局部解剖之腹部腹壁解剖英文版

局部解剖之腹部腹壁解剖英文版IntroductionAnatomyoftheAbdominalWallSurfaceAnatomyoftheAbdominalWallMusclesoftheAbdominalWallClinicalApplicationsofAbdominalWallAnatomy01IntroductionTheabdominalwallisacrucialpartofthebody,providingstrengthandprotectiontotheabdominalorgans.Itsstructureandfunctionarehighlycomplex,makingathoroughunderstandingofitsanatomyessentialforsurgeonsandanatomists.BackgroundAknowledgeofabdominalwallanatomyiscrucialforsurgeonsasitaidsinsurgicalprocedures,particularlythoseinvolvingtheabdominalcavity.Italsoaidsintheunderstandingofdiseasesandconditionsthataffecttheabdominalwall,allowingforaccuratediagnosisandtreatment.ImportanceBackgroundandImportanceScopeThisarticlefocusesonthegrossanatomyoftheabdominalwall,includingitsmuscles,nerves,bloodvessels,andfascia.Italsocoverstherelationshipbetweentheabdominalwallandtheunderlyingorgans.LimitationsAswithanyanatomicalstudy,theabdominalwallanatomycanbecomplex,andtheremaybeindividualvariations.Additionally,theabdominalwall'sresponsetoinjuryanddiseasecansignificantlyalteritsstructure.ScopeandLimitations02AnatomyoftheAbdominalWallLayersoftheAbdominalWallConsistsofskinandsuperficialfascia.Itprovidesprotectionandsupporttothedeeperstructures.FascialLayerComposedofthedeepfascia,whichisadenseconnectivetissuelayerthatattachestheabdominalwalltotheunderlyingorgans.MuscularLayerContainstheabdominalmusclesthataidinmovementsofthetrunkandprovidesupporttotheabdominalorgans.SuperficialLayerGoreAnteriorCompartmentContainsthestomach,spleen,andpancreas.GorePosteriorCompartmentContainsthesmallintestine,largeintestine,andmesentery.GoreoftheDiaphragmContainstheliverandgallbladder.FascialcompartmentsoftheAbdominalWall030201ArteriesSupplybloodtotheabdominalwallandorgans.Themainarteryistheaorta,whichbranchesintosmallerarteriesthatsupplyspecificareas.VeinsCollectbloodfromtheabdominalorgansandwall,returningittotheheart.NervesControlsensationandmovementoftheabdominalwall.Themainnervesarethesympatheticandparasympatheticnervesthatregulateinvoluntaryactionsoftheabdominalorgans.VesselsandNervesoftheAbdominalWall03SurfaceAnatomyoftheAbdominalWallCentralLine(Midline)Thelineextendingfromthexiphoidprocesstothepubicsymphysis.Itdividestheabdominalwallintoleftandrighthalves.CostalCartilagesThecartilagesthatattachtheribstothesternumandprovideflexibilitytotheribcage.Theyarepalpableontheanteriorabdominalwall.SurfaceLandmarksoftheAbdominalWallTopographicAnatomyoftheAbdominalWallHypogastricRegionTheareaabovetheumbilicusandbelowthecostalcartilages,alsoknownasthesuprapubicregion.Itisacommonsitefortendernessandpain.UmbilicalRegionTheareaaroundtheumbilicus,alsoknownasthenavel.Itisacommonsiteforherniasandsurgicalincisions.Umbilicus(Navel)Thedepressionatthecenteroftheabdominalwall,wheretheumbilicalcordwasattachedduringfetaldevelopment.Itisacommonsiteforsurgicalincisions.要点一要点二CostalCartilagesThecartilagesthatattachtheribstothesternumandprovideflexibilitytotheribcage.Theyarepalpableontheanteriorabdominalwall.PalpableLandmarksoftheAbdominalWall04MusclesoftheAbdominalWall位于腹部的侧面，起自肋骨下缘，斜向内下方，止于髂嵴、腹股沟韧带外侧。位置协助呼吸，使腹部向侧面弯曲；作为腹肌之一，参与腹腔内压的维持和腰部的稳定。功能ExternalObliqueMuscle位于腹部的侧面，起自髂嵴，斜向内上方，止于肋骨下缘。协助呼吸，使腹部向侧面弯曲；作为腹肌之一，参与腹腔内压的维持和腰部的稳定。InternalObliqueMuscle功能位置位于腹部的正中线两侧，起自耻骨联合、髂嵴，止于第5-7肋骨。位置使腹部向内凹陷，协助呼吸；作为腹肌之一，参与腹腔内压的维持和腰部的稳定。功能TransversusAbdominisMuscleVS位于腹部的正中线，起自耻骨联合、胸廓下缘，止于第5-7肋骨。功能使腹部向前凸出，协助呼吸；作为腹肌之一，参与腹腔内压的维持和腰部的稳定。位置RectusAbdominisMuscle05ClinicalApplicationsofAbdominalWallAnatomy010203HerniaClassificationBasedonthelocationandtypeofhernia,abdominalwallanatomycanhelpclassifyandtreatherniasmoreeffectively.HerniaPathophysiologyUnderstandingabdominalwallanatomycanaidinunderstandingthepathophysiologyofhernias,whichinvolvestheprotrusionoforgansortissuethroughweakenedareasoftheabdominalwall.SurgicalRepairKnowledgeofabdominalwallanatomyiscrucialforsurgeonsperformingherniarepairsurgery,astheymustidentifyandrepairthedefectintheabdominalwall.HerniasandtheirRelationshiptoAbdominalWallAnatomyDuringsurgery,theincisionisoftenmadeovertheareaofthedefecttoprovideaccesstotheabdominalcavity.Understandingtheanatomyoftheabdominalwallhelpssurgeonschooseanappropriateincisionsite.Insomecases,surgeonsmayneedtoremoveormovemusclestoaccessthedefectorperformothersurgicalprocedures.Knowledgeofabdominalwallanatomyhelpssurgeonsidentifyandworkaroundimportantmuscles.Understandingabdominalw