温州大学人文学院909英语教学法专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2015年温州大学904英语教学法考研真题及详解

2016年温州大学904英语教学法考研真题及详解

2017年温州大学904英语教学法考研真题及详解

2018年温州大学904英语教学法考研真题及详解

2015年温州大学904英语教学法考

研真题及详解

PartⅠNotionExplaining(20points,2pointsforeach)

Directions:Explainthefollowingtennotions.

1.communicativecompetence

【答案】Communicativecompetenceincludesboththeknowledgeabout

thelanguageandtheknowledgeabouthowtousethelanguageappropriately

incommunicativesituations.Speakersnotonlyhavetoknowfunctional

meaningofthelanguagebutalsothesocialcontextwherethemessageis

given.Therearefivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence,namely,

linguisticcompetence,pragmaticcompetence,discoursecompetence,

strategiccompetence,andfluency.

2.curriculum

【答案】Curriculumreferstoaspecificdocumentofalanguageprogram

developedforaparticularcountryorregion,whichprovides:①general

statementsabouttherationaleaboutlanguage,languagelearningand

languageteaching,②detailedspecificationofaims,objectivesandtargets

learningpurpose,and③implementationsofaprogram.Insomesense,a

syllabusispartofacurriculum.

3.hiddenresources

【答案】Therearealotofresourcesthatexistaroundusinthe

classroomwhichareveryvaluableforteachingandlearningbutarenotbeing

recognizedorfullyexploredandtheseresourcesarecalledhiddenresources.

Theyincludethingslikeourowngestures,facialexpressions,imagination,

creativity,ourownemotions,ourenvironment,andourknowledgeandskills.

4.in-the-useevaluationoftextbooks

【答案】Forin-the-useevaluation,evaluationisdonebasedonthe

users’opinionsi.e.teachers’aswellaslearners’,abouthowusefuland

effectiveitisforpromotinglearning.Usually,suchevaluationwilltakethe

formofinterviewsandquestionnaires.

5.thedirectmethod

【答案】Thedirectmethodofteaching,whichissometimescalledthe

naturalmethod,andisoften(butnotexclusively)usedinteachingforeign

languages,refrainsfromusingthelearners’nativelanguageandusesonlythe

targetlanguage.Itcontrastswiththegrammar-translationmethodandother

traditionalapproaches,aswellaswithbilingualmethod.

6.knowingaword

【答案】Knowingawordmeansknowingitspronunciationandstress;

knowingitsspellingandgrammaticalproperties;knowingitsmeaning;

knowinghowandwhentouseittoexpresstheintendedmeaning.

7.thebottom-upmodelforteachinglistening

【答案】Thebottom-upmodelforteachinglisteningholdsthatlistening

comprehensionisbelievedtostartwithsoundandmeaningrecognitions.In

otherwords,weuseinformationinthespeechitselftotrytocomprehendthe

meaning.Listenersconstructmeaningofwhattheyhearbasedonthesound

theyhear.

8.aprocessapproachtowriting

【答案】Differentfromproduct-orientedwritingwhichpaysgreat

attentiontotheaccuracyofthefinalproductbutignorestheprocess,which

thestudentsgothroughtoreachthefinalgoal,aprocessapproachtowriting

referstothewritingapproachthatrequiresthattheteacherprovidestoguide

studentsthroughtheprocessthattheyundergowhentheyarewritingandthis

kindofguidanceshouldbegraduallywithdrawnsothatthestudentscan

finallybecomeindependentwriters.

9.interactionalview(onlanguage)

【答案】Theinteractionalviewoflanguageseeslanguageprimarilyas

themeansforestablishingandmaintaininginterpersonalrelationshipsandfor

performingsocialtransactionsbetweenindividuals.Thetargetoflanguage

learningintheinteractionalviewislearningtoinitiateandmaintain

conversationswithotherpeople.

