大学英语四级考试备考练习1

大学英语四级考试备考练习1PartI

Writing(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopic"NoSmokinginPublicPlaces".Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1.

有人在公共场所吸烟;

2.

在公共场所吸烟的危害;

3.

如何杜绝这一现象。

PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.Forquestions1-7,markY(forYES)ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.N(forNO)ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage.NG(forNOTGIVEN)iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

WhatIsCultureShock?

Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientation(迷惘)thatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations.Manythingscontributetoit—smells,sounds,flavorsandtheveryfeelingoftheaironeisbreathing.Thesymptomsofcultureshockcanappearatdifferenttimes.Althoughonecanexperiencerealpainfromcultureshock,itisalsoanopportunityofredefiningone’slifeobjectives.Itisagreatopportunityoflearningandacquiringnewperspectives.Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity.

Symptoms:

Sadness,loneliness,melancholy(忧郁)PreoccupationwithhealthAches,painsandallergies(过敏)Insomnia,desiretosleeptoomuchortoolittleChangesintemperament,depression,feelingvulnerable,feelingpowerlessAnger,irritability,resentment,unwillingnesstointeractwithothersIdentifyingwiththeoldcultureoridealizingtheoldcountry

LossofIdentity:

TryingtoohardtoabsorbeverythinginthenewcultureorcountryInabilitytosolvesimpleproblemsLackofconfidenceFeelingsofinadequacyorinsecurityDevelopingstereotypesaboutthenewcultureDevelopingobsessionssuchasover-cleanlinessLongingforfamily

Feelingsofbeinglost,overlooked,exploitedorabused

StagesofCultureShock

Cultureshockhasmanystages.Eachstagecanbeongoingorappearonlyatcertaintimes.Thefirststageistheincubationstage.Inthisfirststage,thenewarrivalmayfeeleuphoricandbepleasedbyallofthenewthingsencountered.Thistimeiscalledthe"honeymoon"stage,aseverythingencounteredisnewandexciting.Afterwards,thesecondstagepresentsitself.Apersonmayencountersomedifficulttimesandcrisesindailylife.Forexample,communicationdifficultiesmayoccur,suchasnotbeingunderstood.Inthisstage,theremaybefeelingsofdiscontent,impatience,anger,sadness,andfeelingincompetence.Thishappenswhenapersonistryingtoadapttoanewculturethatisverydifferentfromthecultureoforigin.Transitionbetweentheoldmethodsandthoseofthenewcountryisadifficultprocessandtakestimetocomplete.Duringthetransition,therecanbestrongfeelingsofdissatisfaction.Thethirdstageischaracterizedbygainingsomeunder-standingofthenewculture.Anewfeelingofpleasureandsenseofhumormaybeexperienced.Onemaystarttofeelacertainpsychologicalbalance.Thenewarrivalmaynotfeelaslostandstartstohaveafeelingofdirection.Theindividualismorefamiliarwiththeenvironmentandwantstobelongtoit.Thisinitiatesanevaluationoftheoldwaysversusthoseofthenew.Inthefourthstage,thepersonrealizesthatthenewculturehasgoodandbadthingstooffer.Thisstagecanbeoneofdoubleintegration(整合)ortripleintegrationdependingonthenumberofculturesthatthepersonhastoprocess.Thisintegrationisaccompaniedbyamoresolidfeelingofbelonging.Thepersonstartstodefinehimself/herselfandestablishgoalsforliving.Thefifthstageisthestagethatiscalled"reentryshock".Thisoccurswhenareturntothecountryoforiginismade.Onemayfindthatthingsarenolongerthesame.Forexample,someofthenewlyacquiredcustomsarenotinuseintheoldculture.Thesestagesarepresentatdifferenttimesandeachpersonhashis/herownwayofreactinginthestagesofcultureshock.Asaconsequence,somestageswillbelongerandmoredifficultthanothers.Manyfactorscontributetothedurationandeffectofcultureshock.Thefactorsaretheindividual’sstateofmentalhealth,typeofpersonality,previousexperiences,socio-economicconditions,familiaritywiththelanguage,familyand/orsocialsupportsystemsandlevelofeducation.

