Unit5+语法讲义 人教版英语八年级上册

人教版八年级上册语法知识点-5人教版八年级上册语法unit5动词不定时◎语法精讲考向（1）动词不定式作宾语

1.Doyouwanttowatchagameshow?你想看游戏类节目吗?(教材P33标题)2.IhopetobeaTVreporteroneday.我希望有一天能成为一名电视台记者。(教材P342d)3Whatcan3.Youexpecttolearnfromsitcoms?你期望从情景喜剧中学到什么?(教材P35GrammarFocus)【语法概述】动词不定式(肯定结构:to+动词原形;否定结构:not+to+动词原形)是一种非谓语形式,在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、表语等。后接动词不定式作宾语的常用动词要求选择和同意(ask,choose,agree)期望、决定和学习(expect,decide,learn)宁可、假装和计划(prefer,pretend,plan)希望、想要和愿意(wish,hope,want,wouldlike)例：1.Wechosetogotherebytrain.我们选择了乘火车去那里。2.He'slearningtodance.他正在学跳舞。3.Idecidetoforgiveherbecauseeveryonemakesmistakesinlife.我决定原谅她,因为每个人在生活中都会犯错。[典例]-Whatareyougoingtodotonight?-Iplan_______DaysofOurPast.A.watchB.watchingC.towatchD.watched解析:"你打算今晚干什么?""我打算看《我们过去的日子》。"plantodosth.意为"打算做某事",为固定结构,故选C。【拓展延伸】有些动词后既可接动词不定式作宾语也可接动词-ing作宾语,但两者的意思大不相同。stoptodosth.停下来去做某事Let'sstoptohelptheoldman.我们停下来帮助这位老人吧。stopdoingsth.停止做某事Thebellrangandstudentsstoppedtalking.铃响了,学生们停止谈话。rememberdoingsth记得做过某事Irememberpostingyourletters.我记得寄出了你的信。remembertodosth.记得要做某事Pleaseremembertoposttheletters.请记得寄这几封信。forgettodosth.忘记要做某事Iforgottogotothepostoffice.我忘了去邮局。forgetdoingsth.忘记做过某事Iforgotgoingtothepostoffice我忘了去过邮局了。meantodosth.打算做某事Whatdoyoumeantodo?你打算做什么?meandoingsth.意味着做某事Hiswordsmeanrefusingus.b的话意味着拒绝我们。典例2Pleasestop_____andgooutforawalk.Remember_____warmclothes.A.tostudy;wearingB.studying;towearC.tostudy;towearD.studying;wearing解析:请停止学习,去外面散一下步记得穿上暖和的衣服。stopdoingsth."停止做某事";stoptodosth."停下来去做某事";rememberdoingsth"记得做过某事";remembertodosth."记得去做某事"根据句意可知选B。考向(2)"特殊疑问词+不定式”作宾语decide,know,ask,show,teach,guess,findout等动词(短语)后可接"特殊疑问词+不定式"作宾语,常见的疑问代词有who,whom,what,whichwhose,常见的疑问副词有when,where,how。Wemustknowwhattodonext.我们必须知道下一步该做什么。Hehasn'tdecidedwheretogoforthesummervacation.他还没决定暑假去哪儿。划重点how和what加不定式作宾语的情况:在howtodosth.(名词/代词)中,do后必须带宾语;在whattodo中,what直接作do的宾语划重点考向3it作形式宾语，动词不定式作真正的宾语动词后接不定式作宾语,且宾语补足语是形词时,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语(动词定式)放在句尾。常见的有此用法的动词有:find,make,think,believe,consider等。Ifinditdifficulttodothejobwell.我发现做好工作很困难。【小测】用括号中所给词的适当形式填空1.Wehaveplanned_____(make)aschoolradioprogram.2.Pleaseremember______(post)theletterfortheoldman.5.Shethinksithard_______(learn)mathwell.答案：tomaketoposttolearn单项选择1.-Americanactor,wasalwaysexpecting______anOscarandfinallyhemadeit.A.towinB.winningC.nottowinD.notwinning2.-(Cindy'sgrandmotherislearning_______thenewmobilephone.useB.usesC.usedD.touse3.-Sam,don'tforget_______thebooktothelibrarytomorrow.-0K,Iwon't.A.returnB.returningC.returnedD.toreturn4-Thereisn'tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon'tknow_________.A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich答案：ADDD一、单项选择1．Heneeds________timewithhischild.A．spends B．spending C．tospend D．spend2．Atfirstweplanned________inthetownfortwohours,butintheendwespentawholedayplayingthere.A．staying B．tostay C．stay3．Mygrandfatherdecides________aroundtheworldbecauseheenjoys________newplaces.A．traveling;visiting B．totravel;tovisit C．totravel;visiting D．traveling;tovisit4．Theypracticedhardandexpected________thesoccergame.A．won B．towin C．win D．winning5．Theyoungboyoffered________thegarden.A．clean B．cleaning C．toclean D．cleaned6．Myteacherwants________mewithmyEnglish.A．helping B．help C．tohelp D．