10.brainstorming

【答案】Brainstormingisoneofthemajorstepsinprocesswriting,

whichmeansstudentsworktogethertobrainstormideasforwriting,students

canlistalltheideasrelatedtothetopiconapieceofpaperoronthe

blackboard.

PartⅡStatementJudging(20points,1pointforeach)

Directions:Readthefollowing20statements,anddecidewhichoneof

themistrueorfalse.Ifthestatementistrue,putTinthebrackettotheright

ofthesentence;iffalse,putFinthebracket.

1.Languageisasystemofarbitrary,vocalsymbolswhichpermitall

peopleinagivenculture,orotherpeoplewhohavelearnedthesystemofthat

culture,tocommunicateortointeract.(Finocchiaro,1964:8)

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语言的含义。菲诺基亚罗将语言定义为一个任意

的声音符号系统，允许一个特定文化中的所有人，或该文化之外的人通

过学习该系统实现交流或互动。因此该表述正确。

2.Thefunctionalviewnotonlyseeslanguageasalinguisticsystembut

alsoameansforrememberingthings.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查功能主义语言观。功能主义语言理论也叫语言交

际理论，它认为语言是表达功能意义的工具。功能主义理论不仅把语言

看作语言系统，同时把语言看成是做事的方式。因此该表述有误。

3.Communicativecompetenceincludesknowledgeofwhattosay,

when,how,where,andtowhom.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查交际能力的含义。交际能力既包括语言知识能

力，也包括如何在交际环境中恰当地使用语言的能力。说话者不仅要知

道语言的功能意义，还要知道语言使用的社会情境。因此该表述正确。

4.CommunicativeLanguageTeachingis,infact,afurtherdevelopment

oftask-basedLanguageTeaching.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查任务型教学和交际法教学的关系。任务型教学法

是交际法的一种新的形态，是交际法的发展，它和交际法都以实际生活

中的语言使用为中心，但强调将语言形式教学和交际教学结合起来。因

此该表述有误。

5.APPPcycleleadsfromaccuracytofluency;aTBLcycleleadsfrom

fluencytoaccuracy(combinedwithfluency).

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查3P教学模式和任务型教学法的差异。3P模式注重

语言的形式，有利于实现语言使用的准确性，但其最终目的是由准确到

流畅；而任务型教学法的主要目标是提高学生的交际能力，因此更关注

语言使用的流畅性，因此其最终目的是由流畅到准确。因此该表述正

确。

6.Teachingobjectivesshouldfocusontheteachers’performancerather

thanthelearners’.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查教学目标的核心。教学目标指的是教师应明确在

课堂结束后学生应具备的能力，教学目标应侧重学习者的表现。因此该

表述有误。

7.Todevelopstudents’communicativecompetencemeanstodevelop

theirlinguisticcompetence,pragmaticcompetence,discoursecompetence,

strategiccompetence,andaccuracy.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查交际能力的组成部分。交际能力包括语言能力、

语用能力、语篇能力、策略能力以及流利程度。题干中的准确度不是其

组成部分。因此该表述有误。

8.TheFive-stepTeachingMethodincludessuchstepsasRevision,

Presentation,Practice,ProductionandConsolidation.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查五步教学模式的内容。五步教学模式包括热身；

介绍；训练；巩固；总结和作业。因此该表述有误。

9.Theimpactofmoraleducationcanbeenhancedbyadaptingawhole

schoolapproachtomorality.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查语言教学中德育的发展。德育的成效可以通过采

用一整套学校教育方法来强化。学校社区的所有成员（教师、学生、管

理员、家长等）都应致力于学校的道德建设，并对道德观念有着相同的

理解。题干中“通过改编”的表述不准确。因此该表述有误。

10.Oneofthepossibleassessmentpurposesistodiscoverlearners’

weaknesses.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查教学评价的目的。英语教学中的评价旨在探索学