HowtoFightCultureShock

Themajorityofemigrantindividualsandfamilieshavetheabilitytopositivelyconfronttheobstaclesofanewenvironment.Somewaystocombatstressproducedbycultureshockare:23.Theword"submissive"inthelastsentenceofParagraph2means____________.A)

obedientB)

givingC)

feminineD)

masculine

24.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisFALSE?A)

TheMundugumoristhesocietyinwhichmenandwomenaresensitivetoeachothers’feelingsandexpressemotionsB)TheTchambuliisthesocietyinwhichthemenareemotionalandsubmissivetothewomen,andthewomenaredominantandaggressiveC)MargaretMead’sconclusionisbasedonthefindingsfromthethreesocietiesinNewGuineaD)genderbehaviorresultsfromcultureratherthanbiology

25.Theauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassageis______.A)todescribethethreedifferentsocietiesinNewGuineaB)tointroduceMargaretMead’shypothesisongenderbehaviorC)

toargueagainsttheopinionthatgenderbehavioristheeffectpurelyofbiologyD)

todemonstratethatgenderbehaviorshouldbethesameinallcultures

PassageTwo

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Hemp(大麻)hasbeencultivatedbymanyculturesforthousandsofyears.Itcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,foodandrope.Formanycenturies,itwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountriesbecauseitwasusedtomaketheropesandcablesusedonsailingships;colonialexpansionandtheestablishmentofaworldwidetradingnetworkwouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp.Nowadays,ships’cablesareusuallymadefromwireorsyntheticfibers,butscientistsaresuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp(纸浆).Accordingtoitsproponents,fourtimesasmuchpapercanbeproducedfromlandusinghempratherthantrees,andmanyenvironmentalistsbelievethatthelarge-scalecultivationofhempcouldreducethepressureonCanada’sforests.However,thereisaproblem:hempisillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.Thisplant,sousefulforfiber,rope,oils,fuelandtextiles,isaspeciesofcannabis(大麻制品),relatedtotheplantfromwhichmarijuana(大麻毒品)isproduced.Inthelate1930s,amovementtobanthedrugmarijuanabegantogatherforce,resultingintheeventualbanningofthecultivationnotonlyoftheplantusedtoproducethedrug,butalsoofthecommercialfiber-producinghempplant.AlthoughbothGeorgeWashingtonandThomasJeffersongrewhempinlargequantitiesontheirownland,anyAmericangrowingtheplanttodaywouldsoonfindhimself/herselfinprison—despitethefactthatmarijuanacannotbeproducedfromthehempplant,sinceitcontainsalmostnoTHC(theactiveingredientinthedrug).Inrecentyears,twomajormovementsforlegalizationhavebeengatheringstrength.OnegroupofactivistsbelievethatALLcannabisshouldbelegal—boththehempplantandthemarijuanaplant—andthattheuseofthedrugmarijuanashouldnotbeanoffense.Theyarguethatmarijuanaisnotdangerousoraddictive,andthatitisusedbylargenumbersofpeoplewhoarenotcriminalsbutproductivemembersofsociety.Theyalsopointoutthatmarijuanaislesstoxicthanalcoholortobacco.Theotherlegalizationmovementisconcernedonlywiththehempplantusedtoproducefiber;thisgroupwantstomakeitlegaltocultivatetheplantandsellthefiberforpaperandpulpproduction.Thissecondgrouphashadamajortriumphrecently:in1997,Canadalegalizedthefarmingofhempforfiber.Forthefirsttimesince1938,hundredsoffarmersareplantingthiscrop,andsoonwecanexpecttoseepulpandpaperproducedfromthisnewsource.

