小升初英语语法知识点 12句式 全国通用

句式 一．考点精讲1.陈述句肯定形式变否定形式类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词(am,is,are,was,were)在be动词后直接+notHeisastudent.→Heisn’tastudent.Hewasateacherbefore.→Hewasn’tateacherbefore.谓语动词含有情态动词(can,will,must,should…)在情态动词后直接+notHecanplayfootballwell.→Hecan’tplayfootballwell.谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词在谓语动词(务必用动词原形)前+don’t(原形用)；doesn’t(三单用)；didn’t(过去时用)Ilikeapples.→Idon’tlikeapples.Helikesapples.→Hedoesn’tlikeapples.Ilikedapplesbefore.→Ididn’tlikeapplesbefore.Tips:not与其他词连在一起时，一般写为缩略形式，但amnot不缩写。常见缩略形式如下：isnot=isn’tarenot=aren’twasnot=wasn’twerenot=weren’tdonot=don’tdoesnot=doesn’tdidnot=didn’thavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tshouldnot=shouldn’tmustnot=mustn’tneednot=needn’tcannot=can’twillnot=won’t2.陈述句变一般疑问句类别方法示例谓语动词为be动词(am,is,are,was,were)第一步：把be动词放在句首(Iam/Weare改为Areyou;Iwas/Wewere改为Wereyou)第二步：句号改问号Heiskind.→Ishekind?Iamastudent.→Areyouastudent?Mikewasthinbefore.→WasMikethinbefore?谓语动词含有情态动词(can,will,must,should…)第一步：把情态动词放在句首第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换)Icansing.→Canyousing?I’dlikesometomatoes.→Wouldyoulikesometomatoes?谓语动词为实义动词，且没有情态动词、助动词第一步：在句首加Do/Does/Did,后用动词原形第二步：句号改问号(注意人称的变换)Igotoschoolonfoot.→Doyougotoschoolonfoot?Hegoestoschoolonfoot.→Doeshegotoschoolonfoot?Iwenttoschoolonfoot.→Didyougotoschoolonfoot?Tips:在一般疑问句时，注意人称的变换I,we改为you;my,our改为your除了“CanI…？”“Wouldyoulike…？”这两种的some不用改为any之外，其余疑问句中的some要改为any。3.陈述句变特殊疑问句类别特殊疑问句示例问人WhoHeismyfather.→Whoishe?问谁的……WhoseItisAmy’sbook.→Whosebookisit?问时间WhenWhattimeIgetupatsix.→Whendoyougetup?It’ssixo’clock.→Whattimeisit?问位置WhereTheboyisunderthetree.→Whereistheboy?问原因WhyIlikesummerbecauseIcanswim.→Whydoyoulikesummer?问选择WhichIlikedtheredpen.→Whichpendoyoulike?问事、物WhatThisisanorange.→Whatisthis?IoftenwatchTV.→Whatdoyouoftendo?问爱好WhatIlikesinginganddancing.→Whatareyourhobbies?问颜色WhatcolourThebagisblack.→Whatcolouristhebag?问星期WhatdayTodayisMonday.→Whatdayistoday?问季节WhichWhatIlikesummerbest.→Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Myfavoriteseasonisspring→Whatisyourfavoriteseason?问交通方式HowIgotoschoolonfoot.→Howdoyougotoschool?问年龄HowoldMysisteris12yearsold.→Howoldisyoursister?问数量HowmanyTherearetenapplesonthetree.→Howmanyapplesarethereonthetree问价钱HowmuchTheshoesare60yuan.→Howmucharetheshoes?问体重HowheavyThegirlis35kg.→Howheavyisthegirl?问身高HowtallI’m1.54metres.→Howtallareyou?4.陈述句变感叹句方法示例①找出句子中最后面的单词，看看是名词还是形容词（副词），名词用What，形容词（副词）用How②把What/How放在句首，接着写be动词/动词后面的单词，再写be动词/动词前面的单词和be动词/动词，最后加上感叹号①Sheisatallgirl.(女孩，名词，用What)→Whatatallgirlsheis!(多么高的女孩啊！)②Theyarekindteachers.(老师，名词，用What)→Whatkindteacherstheyare!(多么和蔼的老师们啊！)③Thestoryisfunny.(有趣的，形容词，用How)→Howfunnythestoryis!(多么有趣的故事啊！)④Themandrivesfast.(快，副词，用How)→Howfastthemandrives!(这个男人开车开得好快啊！)5.祈使句类别形式示例肯定祈使句①谓语动词是动词原形Standup.②be+名词短语或形容词①Beagoodboy.②Becareful③let+宾格+动词原形Letmehelpyou.否定祈使句以动词原形和be开头的直接在句首+Don’tSitdown,please.→Don’tsitdown,pleaseBesad.→Don’tbesad.以please开头的祈使句在please后+don’tPleasestop.→Pleasedon’tstop.③let开头的祈使句有两种变化A.直接在let前+Don’tB.Let+宾语+notLet’sgotoschool.→Don’tlet’sgotoschool.→Let’snotgotoschool.④no开头的祈使句Nofinishing.Noswimming.6.therebe句型与have句型类别主要用法例句Therebe（有）表示某地有某物/某人①Therebe+某物/某人+某地.Thereisaboynearthelake.②当句子出现几个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要与最接近be动词的那个主语的单复数保持一致，即“就近原则”Thereisaneggandsomeapplesonthetable.Therearesomeapplesandaneggonthetable.③Therebe+not+某物/某人+某地.Therearenotanychildrenintheclassroom.④Is/Arethere+某物/某人+某地?Isthereanywaterinthecup?⑤