生在学习的某个阶段所学的知识和能力。管理者、教师、家长和学生出

于各自的理由都需要评价。因此该表述正确。

11.Itisassumedthatspeechvariesindifferentsocialcircumstancesand

thattherearespeechvarietieswithinaspeechcommunity.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语言变体的含义。语言变体指由具备相同社会特

征的人在相同的社会环境中所普遍使用的某种语言表现形式。语言变体

广泛存在，即使在同一个言语社区也存在语言变体。因此该表述正确。

12.Languageandsocietyareinmanywayscloselylinked,eitherin

educationorinsocialscience.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语言和社会的关系。语言和社会紧密相连，语言

产生于社会，并随着社会的发展而发展，是对社会的反映。因此该表述

正确。

13.Stern(1999)thinksthatlanguageteachinghasinteractedforalong

timewithlinguisticsandwithpsychology,andthatsocialscienceand

languageteachinghaveonlyrecentlycomeintocontactwitheachother.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查斯特恩的语言教学观。斯特恩曾指出结构主义语

言学、乔姆斯基语言学和新弗斯学派为对教学法影响最大的学派。新弗

斯学派主要指韩礼德的系统功能语言学，其中包含对语言和社会的探

讨，故对语言教学和社会科学的关系的讨论并非最近兴起。因此该表述

有误。

14.Languageteachingcanbedefinedastheactivitieswhichare

intendedtobringaboutlanguagelearning.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语言教学的含义。语言教学可以被定义为能够激

发语言学习的活动。因此该表述正确。

15.Controlledactivitiesmainlyfocusonformandaccuracy.Teachers

don’thavetoconsidermeaningwhendesigningthem.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查口语教学中的可控制活动。可控制活动重视语言

的形式和准确性。使学生关注语言的某些结构或功能，以便他们能够准

确地说出语言。但是可控制活动要求教师在设计过程中采用有意义的方

式。因此该表述有误。

16.Thesuccessofrole-playsareaffectedbythefollowingfactors:the

teacher’senthusiasm;carefulinstructions;clearsituationsandroles.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查影响角色扮演活动成功的因素。角色扮演的成功

受到以下因素的影响:老师的热情;细心的指导;明确的情况和角色；以及

确保学生掌握了角色扮演中所需用的语言知识。因此该表述不全面。

17.Readingaloudwithoutcomprehensioncanbeverydifficultandit

caneasilydestroystudents’self-confidence.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查朗读的意义。朗读有其自身的优势，但若朗读过

程中不加理解，学生的阅读过程将会十分困难，并容易打击学生阅读的

自信心。因此该表述正确。

18.Forsilentreading,weneedeffectivestrategiessuchasskimming,

scanning,predicting.etc.tohelpusextractinformationefficiently.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查有效默读的策略。要想实现有效的默读，学会要

采取一些阅读策略，例如略读，扫读和预测来高效提取信息。因此该表

述正确。

19.Assessmentispartoftesting,butitisonlyonemeansofgathering

informationaboutastudent.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查评价和测试的差异。测试通常是“笔纸”形式，通

常发生在一个学习阶段末尾，如单元测试、期中测试和期末测试等。评

价包括收集一段时间内学生学习进步的信息或证据，从而改进教学。评

价比测试更重要。因此该表述有误。

20.Summativeassessmentismainlybasedontesting.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查终结性评价的参考依据。终结性评价主要以测试

为基础，大部分在每学年的学期末进行。因此该表述正确。

PartⅢQuestionanswering(30points,5pointsforeach)

Directions:Answereachofthefollowing6questions.Youranswersare

suggestedtoshowthebasicprinciplesorconnotationscontainedinthe

questions.

1.Howistask-basedLanguageTeachingdifferentfromCommunicative

LanguageTeaching?