26.Whywasthehempplantessentialtoworld-widetradeinthepast?A)Becauseships’ropesweremadefromit.B)BecausehempwasaveryprofitableexportC)Becausehempwasusedasfuelforships.D)Becausehempwasusedasfoodforsailors.

27.Whydoagriculturaliststhinkthathempwouldbebetterforpaperproductionthantrees?A)

Becauseitischeapertogrowhempthantocutdowntrees.B)

Becausemorepapercanbeproducedfromthesameareaofland.C)

Becausehempproduceshigherqualitypaper.D)

Becausehempcanbemadeintopaper,fuel,oils,textiles,food,andrope.

28.Whywashempbanned?A)

Becauseitwasrelatedtothemarijuanaplant.B)

Becauseitwasillegalinmanycountriesoftheworld.C)

Becauseitwasnolongerausefulcrop.D)Becauseitwasdestructivetotheland.

29.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A)Fiberisapowerfulchemicalingredientofthecannabisplants.B)Someactivistsbelievethatbothmarijuanaandhempshouldbelegal.C)Canadahasjustlegalizedmarijuana.D)

HempwasillegalinGeorgeWashington’sandThomasJefferson’stime.

30.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A)Hempwasessentialtotheeconomiesofmanycountries.B)Hempisillegalinmanycountries.C)Hempplantsarebeinglegalized.D)Alloftheabove.

PartIVCloze(15minutes)Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.

WhatdoesDyslexia(诵读困难症)havetodowithfoodornutrition?Atthe56thAnnualConferenceoftheInternationalDyslexiaAssociationinDenver,Dr.SusanKoger,aprofessorfromWillametteUniversityinOregon,presenteda(n)31paperontherisksofenvironmentaltoxins(毒素)fordevelopinglearningdifferences,32dyslexia.Dr.Kogeremphasizedthathumansare33duringtheirlifetimetopotentialexposure3475,000ormoresyntheticchemicals.Morethan98percentoffamiliesand80percentofpregnantwomenare35tothesepotentialchemicaltoxins.Themetabolites(代谢产物)orbreakdown36ofthesechemicalscanbeidentifiedintheurine(尿)of82percentofadultsand92percentofchildren.Dr.Kogerpostulatedthatbasicallyeveryhumanontheplanethasdetectableamountsofoneormoreofthesetoxinsintheirsystem37onetimeoranother.

Itisourfoodsupplythatisofparticular38,becausethesebio-toxinsbecomeconcentratedastheymaketheirwayupthefoodchain.Forinstance,891pesticideshavebeen39andusedsince1941.Ofthese,523havebeenused40onourfoodoronfeedstoredforanimals.Ofthosethatareusedinourfoodsupply,140are41neuro-toxic(毒害神经的)andcaninjurethebrain.42,theyweredesignedtokillinsectsandrodents.Only12ofthese140neurotoxinshavebeen43forpotentialharmtothebrain.Notestforpotentialbraininjuryfromthesechemicalsis44beforetheyarereleased45use.TheconcernthatDr.Koger’sresearch46,byextrapolation(推断),isthatperhapstheolderteachersmay47parthavebeenright,thatthefrequencyofdyslexiainthestudentpopulationwasindeedonceonlytwoorthreeper-cent.Thefrequencynow48,whichisrealat17to25percent,maybeareflectionoftheincreasedpotentialfordamagetothedevelopingbrainofthefetusornewborninfantortoddler,perhaps49extendingintothefirstfewyearsoflife,50bythetoxicchemicalswehaveputintoourenvironment.Thatisafrighteningconsideration.