helped7．Hehoped_________agoodgradeintheexam.A．toget B．got C．getting D．get8．Annawouldlike________asingerinthefuture.A．is B．be C．being D．tobe9．Johnlikes________.It’ssunnyandhottoday.He’dlike________intheriver.A．toswim;swimming B．swimming;swimmingC．swimming;toswim D．swim:toswim10．Theteachersoftentellustoremember_________offthelightswhenweleavetheclassroom.A．turn B．toturn C．turning D．turned11．Yesterday,Lilyoffered________mybrotherwithhisEnglish,butIdidn’t________her.A．tohelp;agreetoB．helping;agreeto C．tohelp;agreewith D．helping;agreewith12．Don’tforget________themachineafteryouuseit.A．toclean B．cleaning C．cleaned D．clean13．Youcanchoose_______somethingenjoyable______theshop______yourfather’sgift（物）.A．buying;of;to B．tobuy;from;onC．tobuy;from;as D．buying;of;to14．Whatdoesshewant________whenshe________?A．is;aregoingtogrowup B．tobe;growsupC．tobe;growup D．being;aregoingtogrowup15．Youmustpromise________othersbeforeItellyou.A．totell B．telling C．nottotell D．nottelling二、用所给单词的正确形式填空16．Iwish(get)thefirstprizeinthetest.17．Remember(bring)methebookwhenyoucome.18．Iamgoingtolearn(swim)nextsummer.19．Myfatherpromised(buy)aniphoneforme.20．Ifoundithardforme(improve)spokenEnglish.21．Hefailed(keep)theappointment(约会).22．You’resupposed(say)sorrytoher.23．I’dlike(take)abusinsteadofataxi.24．Heneeds(have)agoodrest.25．Thebabygirllearnedhow(count)thenumbersattheageof3.参考答案：1．C【详解】句意：他需要花时间和孩子在一起。考查非谓语动词。needtodosth“需要做某事”，故选C。2．B【详解】句意：起初我们计划在城里待两个小时，但最后我们在那里玩了一整天。考查非谓语动词。plantodosth.“计划做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选B。3．C【详解】句意：我爷爷决定去世界旅行，因为他很享受参观新地方。考查动词的用法。根据“decides”和“enjoys”可知，decidetodosth.表示“决定做某事”；enjoydoingsth.表示“享受做某事”，故选C。4．B【详解】句意：他们努力练习，期望赢得足球比赛。考查非谓语动词。expecttodosth“期望做某事”，因此空处填不定式。故选B。5．C【详解】句意：这个小男孩主动提出要打扫花园。考查非谓语动词。offertodosth.“主动提出做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故选C。6．C【详解】句意：我的老师想要在英语方面帮助我。考查动词不定式作宾语。wanttodosth.“想要做某事”为固定搭配，即动词want后只能接动词不定式作宾语。故选C。7．A【详解】句意：他希望在期末考试中取得好成绩。考查非谓语动词。toget动词不定式；got动词过去式；getting动词现在分词；get动词原形。根据“Hehoped…agoodgradeintheexam.”可知，此处是固定短语hopetodosth.表示希望做某事。故选A。8．D【详解】句意：安娜未来想成为一名歌手。考查动词不定式作宾语。动词短语wouldliketodosth表示“想要做某事”，动词be的不定式为tobe，在句中作宾语。故选D。9．C【详解】句意：约翰喜欢游泳。今天阳光明媚，天气炎热。他想在河里游泳。考查非谓语动词。likedoing/todosth.“喜欢做某事”，排除D；wouldliketodosth.“想要做某事”，排除AB。故选C。10．B【详解】句意：老师经常告诉我们离开教室时要记得关灯。考查动词不定式。turn转动，动词原形；toturn转动，动词不定式；turning转动，动词现在分词/动名词；turned转动，动词过去式。remembertodo“记得去做某事”，固定搭配，符合语境，故选B。11．C【详解】句意：昨天，莉莉主动提出帮我弟弟学英语，但我不同意。考查动词短语。tohelp动词不定式；agreeto同意，表示同意某建议/计划或同意做某事；helping帮助，动名词/现在分词；agreewith同意，表示同意某人或某人的意见。根据“Yesterday,Lilyoffered...mybrotherwithhisEnglish,butIdidn’t...her.”可知，offertodosth表示“主动提出做某事”，空处需填“不定式to+动词原形”，help“帮助”，动词，排除B和D；又因her，为某人，agreewithsb表示“同意某人”。故选C。12．A【详解】句意：你用完机器后，别忘了清理它。考查动词不定式用法。toclean动词不定式；cleaning动名词或现在分词；cleaned动词过去式；clean动词原形。forgettodosth意为“忘记去做某事”，事情还未做；forgetdoingsth意为“忘记做过某事”，事情已做。根据“Don’tforget…themachineafteryouuseit.”可知本句是提醒对方记得清理机器，事情应是未做，空处应填动词不定式，故选A。13．C【详解】句意：你可以从这家店选择去买一些令人愉悦的东西作为你父亲的礼物。考查介词辨析及非谓语。choosetodosth“选择做某事”，排除AD；from从，of……的；as作为；to到；on在……上面。根据句意是fromtheshop“从这家店”；asyourfather’sgift“作为你父亲的礼物”。故选C。14．B【详解】句意：她长大后想做什么？考查非谓语动词以及主谓一致。wanttobe“想成为”，排除AD；主语是she，谓语动词用单三，排除C。故选B。15．C【详解】句意：你必须答应在我告诉你之前不告诉别人。考查非谓语动词。promise(not)todosth“承诺（不）做某事”，是固定短语。根据“othersbeforeItellyou.”可知