【答案】Task-basedLanguageTeachingisarecentlydeveloped

approachinlinewithCommunicativeLanguageTeaching.Itstressesholistic

andrealisticinputandoutputandthefocusisonthestudents’learning,rather

thanonasetofdiscretelanguageknowledge,andthetaskscancontributeto

whole-persondevelopment—notjustlinguisticdevelopment.InTBLT,itis

importanttohaveabalancebetweenthefocusonholisticcommunicationand

thefocusonform(i.e.individuallanguagepoints).Besides,inTBLT,the

taskplaysanimportantroleinpromotingthelearningprocess.Ataskisa

pieceofworkundertakenforoneselforforothers,freelyorforsomereward,

ataskcanholddifferentmeaningsfordifferentpeople.Therearefour

componentsofatask,thatis,purpose,context,processandproduct,thusin

task-basedlanguageteaching,studentsaregiventheopportunitiestouse

languageinrealtaskswhichisusefulforthemtoknowhowtousethetarget

languageappropriatelyandproperlyinreallife.

【答题思路】首先明确表明两种教学法的关系：任务型教学是对交

际法教学的进一步发展，二者在本质上都是一样的，但二者教学过程中

的侧重点存在差异，从这个角度分析即可。

2.WhatarethedifferencesbetweenaweakversionofCommunicative

LanguageTeachingandstrongversionofCommunicativeLanguage

Teaching?AndhowshouldweapplytheminEnglishteaching?

【答案】HowattproposesaweakandastrongversionofCLT.Withthe

weakversion,learnersfirstacquirelanguageasastructuralsystemandthen

learnhowtouseitincommunication.ThestrongversionofCLTclaimsthat

“languageisacquiredthroughcommunication’.Thismeansthatlearners

discoverthestructuralsystemintheprocessoflearninghowtocommunicate.

Inotherwords,theweakversionregardsovertteachingoflanguageforms

andfunctionsasnecessarymeansforhelpinglearnerstodeveloptheability

tousethemforcommunicationwhereasthestrongversionregards

experiencesofusingthelanguageasthemainmeansornecessaryconditions

forlearningalanguageastheyprovidetheexperienceforlearnerstoseehow

languageisusedincommunication.Thus,inEnglishteaching,weshould

makeabalancebetweenstrongandweakversionofcommunicativelanguage

teaching,thatis,intheinitialstage,weshouldmakethebestuseofweak

communicativelanguageteachingtomakesurethelearnersgetcommandof

thebasiclinguisticlanguageandinthedevelopmentstage,itisusefulto

adoptthestrongversionsothatthelearnerscanbemorecompetentin

languagelearning.

【答题思路】首先分别分析交际法教学中的强弱两种版本的含义，

然后结合二者的差异合理平衡使用已达到最佳的教学效果。

3.Whatcomponentsdoesalanguagelessonplanusuallyhave?Howto

usetheminlanguageteaching?

【答案】

(1)Alanguagelessonplanisaframeworkofalessoninwhichteachers

makeadvancerdecisionsaboutwhattheyhopetoachieveandhowthey

wouldliketoachieveit.Properlessonplanningisessentialforboth

novice/beginnerandexperiencedteachers.Thereareeightcomponentsofa

lessonplan,namely,backgroundinformation,teachingaims,language

contentsandskills,stagesandprocedures,teachingaids,endoflesson

summary,optionalactivitiesandassignmentsandafterlessonreflection.

(2)Inordertomakegooduseofthesecomponents,theteachersare

requiredtohaveaclearunderstandingofthemeaningsofthesecomponents

first.Forexample,theteachingaimsmeanthattheteachermustknowwhat

hisorherstudentsareabletoachievebytheendofthelessonsoteaching

objectivesshouldfocusonthelearnersperformance.Ontheotherhand,the

teachershouldusethesecomponentsflexibly,whichmeansthatheorshe

doesn’thavetoincludeallthesecomponentsinonelessonandshoulduse

themaccordingtotheconcreteteachingcontexts.