31.A)enlightenedB)enlightenC)enlighteningD)lightning32.A)includingB)includeC)includedD)includes33.A)boreB)enduredC)sufferedD)subjected34.A)toB)atC)inD)with35.A)exploredB)importedC)exposedD)exported36.A)productsB)produceC)productionD)providing

37.A)inB)withC)atD)on38.A)concernB)concerningC)concernedD)concerns39.A)devastatedB)developedC)deviledD)deduce

40.A)straightlyB)indirectlyC)increasinglyD)directly

41.A)inclusivelyB)mainlyC)specificallyD)mostly42.A)AfterallB)MoreoverC)FurthermoreD)Beside

43.A)testedB)madeC)improvedD)developed44.A)askedB)requiredC)rehearsedD)released

45.A)toB)forC)inD)with

46.A)putsB)risesC)raisesD)lifts47.A)atB)onC)inD)by

48.A)seesB)seenC)sawD)seeing49.A)sinceB)evenC)yetD)still50.A)reducedB)deducedC)movedD)induced

PartVTranslation(5minutes)Directions:CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbrackets.51.Thereservoiris_________(面积是10年前的3倍).52.___________________(由于天气原因),ourairlineflighthasbeendelayedforoveranhour.53._________________(毫无疑问)thatwarcanbeavoidedifwegetdowntopeacetalk.54.Weshouldfocusontheimprovementofourselves,_______(而不是)pursuingmoneyforluxuriousliving.55.___________(就我看来),fashionbelongstowomen.大学英语四级考试备考练习（参考答案）1.

PartIWriting

Onepossibleversion:

NoSmokinginPublicPlaces

Somesmokersstillbreatheoutcigarettesmokeinpublicplaces,althoughitisnotallowedintheseareas.Afewofthemevenregardsmokingastheirownfreedomandright.

Ithasbeenconfirmedbymanyinternationalmedicalresearchinstitutesthatsmokingisdangerous.Foronething,smokingcanhaveharmfuleffectsonhumans’health.Smokinghasbeenlinkedtoanendlesslistofserioushealthproblemssuchaslungcancer,heartdiseaseandsoon.Foranother,bysmokinginpublicplacesthesmokerisforcingeveryoneinthevicinitytosmoketoo.Foryears,alotofnon-smokershavehadtoenduretheunpleasantexperienceofinhalingstalecigarettesmoke,especiallythosewhoworkinpublicplaces,suchasbarsorrestaurants.

Severalmeasuresshouldbeadoptedtostopsmokinginpublicplaces.First,lawsshouldbemadeindetailandthosewhobreakthelawsshouldbeseverelypunished;second,societyshouldcreateanatmospherewherenosmokingisthesocialnorm.Forthistobesuccessful,overwhelmingpublicsupportisnecessary.PartIIReadingComprehension

(SkimmingandScanning)1.Y。参见第一部分第二段中"Cultureshockcanmakeonedevelopabetterunderstandingofoneselfandstimulatepersonalcreativity."可知,文化冲击可以让人们可以更好地了解自我,激发个人创造力。2.Y。参见第一部分第一段中"Cultureshockcanbedescribedasthefeelingofconfusionanddisorientationthatoneexperienceswhenfacedwithalargenumberofnewandunfamiliarpeopleandsituations."可知,在遇到大量全新而陌生的人或事的情况下,人们会因文化冲击而产生迷惘和困惑的感觉。3.N。参见第二部分第一段中"Inthisfirststage,thenewarrival...aseverythingencounteredisnewandexciting."可知,在第一个阶段里,人们会对全新的环境产生欣喜、兴奋的感觉。4.Y。参见第二部分第三段可知,在第三阶段里,人们会因为对新文化的了解而拥有方向感,并再次产生欣喜的感觉。5.NG。文中并未提到只有年轻人可以避免受到文化冲击。6.Y。参见第二部分第五段中"Thisoccurswhenareturntothecountryoforiginismade.Onemayfindthatthingsarenolongerthesame.Forexample,someofthenewlyacquiredcustomsarenotinuseintheoldculture."可知,在这个阶段里,人们会因难以适应原文化环境而再次感到文化冲击。7.N。参见第三部分第一段中"Themajorityofemigrantindividualsandfamilieshavetheabilitytopositivelyconfronttheobstaclesofanewenvironment."可知,大多数移民个人或移民家庭都能积极地适应新环境。

