物在各相关方面都不相同,对待动物无须考虑道德问题.

45．Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itismankind'sinstinctformoralreasoninginaction,aninstinctthatshouldbeencouragedratherthanlaughedat.结构分析：句子主干是Whenthathappens,itisnotamistake:itis…instinct…,aninstinctthatshouldbe….以冒号为界,将全句分成两个复合句.前面的复合句里,whenthathappens是时间状语从句.冒号后面的复合句里有一个that从句,做instinct的定语.译文：这种反应本身没有错,这是人类道德观念在进行推理时,本能在起作用,这种本能应得到鼓励而不应遭到嘲弄.

46．TheAswanDam,forexample,stoppedtheNilefloodingbutdeprivedEgyptofthefertilesiltthatfloodsleft-allinreturnforagiantreservoirofdiseasewhichisnowsofullofsiltthatitbarelygenerateselectricity.结构分析：句子主干是TheAswanDam,…stoppedtheNileflooding…but…有插入语.forexample是个插入结构,不是句子的主要成分.but后面省略了theAswanDam.注意so…that…结构,是"如此……以至于"的意思.译文：以阿斯旺大坝为例,它挡住了尼罗河的洪水,但也使埃及失去了洪水冲积的肥沃土壤,换回来的却是一个病态的大水库.现在水库积满泥沙,几乎不能用于发电了.

47．Thetroubleisthatpartoftherecentaccelerationisduetotheusualreboundthatoccursatthispointinabu