【答题思路】首先解释课程计划的含义以及具体的组成部分，然后

提出合理利用这些组成部分的要求和建议。

2016年温州大学904英语教学法考

研真题及详解

PartⅠNotionExplaining(20points,2pointsforeach)

Directions:Explainthefollowingtennotions.

1.field-dependence(acognitivestyle)

【答案】Fielddependenceisonetypeofcognitivestylesandfield-

dependenceindividualshavedifficultyinseparatingincominginformation

fromitscontextualsurroundingsandaremorelikelytobeinfluencedby

externalcuesandtobenon-selectiveintheirinformationuptake.

2.secondlanguage

【答案】Asecondlanguageisalanguagethatislearnedinadditiontoa

person’smothertongue,orfirstlanguage.“Second”canrefertoanylanguage

thatislearnedsubsequenttothemothertongue,thusitcanalsorefertothe

learningofathirdorfourthlanguage.Secondlanguagemaybeacquiredby

absorptionbecauseitisspokeninthehome,oractivelypursuedbytaking

courses.Themorethesecondlanguagediffersfromaperson’smothertongue

intermsofalphabetandgrammar,themoredifficultitwillbetolearn.

3.foreignlanguage

【答案】Aforeignlanguageisalanguageindigenoustoanothercountry.

Itisalsoalanguagenotspokeninthenativecountryofthepersonreferred

to.Foreignlanguageisalittledifferentfromsecondlanguage.Asecond

languagemeansitisthesecondlanguageusedinthesamecountryandithas

anofficiallanguageandasecondone,whileforeignlanguagemeansitis

taughtasalanguagenotusedastheofficiallanguagebysomemembers

withinthecountry.

4.thesixdesigningprinciplesfortheNationalEnglishCurriculum

【答案】

①Aimforeducatingallstudents,andemphasizequality-oriented

education.

②Promotelearner-centeredness,andrespectindividualdifferences.

③Developcompetence-basedobjectives,andallowflexibilityand

adaptability.

④Paycloseattentiontothelearningprocess,andadvocateexperiential

learningandparticipation.

⑤Attachparticularimportancetoformativeassessment,andgive

specialattentiontothedevelopmentofcompetence.

⑥Optimizelearningresources,andmaximizeopportunitiesforlearning

andusingthelanguage.

5.lessonplan

【答案】Alessonplanisaframeworkofalessoninwhichteachers

makeadvancedecisionsaboutwhattheyhopetoachieveandhowthey

wouldliketoachieveit.Lessonplanningmeansmakingdecisionsinadvance

aboutwhattechniques,activitiesandmaterialswillbeusedintheclass.

6.theinductivemethod(ingrammarteaching)

【答案】Theinductivemethodingrammarteachingmeansthatthe

teacherprovideslearnerswithauthenticlanguagedataandinducesthe

learnerstorealizegrammarruleswithoutanyformofexplicitexplanation.

7.introversion

【答案】Introversionisthestateofbeingpredominantlyinterestedin

one’sownmentalself.Introvertsaretypicallyperceivedasmorereservedor

reflective.Introvertsarecharacterizedaspeoplewhoseenergytendsto

expandthroughreflectionanddwindleduringinteraction.Introvertsoften

takepleasureinsolitaryactivities

8.extroversion

【答案】Extraversionisthestateofprimarilyobtaininggratification

fromoutsideoneself.Extravertstendtoenjoyhumaninteractionsandtobe

enthusiastic,talkative,assertive,andgregarious.Extravertsareenergizedand

thriveoffbeingaroundotherpeople.Theytakepleasureinactivitiesthat

involvelargesocialgatherings.

9.receptivevocabulary

【答案】Receptivevocabulary,alsocalledpassivevocabulary,refersto

wordsthatoneisabletorecognizeandcomprehendinreadingorlistening

butunabletouseautomaticallyinspeakingorwriting.