8.haveafeelingofdirection。参见第二部分第三段中"Thenewarrivalmaynotfeelaslostandstartstohaveafeelingofdirection."。9.contributeto。参见第一部分第一段中"Manythingscontributetoit－smells,sounds,flavorsandtheveryfeelingoftheaironeisbreathing."。10.Payattentionto。参见第三部分中"Payattentiontorelationshipswithyourfamilyandyourcolleagues.Theywillserveassupportforyouindifficulttimes."。PartIIIReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)SectionA11.C)。此处需要一个动词。全句大意为:由相关人士提供的几条巧妙策略可以助你旅途畅通。故选C)offered。12.J)。此处需要一个动词。句意参见上题解析。故选J)smooth。13.E)。此处需要一个名词。全句大意为:你可以上网搜索包办航班,或选择淡季出行,这样可以买到便宜票。故选E)fare,意为"飞机票价,车费"。

14.H)。此处需要一个副词。全句大意为:你最好备有其他航空公司的航班信息,以防遇到机票买不到的情况。15.B)。此处需要一个动词。全句大意为:一旦发现有空位,马上订下来。故选B)reserve,意为"预订,预约"。16.I)。此处需要一个动词。全句大意为:你可以选择早上的航班,以免遇到航班被延误或取消的情况。故选I)avoid。17.K)。此处需要一个介词。全句大意为:一天当中不可预知的麻烦事情会越来越多,所以赶航班趁早,以免延误。18.D)。此处需要一个代词。全句大意为:有什么办法可以保证行李同你一块抵达目的地呢？19.L)。此处需要一个动词。全句大意为:要确定行李标签上写的地方与你要去的地方相符。故选L)match,意为"与……相符或相一致"。20.A)。此处需要一个名词。全句大意为:出行的夫妇可以分装各自的物品,这样可以防止所有的衣物都不翼而飞。故选A)spouse,意为"配偶"。SectionBPassageOne21.A)。通读全文可知,第一段讲MargaretMead的设想:假设男性和女性的行为仅仅只是由生物学意义上的不同导致的,那么不同文化中的两性行为应该是一致的。反过来推理,如果不同文化下的两性行为不相同,则说明性别行为差异更依赖于文化特征而不是生物特征。在第二段中,MargaretMead通过对3个部落的研究,来证明这种设想。第三段论证结果。故选A)。22.C)。参见第二段中"Shefoundthatbothmenandwomenexhibitedcharacteristicsthataretraditionallyconsideredfeminine:theyweresensitivetoeachothers’feelingsandex-pressedemotions."可知,阿拉佩什人男女的行为相似,他们都很感性,善于表达感情。故选C)。23.A)。参见第二段中"Meadfoundthatmalesandfemales...andthewomenweredominantandaggressive."可知,德昌布利人男女的行为相反:男人性格温顺,多愁善感；女人则性格强势,争强好斗。运用排除法。故选A)obedient,意为"服从的"。24.A)。参见第二段中"Inthissecondsociety,bothmenandwomenexhibitedcharacteristicsthataretraditionallyconsideredmale:theywereharshandaggressive."可知,蒙杜古马人部落的男人和女人都表现粗野,具攻击性。故A)中的说法有误。25.B)。纵观全文:第一段阐述MargaretMead的设想；第二段讲述她对3个部落的观察和研究；最后一段则是结论。本文主旨大意是介绍MargaretMead的设想和研究。故选B)。PassageTwo26.A)。参见第一段中"...,itwasessentialtotheeconomies...wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithouthemp."可知,大麻曾被用来制成航船上的绳索和船缆。可以说,如果没有大麻,殖民扩张和全球贸易网络不可能建立。故选A)。27.B)。参见第一段中"...,butscientistsaresuggestingthatthecultivationofhempshouldberevivedfortheproductionofpaperandpulp.Accord