10.productivevocabulary

【答案】Productivevocabulary,alsocalledactivevocabulary,refersto

wordsthatoneisnotonlyabletorecognizebutalsoabletouseinspeechand

writingareconsideredasone’sproductive/activevocabulary.

PartⅡStatementJudging(20points,1pointforeach)

Directions:Readthefollowing20statements,anddecidewhichoneof

themistrueorfalse.Ifthestatementistrue,putTinthebrackettotheright

ofthesentence;iffalse,putFinthebracket.

1.Theanswertothequestion“Whatislanguage”isthebasisfor

syllabusdesign,teachingmethodology,teachingandassessmentprocedures

intheclassroom.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语言观的重要性。语言观是教学大纲设计，教学

法，教学和评估程序的基础。因此该表述正确。

2.Differentviewsgeneratethesameteachingmethodologies.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查语言观对教学法的影响。不同的语言观会产生不

同的教学法。因此该表述有误。

3.Theprimaryphaseisdesignedintotwolevels.Level1coversGrade3

andGrade4,Level2coversGrade7andGrade8.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查小学课程设置的两个层级。第一层级包括三、四

年级，第二层级包括五、六年级。因此该表述有误。

4.RobertsonandAcklam(ibid)proposethreeadditionalelementsfora

goodlesson.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查课程计划的相关知识。Robertson和Acklam提出了

一门卡的课程的另外三个因素，即“engage”“study”和“activate”。因此该

表述正确。

5.AccordingtoRobertsonandAcklam(ibid),thethreeadditional

elementsforagoodlessonareE.S.A.‘E’standsforengage,‘S’standsfor

students,and‘A’standsforactivate.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查课程计划的相关知识。由上题可知，“S”代

表“study”。因此该表述有误。

6.Disciplineinthelanguageclassroomreferstoacodeofconduct

whichseparatesateacherandagroupofstudentssothatlearningcanbe

moreeffective.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查纪律的含义。纪律指的是一种行为准则，它将教

师和学生紧密联系在一起，以提高学习的有效性，而不是将教师与学生

分离开来。因此该表述有误。

7.Displayquestionsarethosethattheanswersarealreadyknowntothe

teacher.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查课堂提问中的展示性问题。展示性问题是指那些

老师知道答案，用来检验学生是否也知道答案的问题。因此该表述正

确。

8.Displayquestionsareusedforcheckingifstudentsknowtheanswers.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查课堂提问中的展示性问题。展示性问题的目的在

于检验学生是否知道正确答案。因此该表述正确。

9.Genuinequestionsarequestionswhichareusedtofindoutdated

information.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查课堂提问中的真实性问题。真实性问题用于探索

新的信息，更加注重交流，而不是发现旧信息。因此该表述有误。

10.Sincegenuinequestionsoftenreflectrealcontexts,theyaretherefore

lesscommunicative.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查课堂提问中的真实性问题。真实性问题用于探索

新的信息，更加注重交流。因此该表述有误。

11.Amistakereferstoacompetenceerrorthatiseitherarandomguess

or‘aslipoftongue’.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查“mistake”的含义。“mistake”着重指由于理解、认

识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误。它与语言能力没有关

系。这种错误是可以自己纠正的。题干将其视为与语言能力有关。因此

该表述有误。

12.Amistakeisafailureperformancetoaknownsystem.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查“mistake”的含义。由上题解析可知，该表述正

确。

13.Amistakehasnothingtodowiththelanguagecompetence,buta

resultfromatemporarybreakdown.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查“mistake”的含义。由第12题解析可知，该表述正

确。

14.Whenamistakeischallengedorgivenenoughattention,itcannotbe

self-corrected.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查“mistake”的含义。由第12题解析可知，该表述有

误。

15.Anerrorhasindirectrelationwiththelearners’language

competence.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查“error”的含义。“error”表示由于缺乏目标语的语言

知识所犯的错误，这样的错误自己无法纠正，与语言能力有直接的联

系。因此该表述有误。

16.Errorsdonotresultfromcarelessnessnorhesitation,butlackof

knowledgeinthetargetlanguage.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查“error”的含义。根据上题解析可知，该表述正

确。

17.Languageerrorscanbeself-correctednomatterhowmuchattention

isgiven.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查“error”的含义。根据第15题解析可知，该表述有

误。

18.Phoneticrulesregardingwhatsoundsaletteroraclusterofletters

shouldbepronouncedshouldbeavoidedintroducingatthebeginningstage,

especiallyforyounglearners.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语音教学的要求。发音规则对语音教学十分有

益，但应在合适的阶段进行教学，尤其是要避免年龄较小的学习者。因

此该表述正确。

19.Stressandintonationshouldbetaughtattheverybeginning.

【答案】T

【解析】本题考查语音教学的要求。重音和语调应在语音教学的最

开始阶段就开始进行。因此该表述正确。

20.Stressandintonationarenotasimportantasthesoundsthemselves.

【答案】F

【解析】本题考查语音教学的要求。重音和语调在语音教学中跟发

音本身一样重要。因此该表述有误。

PartⅢQuestionAnswering(30points,5pointsforeach)

Directions:Answereachofthefollowing6questions.Youranswersare

suggestedtoshowthebasicprinciplesorconnotationscontainedinthe

questions.

1.WhydoesStern,theauthorofthebookFundamentalConceptsof

LanguageTeachingthinkthatweregardtheuseoftheterm‘language

acquisition’asofnotheoreticalsignificanceandtreatitaspurelystylistic

alternativeto‘languagelearning’?

【答案】BecauseSternthinksthat“languageacquisition”equalswith

languagelearning.Sternusespsychologicalapproachtoviewinglanguage

learning.Hesaidthatourthinkingonlearningisinevitablyinfluencedbythe

psychologicalknowledgethatispartofthecommonunderstandingofhuman

behaviourinourculture.Nodoubt,suchpsychologicaltermsas

‘remembering’,‘forgetting’,‘skill’,‘motivation’,‘frustration’,‘inhibitions’

andsoonwillformpartofourlanguagelearning.Inthisbook,theauthor

wasalwaysmentioninglanguagelearningandhadnevermentioned

“languageacquisition”.Hethinksalllanguagelearningisconsciousandgoes

throughsuchprocessesasremembering,forgetting,skill,motivationandso

on.

2.Whatarethefivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetence

discussedbyHedge?Writetheimplicationsofeachofthesecomponentsfor

languageteaching.

【答案】

(1)Thefivecomponentsofcommunicativecompetencediscussedby

Hedgeincludelinguisticcompetence,pragmaticcompetence,discourse

competence,strategiccompetence,andfluency.

(2)Teachingimplications:①Linguisticcompetenceisconcernedwith

knowledgeofthelanguageitself,itsformandmeaning,thusinlanguage

teaching,thebasislanguageknowledgeshouldbepaidenoughattention.

②Pragmaticcompetencereferstotheappropriateuseofthelanguagein

socialcontextandthisgivestheimplicationforteachingthatteachersshould

stressthecontextualuseandfunctionsofthelanguageinteachingby

designingvariouscommunicativeandauthenticactivitiesinclassroom.

③Discoursecompetencereferstoone’sabilitytocreatecoherentwrittentext

orconversationandtheabilitytounderstandthem,whichimplicatesthatin

languageteachingitisimportanttoencouragestudentstousethetarget

languageinasmoothwayandtopracticewritingintargetlanguage.

④Strategiccompetencereferstostrategiesoneemployswhenthereis

communicationbreakdownduetolackofresources.Thusinteachingsome

communicationstrategiesliketopic-selecting,turn-taking,correctingandso

onshouldbetaughtandlearnedthroughclassroomactivities.⑤Fluency

meansone’sabilityto‘linkunitsofspeechtogetherwithfacilityandwithout

strainorinappropriateslownessorunduehesitation’.Thatmeansinclass

teachersshouldencouragethestudentstousethetargetlanguageto

communicatetodeveloptheirfluencyandbetoleranttotheirerrorsonone

hand.Ontheotherhand,theyshouldtakeappropriatewaystocorrectsoasto

achieveaccuracy.

3.AccordingtoProf.WangQiang,inwhatwaysareEnglishteachers

whoarefacedwiththenewcurriculumexpectedtochange?

【答案】

(1)Haveanopenmindtowardsdifferentkindsofideasaboutand

approachestoteaching;

(2)Bewillingtotryoutnewideasandfindoutiftheyworkornot.If

not,whynot.Bepreparedtosharewithcolleaguesyourdifficultiesor

successes;

(3)Trytofindopportunitiestoattendtraining,seminarsonlanguage

teachingandobservationsofteaching.Youcanalwayslearnalotfrom

others;

(4)Usetheresourcesavailabletohelpyouwithteachingandself-

learning;

(5)Reflectonyourownteachingandbeliefsaboutteaching.Ifatall

possible,keepateachingdiarytorecordthequestionsthatarisefromyour

teachingandyourownunderstandingsaboutteaching.Youwillfindthese

notessubconsciouslyfocusingyourattentiononsolvingproblemsonaday-

to-daybasisandyouwillfindyourselfchangingintheprocessofteaching

andreflecting.

4.Bloom’staxonomyclassifiesthequestiontypesintosix.Whatarethe

sixquestiontypes?Whatisthesignificanceifeachofthemisusedina

languageclassroom?

【答案】

(1)Thesixquestiontypes:①Knowledge:recallingfacts,terms,and

basicconcepts;②Comprehension:understandingoffactsandideasby

organizing,comparing,translating,interpreting,describing,andstatingthe

mainideas;③Application:applyingacquiredknowledge,facts,techniques

andrulesinadifferentcontext;④Analysis:identifyingrelationships,causes

ormotives,andfindingevidencetosupportmainideas;⑤Synthesis:

combiningelementsinadifferentwayandproposingalternativesolutions,

creativethinking;⑥Evaluation:presentanddefendopinionsbymakingan

informedjudgementaboutinformationorideasbasedonasetofcriteria.

(2)Thesignificance:①Studentsareabletoexpandtheirknowledge

points;②Students’comprehendingabilitycanbeimproved;③Makingthe

learningmoreempirical;④Improvingtheanalyticalabilityofstudents;

⑤Helpingstudentsdeveloptheirdialecticalthinking;⑥Helpingteachersto

getfeedbackfromthestudentsandmakingassessment.

5.Thedeductivemethodreliesonreasoning,analyzing,andcomparing.

Teacherswouldliketousethemethodtoteachgrammar.Whatweaknesses

andmeritsdoesthemethodhave?

【答案】

(1)Weaknesses:itteachesgrammarinanisolatedway;littleattentionis

paidtomeaning;practiceisoftenmechanical.

(2)Merits:First,itcouldbeverysuccessfulwithselectedandmotivated

students.Second,itcouldsavetimewhenstudentsareconfrontedwitha

grammarrulewhichiscomplexbutwhichhastobelearned.Third,itmay

helpincreasestudents’confidenceinthoseexaminationswhicharewritten

withaccuracyasthemaincriterionofsuccess.

6.Shouldtheteacheruseamultiple-choicecomprehensionquestionin

thepost-listeningactivity?Whyorwhynot?

【答案】No,theteachershouldnotusemultiple-choicecomprehension

questionsinthepost-listeningactivity.Themultiple-choicecomprehension

questionisthemosttypicaltypeofpost-listeningtaskintraditionallistening

classandthistypeoftaskmaypreparestudentstotakemultiple-choicetests,

itdoeslittletohelpthemdevelopgoodlisteninghabitsandstrategies.Thus

theteach